Avaliação integrada da qualidade de águas superficiais: grau de trofia e proteção da vida aquática nos rios Anil e Bacanga, São Luís (MA) / Integrated assessment of the surface water quality: trophic state and protection of aquatic life in the Anil and Bacanga rivers, São Luís (MA)

Este trabalho propõe dois índices para avaliação da qualidade das águas superficiais onde predomina o esgoto doméstico ou fonte de poluição similar: o Índice do Estado Trófico (IETp) e o Índice de Proteção à Vida Aquática (IQApva). Ambos foram aplicados nas águas dos rios Anil e Bacanga, localizados na Ilha do Maranhão. Embora a qualidade geral das águas indique presença humana, o Rio Anil destaca-se por seu alto nível trófico e más condições para a vida aquática. Os resultados da aplicação desses índices permitem, de modo simples, avaliar o estado de degradação do corpo aquático. Por estarem ligados diretamente às condições de saneamento básico, esses índices constituem ferramenta gerencial importante para os agentes governamentais e não governamentais.

This work proposes two indexes to assess the quality of surface waters where domestic sewage or similar pollution source prevails: the Trophic State Index (IETP) and the index for protection of aquatic life (IQApva). Both were applied to Anil and Bacanga rivers located on Maranhão Island. Although the general quality of the water indicates human presence, the Anil River stands out by its high trophic level and poor conditions for aquatic life. The results of applying these indexes allow easily assess of the degradation state of the ecosystem. By being connected directly to basic sanitation, these indices are an important management tool for governmental and non-governmental stakeholders.

Main Sources Analysis of Dioxins Pollution in Fishes by Principal Component Analysis / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To analyze the main sources of dioxins pollution in fishes samples. Methods The principal components analysis was employed to identify different dioxin emission sources data and to analyze the environmental and aquatic samples. The Principal Component Analysis seems to be a powerful tool for source identification with the ratio of each concentration of the 2,3,7,8-subtituted congener to the concentration of the total 2,3,7,8-subtituted congeners. Results The result obtained from Principal Component Analysis showed that there were different dioxin compositions between chemical emission sources and other emission sources. Conclusion The pollution sources of PCDD and PCDF polluted aquatic life from different countries,regions are not the same.