Comparison of amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) and liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) on rat kidney: a morphological evaluation / Comparasión de la anfotericina B complejo lipídico (Abelcet) y la anfotericina B liposomal (AmBisome) en el riñón de rata: una evaluación morfológica

The aim of our study was to compare the nephrotoxic effects of liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) and amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) on rat kidneys at short (14 days) and long term (28 days) treatment applications. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were included and divided into six groups (n=6). Groups 1 and 4 are composed as control groups by administrating intraperitoneal (ip) 0, 9 molar Serum physiologic for a period of 14 and 28 days respectively. Group 2 and 3 are treated with 5 mg/kg Ambisome and 5 mg/kg Abelcet for 14 days respectively, group 5 and 6 are treated with same agents for 28 days respectively. Then, the rats were transcardially perfused, samples were taken from cortex and medulla regions of kidneys. The micrographs of group 1 and 4 were seen as normal. For short term treatment, some morphological changes were seen in proximal tubule cells in group 3 whereas in group 2 the graphs were observed as normal. However, after long term drug using in group 5 and 6 there were vacuolization, increased lysosomal structures and deep basal folding's into tubular cells lumen. These experiments establish that renal damage were seen in short and long term use of Abelcet and long term use of Ambisome.

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar los efectos nefrotóxicos de la anfotericina B liposomal (AmBisome) y anfotericina B en complejo lipídico (Abelcet) sobre riñones de ratas, en el tratamiento de aplicación a corto (14 días) y largo plazo (28 días). Fueron incluidas en el estudio 36 ratas Wistar machos, divididas en seis grupos (n = 6). Los Grupos 1 y 4 fueron grupos de control mediante la administración intraperitoneal (ip) de 0, 9 molar de suero fisiológico durante un periodo de 14 y 28 días respectivamente. Los Grupos 2 y 3 fueron tratados con 5 mg/kg de ambisome y 5 mg/kg abelcet durante 14 días respectivamente, y finalmente los grupos Grupos 5 y 6 tratados con los mismos agentes durante 28 días, respectivamente. Luego, las ratas fueron perfundidas vía transcardíaca, y se tomaron muestras de la corteza y la médula renal. Las micrografías de los grupos 1 y 4 se observaron normal. En el tratamiento a corto plazo, algunos cambios morfológicos se observaron en las células del túbulo proximal en el grupo 3, mientras que en el grupo 2 los gráficos se observaron normales. Sin embargo, después de utilizar la droga a largo plazo en los grupos 5 y 6 hubo vacuolización, aumento de las estructuras lisosomales y un profundo plegamiento basal de las células del lumen tubular. Estos experimentos establecen que el daño renal se produce en el uso a corto y largo plazo de Abelcet, y largo plazo de Ambisome.

Current and Emerging Antifungal Agents in Japan / 대한의진균학회지

Currently available antifungal agents for the treatment of systemic fungal infections in Japan are smaller in number than those in the United States and Europe and probably in Korea. Therefore, the development of novel antifungal drugs for clinical use, including new formulations of approved agents, with advantages over and/or complimentary to existing agents is particularly needed in Japan. In this review, I have described historical perspectives of existing systemic antifungal agents and provided a brief overview of the current status of clinical development of several different categories of new drugs as follows: (1) liposomal amphotericin B; (2) itraconazole-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes; (3) phosphatyl fluconazole (phosfluconazole) ; (4) voriconazole; and (5) micafungin (FK463). At this moment, micafungin, a member of echinocandins attracts the greatest attention of Japanese medical mycologists because it has just been introduced into the clinic and has unique chemical and biological characteristics distinct from any other existing class of antifungal drugs. Micafungin, as well as other new drugs under clinical development, should constitute effective new options for the management of a variety of systemic fungal infections.