Mga tanom na nakakabulong: Medicinal plant studies among the undergraduate researches of Bicol University – Department of Biology from 1991 to 2019

Background@#Undergraduate researches in universities are potential sources of useful data in medicinal plant research. In higher education institutions, many of these manuscripts remain untapped and inaccessible to researchers and scientists. If widely utilized, these can contribute in the growth of knowledge on medicinal plants. @*Objectives@#This article aimed to catalogue the medicinal plant researches of the Bicol University – Department of Biology from 1991 to 2019, highlight significant developments, trends, and responsiveness of the research, and recommend policies to improve medicinal plant research in the next decade. @*Methodology@#A complete list of undergraduate research titles was obtained and analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) process. Categorization of researches included the medicinal plants studied, year of study, and the biological assays conducted. The final list included two things: researches that utilized medicinal plants and those researches which tested the biological and medicinal properties of plants. Results were presented in percentages. @*Results@#To date, 18.72% of the 865 thesis titles archived in the department are medicinal plant researches and majority of which focused on antimicrobial and toxicity studies. There were 52 plant families, 99 genera, and 114 plant species investigated. Leguminosae and Asteraceae were the most studied plant families. The years 2011-2019 were the most fruitful in terms of research completed. @*Conclusion@#Undergraduate researches can provide vital information on medicinal plants studies, especially on an institutional and regional level. It is recommended that medicinal plants research be included as a thematic area among higher education institutions, and that policies be implemented to support publication of researches.

Determinação da Atividade Antimicrobiana do Extrato Hidroalcoólico da PlantaPlectranthus ornatus Codd (Boldo Chinês) / Determination of the antimicrobial activity in the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant Plectranthus ornatus Codd (Bilberry Chinese)

A planta Plectranthus ornatus Codd é originária dos países do Mediterrâneo e Oriente Próximo. Na medicina popular é indicada para males do fígado e problemas de digestão. É utilizada no tratamento para o controle da gastrite, na dispepsia, azia, mal-estar gástrico e ressaca. Este trabalho objetiva a avaliação antimicrobiana do extrato de P. ornatus, utilizando-se 15 microrganismos padronizados. Os testes antimicrobianos foram realizados em ágar Mueller Hinton pela técnica de poços. Foram utilizados os testes de microdiluição em caldo, para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e semeadura, em placas contendo ágar Mueller Hinton para a concentração microbicida mínima (CMM). Os testes de microdiluição em caldo demonstraram que o extrato nas concentrações de 20,31; 325 e 650 mg/mL inibiu o crescimento bacterianode Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes e Enterococcus faecalis, respectivamente. Para o fungo Saccharomyces cerevisiae os testes de microdiluição demonstraram inibi- ção do crescimento na concentração de 1.300 mg/mL. Para as demais cepas testadas, o extrato não demonstrou atividade. Em decorrência da crescente resistência múltipla microbiana aos antibióticos, pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentosque sejam economicamente viáveis e com margem de segurança efetiva têm ganhado espaço na comunidade científica.

Plectranthus ornatus Codd is a plant from Mediterranean and Near East countries. It is indicated for liver illnesses and digestion problems in popular medicine. It is used in the treatment for the control of gastritis, dyspepsia, heartburn, gastric discomfort, and hangover. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in extracts of P. ornatus using 15 standardized micro-organisms. Antimicrobial tests were performed on Mueller Hinton agar through the technique of wells. Broth microdilution tests were used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and seeding on plates containing Mueller Hinton agar for the determination of the minimum microbicide concentration (MMC). The broth microdilution tests demonstrated that the extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis at the concentrations of 20.31, 325, and 650 mg/mL, respectively. The microdilution tests showed growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration of 1,300 mg/mL. The extract did not show inhibitory activity on the other tested strains. As a result of increased multiple resistances to antibiotics,microbial research in the development of new drugs that are economically viable and offer an effective safety margin have won space in the scientific community.

Analysis on Package Inserts for 75 Kinds of Commonly Used Anti- infective Agents for Injection in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the integrity of package insert for 75 kinds of commonly used antiinfective agents for injection in our hospital and to provide reference for rational use of antiinfective agents for injection. METHODS:According to Drug Description Specification and Management Regulation for Drug Description and Label,the terms included in package insert for antiinfective agents for injection were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The package inserts for 75 kinds of antiinfective agents for injection were enrolled. The proportion of integral items were high while that of some terms related to clinic were low such as dosage and usage,medication for children,over dosage and skin test. The descriptions of PK,pharmacology,toxicdogy, ADR,et al. were very simple and different. CONCLUSION:It is suggested that items about over dosage and medication for special population should be detailed as well as usage so that package insert can guide rational use of drugs in the clinic.