Atitudes em Relação às Pessoas com Deficiência: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura / Attitudes Towards People with Disabilities: a Systematic Literature Review

RESUMO: A área de investigação do turismo acessível (TA) apresenta uma tendência de crescimento. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos foca-se na acessibilidade física, havendo poucos que analisem as atitudes dos estudantes e profissionais desse setor relativamente às pessoas com deficiência (PcD). Assim sendo, esta revisão tem como objetivo analisar os trabalhos efetuados em outras áreas científicas sobre as atitudes relativamente às PcD. Pretende-se mapear metodologias, instrumentos de medição e principais variáveis e fatores associados às atitudes, para promover a sua inclusão na sociedade. Realizaram-se pesquisas na Scopus, tendo-se obtido 492 registos. Destes, foram selecionados 96 artigos para análise. Os resultados evidenciam que a avaliação das atitudes relativamente às PcD é uma temática de grande relevância em várias áreas científicas. Os estudos utilizam diversos instrumentos para medir essas atitudes. As experiências anteriores, qualidade e frequência do contato com PcD e conhecimento acerca da deficiência têm influência nas atitudes. Contudo, os resultados divergem na influência do perfil sociodemográfico nas atitudes face às PcD. Existe tendência para o recurso a metodologias quantitativas utilizando, como instrumento de recolha de dados, o questionário. O artigo termina identificando áreas de investigação relevantes para o aumento do conhecimento dos fatores que influenciam essas atitudes e, consequentemente, para o desenvolvimento do TA.

ABSTRACT: The investigation area of accessible tourism (AT) has a growing trend. However, most studies focus on physical accessibility, and only a few analyse the attitudes of students and professionals in this sector towards people with disabilities (PwD). This review aims to analyse the work carried out in other scientific areas on attitudes towards PwD. It is intended to map methodologies, measurement instruments and main variables and factors related with attitudes, to promote their inclusion in society. Research was carried out at Scopus and 492 records were obtained. Of these, 96 articles were selected for analysis. Results show that the assessment of attitudes towards PwD is a topic of great relevance in several scientific areas. Studies use several instruments to measure these attitudes. Previous experiences, quality, and frequency of contact with PwD and knowledge about disability have an influence on attitudes. However, results differ in the influence of the sociodemographic profile on attitudes towards PwD. There is a trend towards the use of quantitative methodologies, using the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The article ends by identifying areas of research relevant to the increasing knowledge of the factors that influence these attitudes and, consequently, to the development of AT.

Actitudes hacia la labor profesional del psicólogo en Bogotá: un estudio descriptivo comparativo según el tiempo en terapia / Attitudes toward the psychologist professional work in Bogotá: a descriptive comparative study according to therapy time

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la actitud hacia la labor profesional del psicólogo en una muestra bogotana, según los tiempos de permanencia en terapia psicológica. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo con método de comparación de grupos. Se aplicó la escala de "actitudes" frente a la labor profesional del psicólogo a una muestra de 540 personas de nacionalidad colombiana, residentes en Bogotá. Se encontró una actitud neutra hacia la labor profesional del psicólogo, destacando una mejor actitud por parte de las mujeres en comparación con los hombres, asimismo, una actitud más favorable en los participantes que han asistido mayor tiempo a terapia psicológica, actitud que empeora tras los 6 meses.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to determine the attitude toward the psychologist professional work in a Bogotá sample, according to the psychological therapy's time. It has been made a descriptive study with a group comparative method, and the ¼Attitude toward the Psychologist Professional Work" was used in a scale to a Bogotá sample of 540 people. A neutral attitude was founded, toward the psychologist professional work, highlihting a better attitude of women in comparation with men's attitude. Nevertheless the most favorable attitude of the sample was from people who received psychological therapy for more time, attitude that gets worse after 6 months.

Evidence of factorial validity and accuracy of attitudes in mental health scale / Evidências de validade fatorial e precisão da escala de atitudes em saúde mental

Abstract This study gathered evidence of factorial validity and internal consistency of the Attitudes in Mental Health Scale. Two studies were performed. A total of 404 college students, including women (69.6%) with a mean age of 24 years (Standard Deviation = 5.67), participated in Study 1. A total of 396 college students, including females (69.9%) with a mean age of 23 years (Standard Deviation = 5.41), participated in Study 2. In the first study, an exploratory factorial analysis indicated the existence of two factors (biomedical paradigm, α = 0.71; psychosocial paradigm, α = 0.66) with a total of 15 items. In the second study, a confirmatory factorial analysis indicated that the bifactorial model that was proposed for the scale was adequate: χ²/df = 2.41, GFI = 0.93 and RMSEA = 0.06, 90%IC [0.05 - 0.07]. The results concluded that this measure can be adequately applied in studies in the proposed measurement context.

Resumo Esta pesquisa objetivou reunir evidências de validade fatorial e de consistência interna da Escala de Atitudes em Saúde Mental. Foram realizados dois estudos. No Estudo 1 participaram 404 universitários, a maioria do sexo feminino (69,6%), com idade média de 24 anos (Desvio-Padrão = 5,67). No Estudo 2 participaram 396 universitários, a maioria do sexo feminino (69,9%), com idade média de 23 anos (Desvio-Padrão = 5,41). No primeiro estudo, análises fatoriais exploratórias indicaram a existência de dois fatores (paradigma biomédico,  = 0,71; paradigma psicossocial,  = 0,66) com 15 itens no total. No segundo estudo, uma análise fatorial confirmatória indicou que o modelo bifatorial proposto para a escala era adequado: ²/df = 2,41, GFI = 0,93 e RMSEA = 0,06, 90%IC [0,05 - 0,07]. Concluiu-se que essa medida pode ser empregada adequadamente em pesquisas, no contexto de mensuração a que se propõe.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of illness Attitudes Scale / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To test the psychometric characteristics of the Chinese Version of the Illness Attitudes Scale(IAS-CV).Methods:Totally 297 patients (with somatoform disorders,major depressive disorder,generalized anxiety disorder,panic disorder,and obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed with ICD-10) and 212 normal people were assessed with IAS-CV,Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ and Beck Anxiety Inventory.Results:The confirmation factor analysis result of the nine-factor model of IAS-CV was x2/df=1.99,GFI =0.86,RMSEA =0.06.The total score of IAS-CV was correlated with BAI scores (r =0.45,P ＜0.01) and BDI-Ⅱ scores(r =0.42,P ＜0.01).Patients with somatoform disorders (62 ± 17) had higher scores than patients with other disorder,such as depression (43 ± 16),anxiety (46 ± 21),obsessive compulsive disorder (46 ± 15),and normal controls (35 ± 13).The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.91 for IAS-CV and 0.62-0.91 for each subscale.The test-retest coefficients were 0.95 for the total scale and 0.67-0.93 for each subscale (P ＜ 0.01).Split-half coefficient was 0.94.The cut-off score of IAS-CV for screening somatoform disorders was 44.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese Version of the Illness Attitudes Scale(IAS-CV) has good psychometric features and could be used in clinical practice and research in China.

Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Control Attitudes Scale-Revised / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To translate the English version of Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (CAS-R) into Chinese and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CAS-R in patients with heart disease.Methods Totally 125 patients with heart disease were recruited and were investigated by the Chinese version of CAS-R.Results The internal consistency coefficient of the Chinese version of CAS-R ranged from 0.735 to 0.862.Factor analysis got three factors,which explained 54.128％ of the total variance.Using BDI as an external criterion,the correlation coefficients of the CAS-R and BDI scores were-0.59.Pearson coefficient with three dimensions of BDI were-0.48、-0.51 and 0.42.Conclusions The Chinese version of CAS-R has been proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used as a valid tool for the measurement of perceived control in patients with heart disease.