Research,development and advance in precise screening of lung cancer drugs with tumor organoids / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with the worst prognosis worldwide.Its incidence rate and mortality rate have long been among the top of malignant tumors.The heterogeneity and drug resistance are among the reasons contributing to its poor prognosis.Lung cancer organoid,which is a 3D in vitro model cultured from patient-derived tumor cells recapitulating the biological characteristics of the primary tumor,can be used for various researches of lung cancer. OBJECTIVE:To review the application and research progress of lung cancer organoids in chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy drug sensitivity screening,analyze its limitations,aiming to provide new strategies for personalized and precision medicine of lung cancer. METHODS:The first author searched relevant articles published from 2013 to 2023 in CNKI and PubMed in July 2023.The search terms were"organoid,lung cancer organoid,lung cancer experimental model,precision medicine,drug sensitivity test,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy"in Chinese and English.Finally,a total of 84 articles were incorporated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with traditional lung cancer research models,which can only demonstrate two-dimensional cell activities,lack cell-to-cell interactions,and suffer from species differences,lung cancer organoids offer a diverse cell source and continuously optimized culture conditions.They can simulate cellular interactions in a three-dimensional context while retaining the biological characteristics of the original tumor.These organoids represent a promising research model with significant potential,providing a solid foundation for their use in cancer drug screening.(2)Lung cancer organoids have shown preliminary significance in guiding anticancer drug selection.Their predictive outcomes align closely with actual clinical outcomes,marking a pivotal step towards precision in lung cancer treatment.By assessing the efficacy of common chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy drugs,these organoids enable the customization of individualized treatment strategies,reducing unnecessary drug trials and toxic and side reaction while exploring possible alternative drugs or combination regimens for drug resistance issues so as to guide the precision treatment of rare mutated lung cancer and fill the clinical gap.A more comprehensive drug evaluation is provided by comparing the activity of different drugs.Additionally,it is essential to consider the internal heterogeneity of organoids,emphasizing the importance of multiple sampling to enhance result accuracy.(3)Lung cancer organoids have limitations in practical applications such as inconsistent success rates and purity in cultivation and the lack of vascular tissue.To address these shortcomings,improvements are needed in cultivation conditions,expedited testing processes,and the development of multi-organ systems to simulate the overall effects of drugs in multiple organs.These enhancements will contribute to a more accurate assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity,thereby enhancing the precision of lung cancer treatment.

Advancement in the research of 3D bioprinting in the treatment of liver cancer / 肿瘤

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly lethal cancer with significant incidence and mortality rates.The study of the biological features of liver cancer cells is critical for the development of novel treatment strategies for HCC.While traditional cell culture techniques fail to provide information on the growth and diffusion of cells in a threedim-ensional space(3D),3D bioprinting technology provides a new method to study the functional characteristics of HCC cells.With the development of 3D cell culture technology,researches are largely focused on exploring the function and behavior of cells in a three-dimensional environment,particularly in complex tumor models like liver tumors that comprise intricate cellular tissues and blood vessels.This article discussed about the cellular functions that need to be studied in the 3D bioprinting environment of HCC and other tumor cells by reviewing the research progress of 3D bioprinting in HCC and various other cancer cell lines,aiming to help researchers replicate the in vivo growth environment of tumor cells more accurately,expand application scenarios,and further explore cancer treatment methods.In addition,3D bioprinting technology is considered a promising tool for drug development,providing a more clinically relevant model for the pharmacological study of anti-cancer drugs,better revealing the drug sensitivity and resistance of tumors,reducing the need for animal experiments,and providing more possibilities for precision medicine.