RESUMEN
Jugular foramen is a large irregular hiatus at the base of the skull which transmits a large number of important structures. Any abnormality of jugular foramen and associated jugular fossa may impart damage to these structures. Aim of the present study was to analyse the shape, size, presence of septa, presence of a domed bony roof and bilateral symmetry of the Jugular foramen in dry adult skulls of males and females in the central Indian population. METHODSA total of 120 skull jugular foramina and jugular fossae were examined, by two different researchers to avoid observer errors. Parameters studied were anteroposterior and transverse diameters of jugular foramen, width and depth of jugular fossa, presence of bony septum etc. Data was collected and analysed using statistical software. RESULTSAntero-posterior and transverse diameters of right jugular foramen were found to be more than left one. Complete septation of jugular foramen was observed in 1.67 % and 2.5 % skulls on right and left side respectively. Bony roof or dome of jugular fossa was observed in 30 %, 17.5 % and 16.67 % on the right side, the left side, and bilaterally respectively. In 10.83 % skulls, we found an accessory foramen connecting jugular foramen to anterior condylar canal. CONCLUSIONSDetailed knowledge of various anomalies of jugular fossa and jugular foramen should be kept in mind while doing surgery by neurosurgeons and ENT surgeons. Radiologists also should keep these points in the mind while interpreting CT and MRI scans.
RESUMEN
Background: Skeleton is an excellent investigating material in living and non-living population for genetic,anthropological and forensic purposes. Anatomical knowledge of human osteology, in the evaluation of deathmay help to shed light on legal issues such as sex and age determination, parentage and racial identity. Withracial differences, it’s difficult to implement a uniform method for determining sex. Therefore, the need forpresent study was felt. Many bones of skeleton present size related sexual differences, those of the pelvis usuallydisplayed differences in morphology independent of size as the sex hormones influence the reproductive functions.In the present study an attempt has been made to arrive at appropriate metric data, regarding sex determinationof North Indian pelves using indices calculated upon dry hip bones, sacrum & pelvis as a whole.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 adult pelvis (M: F= 40:10) obtained from GovernmentMedical College, Amritsar. Measurements related to Pelvic Brim Index, Coxal Index, Index I & Index II of GreaterSciatic Notch, Ischiopubic Index, Sacral index, Longitudinal Curvature index & Corporobasal index were taken bystandardized methods, indices were calculated & results were statistically analyzed.Results: Amongst the various indices calculated in present study Coxal Index, Index I & Index II of Greater SciaticNotch, Ischiopubic Index & Sacral index were found to be significantly sexually dimorphic.Conclusions: Since skeletal characteristics vary among populations; therefore the present study provides adatabase for various significant pelvis related indices amongst North Indian population to optimize the accuracyof sex identification