Phenolic compounds from Virola venosa (Myristicaceae) and evaluation of their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potential / Compostos fenólicos de Virola venosa (Myristicaceae) e avaliação de seu potencial antioxidante e de inibição enzimática

Virola venosa, popularly known in Brazil as ucuuba-da-mata, occurs naturally in the Amazon region and has potential to provide useful natural compounds, as already known for other Virola species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of bark and leaf extracts of V. venosa, and to test the antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of their compounds. Polar extracts showed to be more active in both assays, therefore a bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed to identify the compounds that were responsible for the recorded activities. Using a combination of LC-MS/MS analysis and isolation with NMR identification, eight phenolic compounds were identified. Assays with pure compounds of the active fraction revealed that ferulic acid was the main contributor compound to the observed bioactivity in the crude extracts. (AU)

Virola venosa, popularmente conhecida como ucuuba-da-mata, ocorre naturalmente na região amazônica e tem potencial para fornecer compostos naturais úteis, como já foi mostrado para outras espécies de Virola. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a composição química dos extratos do tronco e das folhas de V. venosa e os possíveis potenciais antioxidantes e de inibição contra α-glucosidase de seus compostos. Os extratos polares mostraram-se mais ativos em ambos os testes, portanto, um fracionamento guiado por bioatividade foi realizado para designar os compostos responsáveis pelas atividades registradas. Através da combinação de análise CL-EM/EM e isolamento com identificação por RMN, foram identificados oito compostos fenólicos. Testes com os compostos puros principais das frações mais ativas indicaram o ácido ferúlico como o principal contribuinte das atividades biológicas observadas para os extratos brutos, e, consequentemente, o princípio ativo principal de V. venosa.(AU)

Synthesis and DPPH scavenging assay of reserpine analogues, computational studies and in silico docking studies in AChE and BChE responsible for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fast growing neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system and anti-oxidants can be used to help suppress the oxidative stress caused by the free radicals that are responsible for AD. A series of selected synthetic indole derivatives were biologically evaluated to identify potent new antioxidants. Most of the evaluated compounds showed significant to modest antioxidant properties (IC50 value 399.07 140.0±50 µM). Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies were carried out on the compounds and their corresponding free radicals. Differences in the energy of the parent compounds and their corresponding free radicals provided a good justification for the trend found in their IC50 values. In silico, docking of compounds into the proteins acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which are well known for contributing in AD disease, was also performed to predict anti-AD potential.

A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativado sistema nervoso central, em rápido crescimento, e antioxidantes ajudam a suprimir o estresse oxidativo causado por radicais livres, responsávies pela DA. Avaliou-se, biologicamente, série de derivados sintéticos de indol selecionados para identificar novos antioxidantes. A maioria dos compostos avaliados apresentou de significativa a boa propriedade antioxidante (valor de IC50 399,07140.0 ± 50 µM). Eftuaram-se estudos de Teoria do Funcional de Densidade (DFT) com os compostos e os seus correspondentes radicais livres. As diferenças de energia entre os compostos protótipos e os radicais livres correspondentes proporcionaram boa justificativa para a tendência encontrada nos seus valores de IC50. O ancoramento in silico dos compostos com a acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e com a butirilcolinesterase (BChE), que contribuem para a DA, foi, também, realizado para prever o seu potencial anti-DA.

Efecto de la ingesta de dietas con tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav) Sendtn) en los lípidos sanguíneos de ratas / Effect of dietary intake of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav) Sendtn) on blood lipids in rats

Consumption of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum ) and tree tomato ( Cyphomandra betacea ) is interesting for its nutritional composition and content of antioxidant compounds. This research evaluated the effect of diets intake with tomatoes on blood lipids in rats. First, fatty acids were determined in tomato seeds. Subsequently, rats (Sprague-Dawley, 6 females per group , 2 months old and weight 160 g) were fed with basal diet (AIN-93M) supplemented with 10% tomato and tomato tree at the expense of starch for 5 weeks. Efficiency and diet digestibility were calculated. Triglycerides (plasma), total cholesterol (serum), HDL (plasma) were measured and LDL was calculated. Results showed that seeds of C. betacea 7% had more polyunsaturated fatty acids than L. esculentum. Consumption of diets with both fruits decreased triglycerides and LDL and increased HDL. The results indicate the importance of encouraging the consumption of these fruits as a contribution to the prevention of some chronic diseases.

El consumo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) resulta de interés por su composición nutricional y contenido de compuestos antioxidantes. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la ingesta de dietas con tomates en los lípidos sanguíneos de ratas. Primero, se determinaron los ácidos grasos en semillas de tomates. Posteriormente, a ratas (Sprague-Dawley, 6 hembras por grupo, 2 meses de edad y peso 160 g), se les suministró dieta basal (AIN- 93M), dietas suplementadas con 10% de tomate y de tomate de árbol a expensas del almidón, durante 5 semanas. Se calculó la eficiencia y digestibilidad de la dieta. Se midieron los triglicéridos (plasma), colesterol total (suero), HDL (plasma) y LDL calculado. Resultados indicaron 7% más de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en semillas de C. betacea respecto a L. esculentum. El consumo de dietas con ambos frutos disminuyó los triglicéridos y LDL y aumentó el HDL. Los resultados señalan la importancia de incentivar el consumo de ambos frutos como una contribución a la prevención de algunas enfermedades crónicas.

Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium

The aim of this work was to study the production of compounds with antioxidant activity by Pycnoporus sanguineus when cultivated in submerged fermentation using a potato dextrose broth plus peptone medium. The study evaluated the biomass production, glucose consumption, variation of medium pH and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential was tested through the DPPH method and β-carotene / linoleic acid system with extracts obtained from the mycelium at different times of cultivation (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days). Maximum kinetic values of specific growth rate (0.289 day-1), biomass productivity (0.698 g.L-1.day-1) and the yield of glucose conversion into biomass (26.24 g.g-1) were obtained during the exponential growth phase. The highest antioxidant activity was registered during the stationary phase, with a similar potential as the synthetic antioxidant BHT, in the extracts obtained at 30 days of cultivation.