Anatomic measurement and clinical significance of the middle and lower thoracic segments in normal adults / Medición anatómica e importancia clínica de los segmentos torácico medio e inferior en adultos normales

Thoracic disc herniation (TDH) has high technical difficulty and serious complications, and the clinical anatomy of thoracic intervertebral foramen is less. Collecting 10 adult male cadavers, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the dorsal root ganglion (D1), the transverse diameter of the dorsal root ganglion (D2), horizontal sagittal diameter of the upper edge of the intervertebral disc (S1), the high of intervertebral foramen (H1), the height of articulationes costovertebrales (H2), the height of intervertebral disk (H3), the angel of the dorsal root ganglion (a). The aim of this study is to explore the safe area of middle and lower thoracic section and provide anatomical basis for the selection of operative cannula. Mastering the certain rules of the anatomical structure of the middle and lower thoracic segments, and referring to the above parameters in clinical, is conducive to the selection of the working casing during surgery.

La hernia de disco torácico (TDH) tiene una alta dificultad técnica y complicaciones graves, y la anatomía clínica del agujero intervertebral torácico es menor. Recolectando 10 cadáveres machos adultos, midiendo el diámetro longitudinal del ganglio de la raíz dorsal (D1), el diámetro transversal del ganglio de la raíz dorsal (D2), el diámetro sagital horizontal del borde superior del disco intervertebral (S1), el colmo del intervertebral agujero (H1), la altura de las articulaciones costovertebrales (H2), la altura del disco intervertebral (H3), el ángel del ganglio de la raíz dorsal (α). El objetivo de este estudio es explorar el área segura de la sección torácica media y baja y proporcionar una base anatómica para la selección de la cánula operatoria. Dominar ciertas reglas de la estructura anatómica de los segmentos torácicos medio e inferior, y referirse a los parámetros anteriores en clínica, es propicio para la selección de la carcasa de trabajo durante la cirugía.

Automated three-dimensional measurement on anatomic parameters of proximal femur / 医用生物力学

ObjectiveTo automatically measure anatomic parameters of proximal femur by establishing three-dimensional (3D) coordinate system of the femur based on bony landmarks, so as to assist pre-operative planning and design of customized femoral stem. MethodsThe software named "Femeter" was independently developed for anatomic measurement of the femur, which allowed importing the femur models with STL format and manually locating the targeted anatomic landmarks. The 3D modeling of femoral medullary canal was rapidly created by semi-spherical iterative searching algorithm, and 16 key anatomic parameters of proximal femur, including femoral head radius, neck-shaft angle, anterversion were automatically calculated by least-squares fitting algorithm. ResultsBy experimenting on 30 femur STL models, the average execution time of single measurement was (0.95±0.16) seconds, and the intra-class correlation coefficient of 9 anatomic parameters was between 0.907 and 0.999, which showed high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. ConclusionsThe automatic modeling and execution time of measuring algorithm by Femeter are fast, with satisfactory measurement repeatability and easy interaction, which is easily applicable to clinical practice. The 3D anatomic measurement of proximal femur can provide solid data for pre-operative planning of total hip arthroplasty, selection of commercialized femoral stem and design of customized femoral stem.