Condiciones Biológicas y Sociales relacionadas con enfermedades crónicas en los Adultos Mayores del Centro de Apoyo IESS, Cuenca 2015 / Cohort Study: Biological and Social Conditions related to chronic diseases in older adults, of Centro de Apoyo IESS, Cuenca 2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los adultos mayores constituyen el 6% de la población total en Ecuador, estimándose que en los próximos 17 años esta población se duplicará al 12%. Como resultado del cambio demográfico, aumenta la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas, que se ven potenciadas o desencadenadas por múltiples factores entre ellos: la alimentación inadecuada, el estado nutricional, las redes de apoyo social y familiar deficientes, la existencia de comorbilidades y la funcionalidad del adulto mayor. En este trabajo el objetivo fue establecer las condiciones del estado biológico - social y su relación con las enfermedades crónicas de los adultos mayores en el Centro de Apoyo del IESS de la ciudad de Cuenca. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal de prevalencia, con un universo de 2 000 adultos mayores, una muestra de 398 individuos que aceptaron participar en el estudio. Los instrumentos para la recolección y análisis de datos fueron: formulario socio demográfico, el Índice de Katz, el Lubben Social Network Scale y la Historia clínica individual. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas, se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes y según el caso chi cuadrado de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Las condiciones biológicas se presentaron así: sobrepeso 44.5%; obesidad 17.1%, bajo peso 0.8%, alimentación inadecuada de 45%, no se presentaron casos con incapacidad física; sobre Redes Sociales: 57.8% tienen "Bastante", 20.9% "Suficiente", 10.6% presentaron "Pocas"; 8.5% de las familias fueron moderadamente disfuncionales y 6% severamente disfuncionales, el 85.4% son funcionales; la HTA fue la patología crónica más frecuente con el 50%. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe asociación significativa entre: HTA con alimentación y redes sociales; diabetes y osteoporosis con alimentación, hiperlipidemia con estado nutricional y redes sociales; el ACV con funcionamiento familiar.(au)

BACKGROUND: Older adults constitute 6% of the total population in Ecuador, estimating that in the next 17 years, this population will double to 12%. As a result of demographic change, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases, which are enhanced or triggered by multiple factors including: inadequate nutrition, nutritional status, poor social and family support networks, the existence of comorbidities and the functionality of the Elderly. The objective of this study was to determine the conditions of the biological - social state and its relation with chronic diseases of the elderly in the IESS Support Center of Cuenca. METHODS: A cross-sectional study to determine prevalence, with a universe of 2 000 older adults, a sample of 398 individuals who agreed to participate in the study. The instruments for data collection and analysis were: socio-demographic form, the Katz Index, the Lubben Social Network Scale and the individual clinical patient history. The results were presented in charts, we determined frequencies, percentages and Person's chi-squared test. RESULTS: Biological conditions: Overweight 44.5%; Obesity 17.1%, underweight 0.8%, inadequate feeding of 45%, no cases of physical incapacity were existed; On social networks: 57.8% have "enough", 20.9% "sufficient", 10.6% presented "few" support; 8.5% of the families were moderately dysfunctional and 6% severely dysfunctional, 85.4% are functional; Hypertension was the most common chronic pathology with 50%. CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between: HTA with food quality and social networks; Diabetes and osteoporosis with food quality; hyperlipidemia with nutritional status and social networks; LCA with family function.(au)

Calidad de vida y apoyo social en mujeres con cáncer de mama / Quality of life and social support in women with breast cancer / Qualidade de vida e apoio social em mulheres com câncer de mama

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre calidad de vida y apoyo social en mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama que reciben tratamiento de quimioterapia en una clínica cancerológica de Norte de Santander. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo correlacional, de tipo descriptivo transversal, en el cual se calculó una muestra de 120 mujeres, con una selección a conveniencia intencionada. La recolección de la información se realizó por medio de los instrumentos de QOL de Betty Ferrell para evaluar la calidad de vida y SSCI de G. Hilbert para el apoyo social de este grupo de mujeres. Resultados: Se presentó una calidad de vida buena, en donde las dimensiones que más se correlacionaron fueron la física y la psicológica. Así mismo, el mayor apoyo social se obtuvo de las personas que las rodean, evidenciándose la relación signifi cativa de todas las dimensiones entre sí. Conclusión: Al establecer la relación entre calidad de vida y apoyo social en las mujeres con cáncer de mama que reciben tratamiento con quimioterapia, se acepta la hipótesis nula de que no existe correlación entre las dos variables, aunque el valor p,=0,002 representa una signifi cancia estadística. Se deduce que las dos variables, aunque son independientes, se relacionan entre sí por las dimensiones y las sub-escalas.

Objective: To establish the relationship between quality and social support in women diagnosed with breast cancer that chemotherapy treatment in the cancer clinic of Norte de Santander. Materials and Methods: Correlational quantitative study, of transversal descriptive type, in which a sample of 120 women was calculated, with a selection of intentional convenience. The collection of the information was done through the instruments of QOL of Betty Ferrell and (SSCI) of G. Hilbert where the quality of life and social support of this group of women was established. Results: A quality-life relationship was presented in the dimensions that most correlated with the physical and the psychological, likewise, social support was obtained from the people around them, evidencing the signifi cant relationship of all the dimensions among themselves. Conclusion: the relationship between quality of life and social support in women with breast cancer and treatment with chemotherapy, accepts the hypothesis that there is no correlation between the variables, although the p value, = 0.002 represents a statistical signifi cance, It follows that the two variables, although independent, are related to each other by the dimensions and subscales.

Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre qualidade de vida e apoio social em mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama que recebem tratamento de quimioterapia numa clínica de câncer no estado Norte de Santander-Colômbia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo correlacional de tipo descritivo transversal, o qual se calculou uma amostra de 120 mulheres, com uma seleção a conveniência intencionada. A recolecção da informação foi feita por meio dos instrumentos de QOL de Betty Ferrell para avaliar a qualidade de vida e SSCI de G. Hilbert para o apoio social deste grupo de mulheres. Resultados: Apresentou-se uma boa qualidade de vida, onde as dimensões que mais se correlacionaram foram a física e a psicológica. Do mesmo modo, o maior apoio social foi obtido junto das pessoas que os rodeiam, evidenciando-se a relação significativa de todas as dimensões entre si. Conclusão: Ao estabelecer a relação entre qualidade de vida e apoio social nas mulheres com câncer de mama que recebem tratamento com quimioterapia, a hipótese nula aceita que não existe correlação entre as duas variáveis, embora o valor p,=0,002 represente uma significância estatística. Pode deduzir-se que as duas variáveis, embora sejam independentes, se relacionam entre si pelas dimensões e as sub-escalas.

Vegetable and Fruit Consumption among Chinese Adults and Associated Factors: A Nationally Representative Study of 170,847 Adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study examined vegetable and fruit (VF) consumption rate and its associated factors among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nationally representative data from the 2013 China Chronic Disease Surveillance survey were used. Dietary intake data, including VF consumption during the last 12 months, were collected. All analyses were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates. Associations between VF consumption and other factors (e.g., meal frequency and physical activity) were examined through logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average fruit consumption was 102.3 g/day (95% CI: 97.0-107.6) and the average vegetable consumption was 350.6 g/day (95% CI: 339.3-361.8). Over half (53.2%, 95% CI: 50.9-55.4) of Chinese adults met the VF consumption of 400 g/day recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Rural residents had a higher prevalence of low VF consumption rate than urban residents [49.20% (95% CI: 46.2%-52.2%) vs. 44.0% (95% CI: 41.7%-46.3%) P < 0.01]. Old age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), low educational level, low income, minority ethnicity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74), underweight (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33), single marital status (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33), low health literacy, irregular breakfast (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.38) or lunch (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.99) habits, and no leisure-time physical activity were associated with low VF consumption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Only half of Chinese adults met the VF consumption recommended by the WHO. Low socio-economic status, irregular diet, and poor health literacy were likely associated with low VF consumption. National efforts and programs are needed to promote VF consumption.</p>