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Objective To evaluate the left atrial(LA) and right atrial(RA) volumes and functions of fetuses in second and late trimester by using atrial volume tracking (AVT).Methods One hundred and seventy-six fetuses were enrolled in this study.Using AVT,the maximal and minimal volumes of RA and LA were measured from time-atrial volume tracking curves.RA and LA ejection fraction (RAEF and LAEF) derived from the value of atrial maximal volumes(LAVmax,RAVmax) subtracted atrial minimal volumes (LAVmin,RAVmin) and divided by LAVmax or RAVmax.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between LAVmax,RAVmax,LAVmin,RAVmin,LAEF,RAEF and gestational ages.Results For all normal cases,the volumes of LA and RA were closely correlated with gestational weeks(r =0.80,0.85,0.83,0.82,P ＜0.001).The volume of LA was significantly smaller than that of RA (P ＜0.01).The RAEF and LAEF remained stable with advancing gestational age and there was no significantly difference between RAEF and LAEF (P ＞0.05).Conclusions This study establishes normal reference values for fetal RA and LA volumes during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.The volumes of RA and LA are correlated with gestational weeks,and the volume of RA is bigger than that of LA.RAEF and LAEF are uncorrelated with gestational weeks,and there's no difference between RVEF and LAEF.
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Objective To probe into the application of left atrial volume tracking technique(LAVT)on the evaluation of right atrial function in patients with pulmonary hypertension.Methods Forty-one patients with pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary hypertension group) and 37 control subjects (control group) were involved.Right atrial maximal volume (RAVmax),right atrial presystolic volume(RAVpre),right atrial minimal volume (RAVmax),systolic right atrial filling rate (dv/dtS),early diastolic right atrial emptying rate(dv/dtE) and late diastolic right atrial emptying rate(dv/dtA) was derived by LAVT.Right atrial passive emptying volume (RAVp),right atrial passive emptying fraction (RAVpEF),right atrial active emptying volume (RAVa),right atrial active emptying fraction (RAVaEF),right atrial total emptying volume (RAVt)and right atrial total emptying fraction (RAVtEF) was calculated.All the right atrial volume parameter was corrected by body surface area to obtain right atrial volume index (RAVI).Results RAVImax,RAVImin,RAVIpre,RAVIt,RAVIa,dv/dtS and dv/dtA in pulmonary hypertension group was higher than that in control group [(78.39 ± 49.35) ml/m2 vs.(24.80 ± 11.91) ml/m2,(62.59 ± 46.56) ml/m2vs.(17.46 ± 8.40)ml/m2,(70.12 ± 48.03) ml/m2 vs.(20.02 ± 9.46) ml/m2,(18.77 ± 11.47) ml/m2 vs.(9.35 ± 6.74) ml/m2,(8.53 ± 9.81) ml/m2 vs.(3.25 ± 3.00) ml/m2,(145.85 ± 80.56) ml/s vs.(86.44 ± 48.46) ml/s,(155.63 ±126.47) ml/s vs.(67.74 ± 33.27) ml/s],and RAVIp in pulmonary hypertension group was lower than that in control group [(6.09 ± 5.16) ml/m2 vs.(10.23 ± 11.12) ml/m2],and there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).But there were no significant differences in RAVItEF,RAVIpEF,RAVIaEF and dv/dtE between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with pulmonary hypertension,right atrial booster pump function and reservoir function increases,while right atrial conduit function decreases.LAVT has a potential ability to evaluate right atrial function.
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Objective To probe into the clinical value of left atrial(LA) volme tracking method (LAVT) on the assessment of left atrial function in patients with hypertension. Methods Thirty-one patients with hypertension and 31 control subjects were involved. Images of apical two-chamber and four-chamber views were obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography. LA maximal volume (LAVmax), LA minimal volume (LAVmin), LA presystolic volume (LAVpre), systolic LA filling rate (dv/dtS), early diastolic LA emptying rate (dv/dtE) and late diastolic LA emptying rate (dv/dtA) were derived using LAVT. LA passive emptying volume(LAVp), LA passive emptying fraction(LAVpEF), LA active emptying volume(LAVa), LA active emptying fraction (LAVaEF), LA total emptying volume (LAVt), LA total emptying fraction(LAVtEF) were calculated. All volume measurements were corrected to body surface area (LAVI). Results There were significant differences in the LAVImax, LAVImin, LAVIpre, LAVpEF, LAVIa, LAVIt,dv/dtS, dv/dtA between hypertensive patients and control subjects(P <0.05~0.001), but no significant differences were found in the LAVp, LAVaEF, LAVtEF,dv/dtE between the two groups. The LAVImax has shown significant positive correlation with LAVIp, LAVIa and LAVIt(r = 0.588~0.812, P <0.001). LAVaEF has shown positive correlation with the LAVtEF(r = 0.833, P<0.001), whereas LAVpEF has not(r = 0.420, P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation with LAVImax and LAVIpre(r = 0.908, P <0.001), LAVIpre and LAVIa(r = 0.689, P <0.001) ,dv/dtE and LAVIp(r = 0.690, P <0.001),dv/dtA and LAVIa(r = 0.600, P <0.001). Conclusions In hypertensive patients,left atrial reservoir function and booster pump function increase, while left atrial conduit function decreases. LAVT has a potential ability to evaluate left atrial function.