Capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje de salud psicosocial en profesionales peruanos con seguro sanitario: estudio experimental / Training with a psychosocial health neurolearning approach in Peruvian professionals with health insurance: Experimental study

Introducción Los factores de riesgo psicosociales como determinantes de la salud en el trabajo pueden afectar tanto al bienestar físico como al bienestar psíquico del trabajador. En los sistemas de formación que incluyen contenidos cognitivo-preventivos, funcionan mejor cuando la construcción del conocimiento está basada en el neuroaprendizaje. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el grado de procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas (grupo A) versus inserción de frases persuasivas (grupo B), como efecto de una capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje de la salud psicosocial en el trabajo de un grupo de profesionales con seguro sanitario de la Amazonía peruana. Métodos Diseño experimental con pre/posprueba, que incluyó dos grupos experimentales más un grupo de control: n = 48 sujetos en total, 16 por cada grupo, con edades entre 22 y 36 años. La capacitación se desarrolló entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019 con una duración de 18 horas, espaciadas en seis semanas. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un registro previamente validado por cinco expertos. Resultados La distribución de datos en los grupos fue adecuada tanto en preprueba como en posprueba, excepto en posprueba del grupo B (p = 0,002). En el grupo control los resultados del procesamiento de contenidos, tanto preprueba como en posprueba, se mantuvieron similares (p = 0,667). El procesamiento de contenidos sobre salud psicosocial en el trabajo en posprueba fue significativamente diferente entre los grupos de intervención y el grupo control (p = 0,001), distinguiéndose el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas. Conclusiones Los resultados indican que la capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje, puede mejorar el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas para el cumplimiento de normativas orientadas a promover la salud psicosocial en el trabajo.

Introduction Psychosocial risk factors as determinants of health at work can affect both the physical and psychological well-being of the worker. Training systems that include cognitive-preventive content work best when knowledge construction is based on neurolearning. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of content processing with the insertion of deterrent (group A) versus persuasive sentences (group B) as an effect of a training with a neurolearning approach to psychosocial health in the work of a group of professionals with health insurance in the Peruvian Amazon. Methods Experimental design with pre-/post-test, including two experimental groups plus a control group, n = 48 subjects in total and 16 per group, aged 22-36 years. The training took place between December 2018 and January 2019 with a duration of 18 hours spaced over six weeks. A register previously validated by five experts was used for data collection. Results The distribution of data in the groups was adequate in both pre-test and post-test, except in post-test in group "B" (p = 0.002). In the control group, the results of content processing in both pre-test and post-test remained similar (p = 0.667). The processing of psychosocial occupational health content in the post-test was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.001), distinguishing the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases. Conclusions The results indicate that training with a neurolearning approach can improve the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases for compliance with regulations aimed at promoting psychosocial health at work.

Análise comparativa da base social da Medicina e Enfermagem no Brasil entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 / Comparative analysis of the social base of the medical and nursing professions in Brazil from 2000 to 2010 / Análisis comparativo sobre la base social en Medicina y enfermería en Brasil entre los años 2000 y 2010

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as alterações ocorridas durante os anos 2000 na base social das profissões da Medicina e Enfermagem no Brasil, como resultado da expansão do Ensino Superior iniciada na segunda metade dos anos 1990. De um lado, analisa descritivamente a base social de recrutamento valendo-se dos dados do questionário socioeconômico do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes de 2004 e 2010, referentes aos ingressantes e concluintes dos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem. De outro, analisa a base social dos habilitados nas profissões valendo-se dos dados do Censo Demográfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística de 2000 e 2010. Os resultados mostram que ocorreu ampliação da base social de recrutamento das duas profissões, sobretudo pelo crescimento do alunado proveniente de famílias de baixa renda e que se declararam negros/as, pardos/as e mulato/as. Já a base social dos habilitados passou por uma reconfiguração, caracterizada pelo rejuvenescimento da população e pela diminuição das recompensas no mercado de trabalho. Ambos os processos foram vivenciados de forma distinta entre e dentro das profissões, destacando a existência de diferenças na capacidade de cada grupo profissional em mobilizar recursos que são próprios do mundo profissional e que lhes podem garantir posições especiais no mercado de trabalho e na estrutura social.

The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the 2000s in the social base of the medical and nursing professions in Brazil, as a result of the expansion of higher education in the country beginning in the late 1990s. The article begins with a descriptive analysis of the social base of recruitment, drawing on data from the socioeconomic questionnaire of the National Student Performance Exam in 2004 and 2010, for incoming and graduating students in medicine and nursing. Next, it analyzes the social base of certified physicians and nurses, using data from the 2000 and 2010 Population Censuses. The results show that there was an expansion in the social base of recruitment in both professions, especially an increase in students from low-income families and those self-identified as black or brown. The social base of certified physicians and nurses underwent a reconfiguration, characterized by rejuvenation and a decrease in work market remuneration. The two processes were experienced differently within and between the professions, highlighting the existence of differences in the respective professional groups' capacity to mobilize resources proper to the professional world and that can guarantee special positions in the work market and in social structure.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las alteraciones ocurridas durante la primera década del año 2000, en lo que se refiere a la base social en las profesiones de medicina y enfermería en Brasil, como resultado de la expansión de la enseñanza superior, iniciada en la segunda mitad de la década de 1990. Por un lado, se analiza descriptivamente la base social en la selección de personal, valiéndose de los datos de la encuesta socioeconómica del Examen Nacional de Desempeño de los Estudiantes, desde 2004 hasta 2010, en cuanto a quienes accedían y concluían los cursos de medicina y enfermería. Por otro, se analiza la base social de los habilitados en esas profesiones, usando los datos del Censo Demográfico de 2000 y 2010. Los resultados muestran que se produjo una ampliación de la base social en el acceso a estas dos profesiones, sobre todo por el crecimiento del alumnado proveniente de familias de baja renta, y que se declararon negros/as, mestizo/as y mulato/as. Ya la base social de quienes fueron habilitados sufrió una reconfiguración, caracterizada por el rejuvenecimiento de la población, y por la disminución de los subsidios en el mercado de trabajo. Ambos procesos fueron vividos de forma distinta entre y dentro de las propias profesiones, destacando la existencia de diferencias en la capacidad de cada grupo profesional al movilizar recursos, que son propios del mundo profesional, y que les pueden garantizar posiciones especiales en el mercado de trabajo y en la estructura social.

The Design of a Practice-based Study of Attendees at Chiropractic Offices in Western Australia.

Introduction: This paper presents the protocols for a pilot study that will provide a design critique and collect information to describe the patients who attend chiropractors in Western Australia. Aims and Objectives: 1. Provide a critique of the research design and methodology, including enrolment and recruitment, data collection, and sample size calculations. 2. Describe the patient demographics, reason for consultation and baseline health status of patients that present to chiropractic practices in Western Australia. Methods/Research Design: This will be a prospective, cross-sectional, practice-based pilot study of patients seeking chiropractic services in Western Australia. A minimum of seven (7) independent private chiropractic practices across urban, regional, rural and remote settings will be recruited. Consecutive adult patients that self-present to these practices for the first time will be invited to participate. Data for analysis will be collected in participating clinics using a computer-based online questionnaire. Data collected will include; patient demographics; age, gender, primary language, occupation, payment source, presenting complaint, prior treatment, pre-existing health conditions, medications, attendance at other health practitioners, lifestyle choices, previous use of chiropractic and human quality of life measures (HQoL’s; SF-12 and PIQ-R). Priori sample size estimation indicates a total sample of 320 would be sufficient to achieve a study power of >80% (assumed effect size 0.2, α=0.05, assumed df=5). Conclusion: Innovative electronic and internet portals for gathering practice-based data are to be assessed. Information describing patients who attend allied and complementary practitioners is critical to facilitate appropriate and effective health system planning and administration in Western Australia.

Eco-epidemiologic study of emerging fungi related to the work of babacu coconut breakers in the State of Maranhao, Brazil

Introduction: There are more than 300,000 extractors using the babaçu coconut as a source of income in the States of Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins and Piauí, and this activity is associated with fungal infections. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of emergent fungi in the conjunctiva, nails and surface and subcutaneous injuries of female coconut breakers in Esperantinópolis, Maranhão. Additionally, soil samples and palm structures were collected. Methods: The obtained samples were cultured in Petri dishes containing potato-dextrose-agar and chloramphenicol. The etiological agent was confirmed by a direct mycological exam and growth in culture. Results: In total, 150 domiciles were visited, and samples were collected from 80 patients. From the ground, the most frequently isolated fungus was Aspergillus niger (53. 8%). the most frequently detected fungus in babaçu coconut was Aspergillus niger (66.7%). Conjunctival fungal growth occurred in 76.3% of the women. The ocular fungal microbiota consisted of filamentous fungi (80.6%), and yeasts were present in 19.4% of cases. Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 44% (11/25) of the women. Conclusions: The identification of the genera Neosartorya, Rhizopus and Curvularia in onychomycoses shows that emergent filamentous fungi can be isolated. Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Scedosporium sp. were the predominant genera found in the babaçu coconut. From ocular conjunctiva, Candida spp. were the most prevalent species isolated, and Fusarium sp. was present only in one woman. The nearly permanent exposure of coconut breakers to the external environment and to the soil is most likely the reason for the existence of a mycotic flora and fungal infections, varying according to the individual's practices and occupation. .

Reflexões sobre a prática do residente terapeuta ocupacional na estratégiasaúde da família no município de São Carlos / About the therapist occupational residence practice at family healthcarestrategy in São Carlos

O olhar dos residentes egressos de Terapia Ocupacional sobre suas práticas na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade da UFSCar foi o objetivo deste estudo.Durante o programa de pós-graduação “lato sensu”, de ensino em serviço, os residentes desenvolvem competências de cuidado individual e coletivo, gestão, educação permanente e pesquisa, na lógica do apoio matricial, inseridos em Unidades de Saúde da Família do município. Responderam a um questionário on-line, sete dos oito residentes formados de 2007 a 2011. O material empírico foi agrupado em blocos a partir de um entendimentoda hermenêutica dialética em diálogo com o referencial teórico e o projeto pedagógico da residência. Embora com diferenças, todos os residentes puderam reconhecer, de forma ampliada, aspráticas e os preceitos da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Nos relatos,associaram o cuidado individual e coletivo ao núcleo de saber da Terapia Ocupacional, e associaram as ações coletivas, de gestão e de educação permanente, ao campo de saber da Saúde Coletiva. Os egressos reconheceram a residência como fundamental para sua formação pessoal e profissional...

This study, based on dialectical hermeneutics, investigated the view of occupational therapists posgraduatesat University of São Carlos about their practices. During the residence, they worked in a Unit of Family Healthcare in which they are inserted in a matrix organization model and they hadpermanent education and research based in practice, learning about management of health services, individual and collective care. Seven graduates, who concluded the residence between 2007 and 2011, answered an on-line questionnaire. This materialwas grouped in accordance to comprehensive and critical social reality knowledge based in the pedagogic project and residence theory. Although each student has had different view, everyone experienced and recognized, generally, the practice accordingto Family Health Strategy precepts: comprehensive health care,interdisciplinary, intersectionality, networking, social control, co-responsibility, autonomy and protagonism. Moreover, the answers demonstrated an association between care (individual and collective) to occupational therapy center of knowledge, and groups management and permanent education were associated to community health. In conclusion, the posgraduates recognizedthe residence as a fundamental experience to their personal andprofessional formation...