Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection among outdoor patients and indoor patients of tertiary care institute, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Background: Hepatitis virus infections have many serious consequences like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cancer. Serological test is thus necessary to identify hepatitis virus in the body. An observational study was conducted with an objective to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies by rapid card tests and to find the prevalence of co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses from January 2019 to June 2019.Methods: Blood samples were received from patients irrespective of age and sex, constituted the material for the present study. All samples were tested on hepacard and tri-dot card for the detection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus and results were interpreted as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Out of 3488 samples, 254 samples were positive for hepatitis virus infection. Out of these 254 samples positive for hepatitis viruses, 22 (0.6%) patients were positive for hepatitis B virus and 232 (6.6%) patients were positive for hepatitis C virus. Only 2 (0.7%) of these patients showed co-infection with both viruses.Conclusions: Male patients showed more positivity of hepatitis virus as compared to females. Patients were more from outpatient department (OPD) as compared to inpatient department (IPD). Hepatitis virus infection was found to be highest in the age group 21-40 and lowest in the age group above 80 years. Both the co-infected patients were males and from IPD.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus among patients at a tertiary health care centre in Rajasthan, India

Background: To ascertain the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection among patients visiting a tertiary care center in Jaipur, Rajasthan.Methods: An observation analytic study was done at a tertiary care center affiliated to Medical College with retrospective analysis of the hospital data of two calendar years. During this period HCV infection screening (anti-HCV) was offered to every suspected patient admitted in hospital and every pregnant women visiting antenatal care clinic.Results: The study prevalence of HCV infection was 0.05% (13/25311). The prevalence was more in female (0.03%) than male (0.02%). The study prevalence of anti-HCV among pregnant female was 0.02% (3/16224). Maximum positive cases (4/13, 30.77% positive cases) were in the age group of 21-30 years (sexually active group) and >50 years age group while minimum positivity was found in children (00 case, 0-20 years age).Conclusions: In this study, prevalence of HCV infection was 0.05%. The study prevalence of HCV among pregnant females was 0.02%. Maximum positive cases (4/13, 30.77% positive cases) were in the age group of >50 years and 21-30 years. This study aids in view to strengthen proper screening for HCV infection to reduce HCV related morbidity and mortality

Anti-hepatitis C virus drugs:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of global public health problems, and predominantly results in severe hepatic diseases including hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The traditional standard of care for chronic HCV is the combination of ribavirin and pegylated interferon, which is insufficient to cure the HCV infection due to the suboptimal sustained viral response and severe side effects. Recently new therapeutic approaches have been developed, including direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) and host-targeting agents, which target essential proteins or host factors in HCV life cycle, such as NS3/4A protease, NS5B polymerase and NS5A protein. These agents exhibit high efficacy, improving safety and tolerability. Thus, the approval of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir provides a breakthrough therapy against chronic hepatitis C infection. This review describes the current different classes of HCV inhibitors during the last decades, and their chemical structures, mechanisms and related anti-viral property.

Anti-hepatitis C virus drugs: Research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of global public health problems, and predominantly results in severe hepatic diseases including hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The traditional standard of care for chronic HCV is the combination of ribavirin and pegylated interferon, which is insufficient to cure the HCV infection due to the suboptimal sustained viral response and severe side effects. Recently new therapeutic approaches have been developed, including direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) and host-targeting agents, which target essential proteins or host factors in HCV life cycle, such as NS3/4A protease, NS5B polymerase and NS5A protein. These agents exhibit high efficacy, improving safety and tolerability. Thus, the approval of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir provides a breakthrough therapy against chronic hepatitis C infection. This review describes the current different classes of HCV inhibitors during the last decades, and their chemical structures, mechanisms and related antiviral property.

Analysis of HCV screening results from 2012 to 2014 / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the infection status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors .Methods anti‐HCV was detec‐ted by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .HCV RNA was detected by using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction .Results The positive rate of anti‐HCV in blood donors was 0 .07% (109/163 782) .Among 109 positive donors ,80 donors were anti‐HCV positive while only one reagent was used ,and 29 donors were anti‐HCV positive when two reagents were used .80 cases were anti‐HCV positive in first donors and 29 cases were anti‐HCV positive in repeated donors .Among the 80 donors who were anti‐HCV positive while only one reagent was used ,72 samples according with the demand of nucleic acid test were tested by the nucleic acid test ,of whom HCV RNA was negative .Conclusion The positive rate of anti‐HCV in Yancheng donors could be lower than general population .There might be no change of positive rate of anti‐HCV in blood donors during the three years .The positive individuals could be negative in nucleic acid test while only one reagent was used in ELISA test .

A QSAR study on a series of thiourea derivatives acting as anti-hepatitis C virus agents.

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed on a large series of thiourea derivatives reported by Kang et al. [Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2009), 19, 1950-55 & 6063-68], acting as anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) agents. The activity of the compounds was found to be significantly correlated with their hydrophobic property and three indicator variables I1, I2 and I3, the first two specifying a negative effect of an alkyl and an aromatic group, respectively on their R-moiety and the third one specifying a negative effect of their Ar-moiety having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. The whole set containing 85 compounds was divided into two subsets: the training set and the test set containing 61 and 24 compounds, respectively. For the training set, the correlation coefficient (r) and the square of cross-validated correlation coefficient (r2cv) were found to be 0.926 and 0.83, respectively. The correlation obtained suggested that anti-HCV activity of the compounds would depend on their hydrophobic property, conformational flexibility and the steric effects of an alkyl or an aromatic group on the R-moiety. This suggested that the molecules might have significant hydrophobic interactions with the receptor which might be aided by their conformational flexibility, but hindered sterically by an alkyl or an aromatic group on their R-moiety. Using the correlation obtained, some new compounds having activity higher (>8.0) than the most active compound in the existing series were predicted.

Evaluación de un nuevo inmunoensayo para detectar anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C / Evaluation of new immunoassay for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus

Se evaluó el desempeño de un nuevo inmunoensayo de tercera generación para la detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de la Hepatitis C, HCV ELISA 3ª generación (Wiener-lab. Rosario. Argentina). Este equipo presenta reactivos coloreados para permitir el monitoreo de adición de muestras y control de procesos. Se evaluó la sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión de HCV ELISA 3ª generación mediante 5 paneles de seroconversión, 8 paneles de desempeño, 1 panel de sensibilidad para diferentes genotipos de HCV, 23 muestras de pacientes infectados con diferentes genotipos de HCV, 546 muestras de pacientes infectados, 556 muestras que contenían interferentes potenciales y 3.024 muestras de individuos no infectados. La sensibilidad en paneles de desempeño y en pacientes infectados fue 99,72%, y en muestras de pacientes infectados con diferentes genotipos fue 100%. La especificidad obtenida en muestras de donantes de sangre y Centros de Salud fue 99,50%. Finalmente, en los estudios de precisión se observó un coeficiente de variación intraensayo menor al 10%, e interensayo menor al 15% para muestras reactivas débiles. HCV ELISA 3ª generación, desarrollado por Wiener-lab, presenta un desempeño adecuado para el diagnóstico de la infección por HCV en el laboratorio serológico y en el tamizaje de donantes de sangre.

The performance of a new third-generation Anti-HCV, HCV ELISA third-generation (Wiener-lab. Rosario. Argentina), was evaluated. This kit presents sample addition monitoring and process control. Sensibility, specificity and precision of HCV ELISA 3ª generation were evaluated by means of 5 seroconversion panels, 8 performance panels, 1 worldwide HCV performance panel (which includes different HCV genotypes), on 546 samples of patients infected with HCV, 556 samples containing potentially interfering substances, and 3024 samples of persons not infected with HCV. Sensibility was 99.72% on performance panels and samples of HCV infected patients, and 100% on samples of patients infected with different genotypes. The specificity obtained from samples from blood donors and health centers was 99.50%. Finally, in precision studies the intra-assay coefficient of variation found was smaller than 10% and the inter-assay CV was smaller than 15% for weak reactive samples. In summary, HCV ELISA 3ª generation developed by Wiener-lab presents an adequate performance for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in clinical laboratory and blood donations screening.

Research on piezoelectric immunosensor for detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus / 临床检验杂志

Objective To develope a new kind of piezoelectric immunosensor which could detect anti-HCV antibody in short time.Methods The corresponding sensitive material was fixed on the piezoelectric immunosensor by polyethylenimine adhesion and glutaraldehyde cross-linking method.The assembly condition and response characters were investigated and the piezoimmunosensor could be used in detection of clinical blood specimen.Results The respond of the positive serum was 4 times higher than that of negative serum.HBsAg had little interference to the detection of anti-HCV antibody.Conclusion The piezoelectric immunosensor prepared in this study is highly selective,easy to be operated for effective detection of anti-HCV antibody.