Determination of six arsenic species in human urine by HPLC-ICP-MS / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo establish an High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS） method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine，including arseniccholine （AsC）， arsenobetaine （AsB）， arsenite （As3+）， dimethylarsinic acid （DMA5+）， monomethylarsonic acid （MMA5+）， and arsenate （As5+）. MethodsThe pH value of mobile phase and the content of anhydrous ethanol were optimized. Ammonium carbonate （50 mmol·L-1， containing 2% anhydrous ethanol， pH-8.5） mobile phase was selected. Cl- interference was eliminated by He mode. The arsenic species in 10-fold diluted human urine samples were separated by an Hamilton PRP X-100 anionic column. A method for the determination of six arsenic species was established. ResultsSix arsenic species could be separated in 13 minutes. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.10‒0.20 μg·L-1， and the limits of quantification were 0.30‒0.50 μg·L-1. Precision experiments showed that RSD ranged from 5.96% to 9.07% when adding concentration 0.20 μg·L-1； from 2.48% to 6.38% when adding concentration 2.00 μg·L-1； and from 1.41% to 2.57% when adding concentration 5.00 μg·L-1. Accuracy test showed that the recoveries were 80%‒125%. ConclusionThe established HPLC-ICP-MS method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine is rapid， accurate and sensitive. It can be applied to the determination of arsenic species in human urine.

Physicochemical Characteristics Of Rasamanikya-An Ayurvedic Arsenical Formulation

Objective: The objective of this study was standardization and Chemical characterization of rasamanikya prepared as per standard operating procedures (SOP) mentioned in the classical text. Methods: Rasamanikya was prepared by putting churnodaka shodhita haratala (Orpiment-As2S3) between two abhraka (white mica) sheets which are heated for a while to obtain a red colored finished product. The Ayurvedic specifications for the analysis of rasamanikya were performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis. Physicochemical analysis, assay of elements by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were carried out and some other tests such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (EDAX) were also performed to ensure the quality of the drug. Results: In the finished drug Arsenic and Sulphur are present in the form of As4S4, As2S3, As2S5. On the basis of XPS survey scans, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (SEM-EDAX) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur (CHNS) analysis the Arsenic to Sulphur (As to S) ratio is thus standardized as 39-47: 53-61. In addition to this powder, XRD shows a major conversion into an amorphous phase. Conclusion: The results could be used to lay down a new set of pharmacopoeial standards for the preparation of rasamanikya for getting optimal efficacy of medicine. Therefore, the information will help the Scientists and Researchers to build comprehensive standards, to screen the compounds responsible for different bioactivities, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action.

Current status and progress of the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special type of acute leukemia. The cure rate of APL has been significantly improved in the past decades due to the use of anthracyclines, all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic. Modern stratified treatment of APL further enhances the therapeutic efficacy and reduces the treatment-related toxicity. This article reviews the history of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic into clinical application, and the characteristics of disease, treatment status of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic, treatment mechanism and drug resistance mechanism in APL are introduced.

Current status and progress of the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special type of acute leukemia. The cure rate of APL has been significantly improved in the past decades due to the use of anthracyclines, all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic. Modern stratified treatment of APL further enhances the therapeutic efficacy and reduces the treatment-related toxicity. This article reviews the history of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic into clinical application, and the characteristics of disease, treatment status of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic, treatment mechanism and drug resistance mechanism in APL are introduced.

Arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water and gastrointestinal fluids by HPLC-ICP-MS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets (traditional Chinese medicines) in water and gastrointestinal fluids by HPLC-ICP-MS, so as to quantitatively evaluate the arsenical toxicity of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets. METHODS: An HPLC-ICP-MS method for the determination of AsIII, AsV, MMA, DMA and the identification of AsB and AsC was established, and the arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water, gastric fluid, and intestinal fluid was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: The method validation indicated that the correlation coefficients (r) for As, As, MMA, and DMA were all over 0.9994, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were between 0.66 and 1.19 μg · L-1, the precisions and stabilities were satisfactory with all RS-Ds less than 5%, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 92.78% to 100.2%. The results of samples analysis showed that only inorganic arsenic (As and As) and trace amount of unknown arsenic speciation were detected, while MMA, DMA, AsB, and AsC were not found in any cases; highly toxic inorganic arsenic (As and As) were dominating arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water and gastrointestinal fluids. CONCLUSION: This method could be used for the arsenic speciation analysis of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water and gastrointestinal fluids.

The effect of amifostine on Survivin expression in HL-60 cells in vitro / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To explore the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide and amifostine in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines HL-60 in vitro.Methods HL-60 cells were treated with different concentrations of arsenic trioxide alone and combined with amifostine.The inhibitory ratio of the ceils were measured by MTT assay.and the expression of Survivin Was detected by semiquantitate RT-PCR.Results Proliferation of HL-60 cells exposed to arsenic trioxide dwpped down with increasing dose of the dmg and this effect Was significantly hisher when arsenic trioxide Was used in combination with amifostine.Furthermore.there was a more significant decrease in Survivin expression in HL-60 cells treated with arsenic trioxide in combination with amifostine as compared to the cells treated only with arsenic trioxide.Conclusion Arsenic trioxide induced HL-60 cells to undergo apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Survivin. Amifostine enhanced the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to arsenic trioxide by downregulating the expression of Survivin,thus promoting apoptosis effect.

Clinical Evaluation of Arsenical Keratosis / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Arsenics have been used for various medical purposes. These arsenics can cause different kinds of cutaneous and internal malignancies. The arsenic-induced malignancies can be fatal or cause severe morbidity. OBJECTIVE: For early detection and prevention of the arsenic-induced malignancies, the authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of arsenic-induced skin diseases. METHODS: Medical records of 15 patients(10 males, 5 females) with arsenical keratosis(AK) during a period from September 1994 to October 1999 were reviewed. Interview, physical examinations, skin biopsy, and laboratory tests were performed. RESULTS: 14 patients used Korean proprietary pills(KPP, "Hwan-Yak"), which were suspected to contain certain amount of arsenics, as a drug for treatment of certain diseases such as vitiligo(4 patients, 26.7%), laceration, syphilis, etc. The other formulation of medication was Salvarsan injection. Age at KPP or Salvarasan medication was from seven to thirty-five years old. Duration of medication was from one month to four years. Bowen's disease(BD), squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and basal cell carcinoma(BCC) were detected in ten(66.7%), three(20%) and one(6.7%) patients, respectively. One(6.7%) patient had lung cancer. Sites of predilection were palmoplantar area(100%) for AK, trunk(60%) for BD and lower extremities(45%) for SCC and BCC. CONCLUSION: Chronic exposure to arsenic can induce the cutaneous and systemic malignancies. To prevent these malignancies, strict managements and supervising programs on certain arsenic-containing drugs(probably KPPs) are required, and regular cutaneous and systemic examinations for the patients with AK should be performed.

A Case of Multiple Bowen's Disease Accompanied with Arsenical Keratosis and Squamous-Cell Lung Cancer / 대한피부과학회지

Bowen's disease is well known that it can be associated with visceral malignancy. However, the relationship of Bowen's disease to internal malignancy remains controversial. We report a case of a 51-year-old male with multiple Bowen's diseases accompanied with arsenical keratosis and squamous-cell lung cancer.

Influence of arsenic bisulfide on the expression of HSP70 in K_(562)/ADM cell / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:To study the expression of membrane protein HSP70 of K 562 /ADM cell using arsenic bisulfide(As 2S 2) treatment Methods:Membrane HSP70 and apoptosis of K 562 and multidrug resistant K 562 /ADM cell were studied by flow cytometry assay and RT PCR Results:Membrane HSP70 of K 562 and K 562 /ADM cell gradually increased from 12 to 24 hours with arsenic bisulfide treatment, and had higher expression at the level of HSP70mRNA Expression of membrane HSP70 and apoptosis of K 562 /ADM was higher than that of K 562 Conclusions:Arsenic bisulfide treatment can increase expression of membrane HSP70 of K 562 /ADM and K 562 cells.The change of membrane HSP70 is probably related to K 562 /ADM cell apoptosis