Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Respiratory Diseases in Mosul City

@#Introduction: Chronic non-communicable respiratory diseases (CNCRDs) encompass a group of conditions affecting the airways and lung structures, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cystic fibrosis. CNCRDs pose a significant global health challenge, resulting in approximately four million deaths annually. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with CNCRDs and measure trends in the prevalence of these risk factors over time. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using data collected from primary health centers on both sides of Mosul City. The study period extended from January 1 to July 31, 2022, with information obtained from (40) primary health centers, consisting of (20) centers on the right side and (20) centers on the left side of Mosul. Results: In 2021, the City of Mosul recorded a total of 13,005 registered cases, with 5,598 cases being attributed to asthma (43%), and 7,347 cases being associated with COPD (57%). Bronchial asthma constituted 43% of cases, with 5598 patients, and the highest incidence occurred in the age group between 20-44 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of bronchial asthma and COPD among patients with CNCRDs in Mosul is alarmingly high. It emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive policies and strategies targeting modifiable risk factors for these respiratory conditions.

Prevalencia de síntomas de asma en niños expuestos a ceniza volcánica / Asthma Prevalence among Children Exposed to Volcanic Ashes

Introducción: Las erupciones volcánicas tienen diversos impactos sobre la salud de la población expuesta y el sistema respiratorio es uno de los más afectados debido a la inhalación de los productos volatilizados. Estudios experimentales en ratones demostraron que la exposición crónica a ceniza volcánica de la erupción del complejo Puyehue-Caulle se asoció con respuesta inflamatoria de la vía aérea. A la fecha, no se ha reportado el impacto sobre la salud respiratoria de los niños expuestos a este evento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de asma en niños 2 años después de la erupción del complejo Puyehue-Caulle. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en niños de 13 y 14 años asistentes a 11 colegios secundarios de la Ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro. Se encuestaron usando los cuestionarios ISAAC, y se realizaron mediciones de espirometría y monóxido de carbono en aire espirado a cada uno de los sujetos. Resultados: Se encuestaron 303 sujetos, 56% fueron varones y 47% asistían a escuelas del sector público. El 12,8 % reportaron ser fumadores activos. El cuestionario ISAAC más video-cuestionario reportó 27% de sibilancias alguna vez en la vida y 14% de sibilancias en el último año. El análisis de las espirometrías mostró 1% de la muestra con patrón obstructivo. Conclusiones: En una muestra de niños residentes de una ciudad con alto nivel de exposición a ceniza volcánica se observó una alta prevalencia de síntomas de asma, los mismos fueron significativamente más prevalentes que en estudio previo realizado en esa ciudad.

Background: Volcanic eruptions have different health impacts on exposed population and the respiratory system is one of the most affected due to the inhalation of volatilized products. Experimental studies in guinea pigs showed that chronic exposure to volcanic ash from the eruption of the Puyehue-Caulle complex is associated with inflammatory airway response. To date, it has not been reported respiratory health impact of children exposed to this. Objective: To determine children´s asthma symptoms prevalence 2 years after Puyehue-Caulle complex´s eruption. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 13 and 14 years old children attending 11 secondary schools in San Carlos de Bariloche City, Rio Negro. They were surveyed with ISAAC´s questionnaires and spirometry and carbon monoxide in exhaled air measurements were performed to each subject. Results: 303 subjects were surveyed, 56% were male and 47% belonged to public schools. 12,8% were active tobacco smokers, 27% had wheezing sometime in the life and 14% had wheezes in the last year (based on ISAAC questionnaire). Only 1% of the spirometry had airway obstruction. Conclusions: The prevalence of last year asthma symptoms increased compared with a previous study.

Prevalence of asthma among Filipino adults based on the National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHeS)

BACKGROUND: Prevalence surveys are important to aid in assessing the current burden of diseases, which will impact on the public health agenda as well as preventive interventions and health policies. Three previous local surveys on asthma prevalence of Filipino adults have been carried out. This is the fourth local survey and is also a part of the second NNHeS study, which is carried out every five years. The purpose of the survey is to determine the trend in asthma prevalence and to aid in formulating and evaluating local initiatives.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma among Filipino adultsMETHODOLOGY: Using a multi-staged cluster sampling methodology, this study evaluated 7,202 adults at least 20 years old, from 3,744 households, 79 provinces and 17 regions. A pre-validated written questionnaire for wheezing among children based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies of Childhood (ISAAC) was used as the survey instrument. This instrument was adopted since it has been widely used as a case definition for asthma, which allows for comparison of prevalence outcomes across time and population.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of asthma based on wheezing for the past 12 months was 8.7% (SE 0.4%). Males had a higher prevalence of wheezing for the past 12 months at 9.4% (SE 0.5%) compared to females at 8.2% (SE 0.5%). The overall prevalence of asthma based on wheezing at any time was 14.3% (SE 0.5%). Males had a higher prevalence of wheezing at any time of 14.8% (SE 0.7%) compared to females at 13.8% (SE 0.6%). The prevalence of adult asthma in the rural area was slightly higher than in the urban area (15.3% vs 13.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of adult asthma in the Philippine based on the second NHHeS is 8.7%. This figure is lower than previous reported local prevalence data. The prevalence of adult asthma in the rural and urban setting is almost similar.

Comparación de la prevalencia de síntomas de asma en escolares de trece y catorce años en un distrito rural y otro urbano / Comparison of the prevalence of asthma symptoms in thirteen and fourteen schoolchildren in a rural and urban district

Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de los síntomas relacionados al asma en niños escolares de trece y catorce años de una distrito rural y otro urbano (Végueta y Huacho respectivamente) Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, prospectivo, de corte transversal y descriptivo el cual fue ejecutado entre marzo y octubre del 2010 en un distrito rural y uno urbano, con una población de 756 y 3662 escolares siendo la muestra de 330 y 685 niños entre trece y catorce años respectivamente; el instrumento utilizado fue una adaptación del video-cuestionario ISAAC - Fase I, aplicado previo consentimiento informado. Se comparó ambas prevalencias estimadas mediante la prueba Z, y se utilizó la prueba de x2 para valorar las diferencias con significado estadístico. Para la representación y análisis de los resultados se usaron los programas estadísticos Epidat v3.1 y SPSS v17.0. Resultados: Se halló una prevalencia de 7,6% para el distrito rural y de 14,2% para el distrito urbano, resultando de la prueba Z un valor de 2,95 con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. En el análisis bivariado no se encontró asociación con la variable género (p>0,05), pero sí con la zona de procedencia (p<0,05) (OR=1,97 IC 95% 1,22 ­ 3,18), y con el tipo de colegio (p<0,05) (OR=3,63 IC 95% 2,30­5,71) Conclusión: Se concluye que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las prevalencias de los distritos rural y urbano estudiados, siendo la zona de procedencia y el tipo de colegio factores asociados a este hallazgo.(AU)

Objective: To compare the prevalence of symptoms related to asthma in school children of 13 and 14 years of a rural and an urban district (Végueta and Huacho respectively) Materials and methods: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out between March and October 2010 in a rural and an urban district, with a population of 756 and 3662 being the sample school 330 and 685 children between 13 and 14 years respectively, the instrument used was an adaptation of the ISAAC video questionnaire - Phase I, applied after informed consent. Both estimated prevalence were compared using the Z test, and chi-square test used to evaluate differences with statistical significance. For the representation and analysis of the results it was used the statistical programs SPSS v17.0 and Epidat v3.1. Results: We found a prevalence of 7.6% for the rural district and 14.2% for the urban district, resulting from the Z test a 2.95 value with a confidence interval of 95%. In bivariate analysis, no association was found with the gender variable (p> 0.05) but it was with the zone of provenance, (p <0.05) (OR = 1.97 95% CI 1.22 - 3.18), and the type of school (p <0.05) (OR = 3.63 95% CI 2.30 - 5.71). Conclusion: We conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the prevalence of rural and urban districts studied, with the zone of provenance and the type of school being factors associated with this finding.(AU)

Prevalencia de asma y enfermedades atópicas en niños de Panamá. Estudio Nacional de Asma y Atopia en niños (ISAAC) fase III

Objetivo: Describir comparativamente la prevalencia del asma y enfermedades atómicas basado en el estudio ISAAC FASE 1 y FASE 111 en niños de 6-7 años y 13-14 años de edad en la República de Panamá Metodología : Se seleccionaron al azar 35 escuelas y colegios en la provincia de Panamá, Herrera, Chiriquí y Veraguas, de la República de Panamá. La información se obtuvo por un cuestionario elaborado usando el protocolo del Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergia en la niñez (ISAAC). Todos los cuestionarios fueron revisados y los datos fueron transferidos a una base de datos en Epi-Info 6.0 , usando el formato y la codificación de ISAAC. El análisis estadístico de los resultados se efectuó obteniendo las frecuencias de las variables y aplicando la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 6155 niños de dos grupos etareos ,de 6-7 años (2941) y de 13 -14 años (3214). La prevalencia del asma en la República de Panamá puede estimarse en niños escolares de 6 a 7 años en 22.7% y de 13-14 años en 22.9% con una prevalencia general de 22.8% (p<0.001). La prevalencia de enfermedades atópicas relacionadas a asma se estimó en 52.6% para la rinitis, conjuntivitis 30.2% y eczema en 27.4% Conclusión: La prevalencia de asma en la República de Panamá comparando los resultados del estudio ISAAC 1997 y 2003 es de 22.8% en niños de 6-7 años y de 20% en niños de 13-14 años.

Objectives: Define the prevalence of asthma and atopic diseases in children 6-7 years and 13-14 years of age in the Republic of Panama according to ISAAC protocols FASE 1 and FASE 111 studies. Material and Methods: We randomly selected 35 elementary schools and junior high schools in the province of Panama, Herrera, Chiriquí and Veraguas of the Republic of Panama. The information was gotten by a questionnaire using the protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC). All questionnaires were reviewed and the data were transferred to a database in Epi-Info 6.0, using the format and the ISAAC code. The Statistical analysis of the results was made obtaining the frequencies of the variables and applying the chi-square test. Results: A total of 6155 children from two age groups, aged 6-7 years (2941) and 13-14 years (3214) were studied. The prevalence of asthma in the Republic of Panama can be estimated in school children from 6 to 7 years in 22.7% and 13-14 years in 22.9% (p<0.001)with a general prevalence of 22.8% (p <0.001). The prevalence of atopic diseases related to asthma was estimated at 52.6% (p<0.001)for rhinitis, conjunctivitis 30.2% and eczema in 27.4%(p<0.001) Conclusion: The data gotten in this study demonstrate a high prevalence of asthma in the Republic of Panama. These data be used in order to evaluate the present and future behavior of these diseases in Panama, and most call attention on the necessity of taking specific measurements for their prevention and management.

Asthma prevalence among high school students in East Jakarta, 2001, based on ISAAC questionnaire.

The aim of this study was to assess asthma prevalence in children between 13-14 years of age in East Jakarta. This study is a cross sectional study which surveyed 2234 high school students between the ages of 13 and 14 years in East Jakarta in 2001 using the ISAAC questionnaire. Bronchial challenge test was applied by using methacholine substance to 186 students. Reports based on the ISAAC questionnaire indicate that 7.2% of teenage have had wheezing experience, 4.1% have wheezing within the last 12 months, 1.8% have ever suffered severe asthma attack within the last 12 months, 3.3% have suffered wheezing after exercise, and 6.3% have got night cough while they were not suffering from cold. Prevalence of atopy diseases such as rhinitis and eczema were 14.2% and 3.9%, meanwhile rhinitis and eczema prevalence within the last 12 months according to this study were 10.6% and 2.9% respectively. Statistically, there is a significant correlation between wheezing symptom and atopy (p < 0.05). From indepth questionnaire, a significant value of kappa 0.84 related with wheezing within the last 12 months was found. Bronchial challenge test results indicate that sensitivity was 90%, specificity 83.58%, positive predictive value 68.12% and negative predictive value was 95.73%. Asthma prevalence in East Jakarta at 2001 based on ISAAC questionnaire was 8.9%, and cumulative prevalence 11.5%. The ISAAC questionnaire can be used to study asthma prevalence in children at multicenter in Indonesia.