Intervención nutricional orientada al control del proceso inflamatorio en pacientes con espondilitis enteropática

Introducción: La espondilitis enteropática es una enfermedad inflamatoria, sistémica y crónica que se caracteriza por afectar el aparato digestivo y el sistema osteomioarticular; el proceso inflamatorio genera manifestaciones clínicas que afectan la capacidad funcional y la percepción de calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de una intervención nutricional orientada al control del proceso inflamatorio en pacientes con espondilitis enteropática. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional y descriptiva longitudinal que incluyó como universo a 19 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de espondilitis enteropática atendidos en el Hospital Andino de Chimborazo en el periodo comprendido entre julio 2022 y julio 2023. La muestra quedó conformada por 17 pacientes. Se aplicó una intervención nutricional durante 10 meses que incluyó como elemento central la suplementación con alimentos ricos en probióticos según esquema definido por especialista en nutrición clínica. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 43,51 años, predominio del sexo femenino (64,70 %) y del tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad entre 5 y 10 años (58,82 %). Todos los marcadores de inflamación medidos durante el estudio mejoraron durante el seguimiento realizado a los pacientes; a los 9 meses se identificó aumento del porcentaje de pacientes con proteína C reactiva negativa y fibrinógeno y velocidad de sedimentación globular normal. Conclusiones: La intervención nutricional aplicada contribuye a mejorar los valores séricos de los marcadores de inflamación en los pacientes con diagnóstico de espondilitis enteropática.

Introduction: Enteropathic spondylitis is an inflammatory, systemic and chronic disease that is characterized by affecting the digestive system and the osteomyoarticular system; The inflammatory process generates clinical manifestations that affect the functional capacity and perception of quality of life of patients. Objective: To evaluate the results of a nutritional intervention aimed at controlling the inflammatory process in patients with enteropathic spondylitis. Methods: A longitudinal observational and descriptive investigation was carried out that included as a universe 19 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of enteropathic spondylitis treated at the Andino Hospital of Chimborazo in the period between July 2022 and July 2023. The sample was made up of 17 patients. A nutritional intervention was applied for 10 months that included as a central element supplementation with foods rich in probiotics according to a scheme defined by a clinical nutrition specialist. Results: Average age of 43.51 years, predominance of the female sex (64.70%) and duration of the disease between 5 and 10 years (58.82%). All inflammation markers measured during the study improved during the patients' follow-up; At 9 months, an increase in the percentage of patients with negative C-reactive protein and fibrinogen and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate was identified. Conclusions: The applied nutritional intervention contributed to improving serum values ​​of inflammation markers in patients diagnosed with enteropathic spondylitis.

Espondiloencondrodisplasia con desregulación inmune relacionada a ACP5. Reporte de cuatro casos / Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation related to ACP5. A report of 4 cases

La espondiloencondrodisplasia con desregulación inmune relacionada a ACP5 (SPENCDI #607944, por la sigla de spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation y el número que le corresponde en OMIM, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) es una displasia inmuno-ósea poco frecuente con manifestaciones heterogéneas y gravedad variable. Presenta lesiones espondilometafisarias, disfunción inmune y compromiso neurológico. Se reportan aspectos clínicos, radiológicos y genéticos de cuatro niñas con SPENCDI en un hospital pediátrico. Todas presentaron manifestaciones esqueléticas y tres de ellas enfermedad inmunológica grave. Se encontró en tres pacientes la variante probablemente patogénica c.791T>A; p.Met264Lys en homocigosis, y en una paciente las variantes c.791T>A; p.Met264Lys y c.632T>C; p.lle211Thr (variante de significado incierto con predicción patogénica según algoritmos bioinformáticos) en heterocigosis compuesta en ACP5. La presencia de la variante repetida c.791T>A sugiere la posibilidad de un ancestro en común en nuestra población. El reconocimiento y diagnóstico de esta entidad es importante para lograr un oportuno abordaje, que deberá ser multidisciplinario, orientado hacia la prevención de posibles complicaciones.

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation related to ACP5 (SPENCDI, OMIM number 607944) is an uncommon immune-skeletal dysplasia with heterogeneous manifestations and variable severity. It is characterized by spondylar and metaphyseal lesions, immune dysfunction, and neurological involvement. Here we report the clinical, radiological and genetic aspects of 4 girls with SPENCDI treated at a children's hospital. They all had skeletal manifestations and 3 developed severe immune disease. In 3 patients, the likely pathogenic variant c.791T>A; p.Met264Lys (homozygous mutation) was observed, while 1 patient had variants c.791T>A; p.Met264Lys and c.632T>C; p.lle211Thr (variant of uncertain significance with pathogenic prediction based on bioinformatics algorithms) caused by a compound heterozygous mutation in ACP5. The repeated presence of variant c.791T>A suggests the possibility of a common ancestor in our population. The recognition and diagnosis of this disorder is important to achieve a timely approach, which should be multidisciplinary and aimed at preventing possible complications.

Research progress of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases / 中国药科大学学报

@#Abstract: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, plays a central role in the activation of B cells and granulocytes, operating downstream of B cell and Fcγ receptors, and is considered an attractive target for treating autoimmune diseases. Preclinical investigations have demonstrated that inhibition of BTK activity holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory immune responses such as autoimmune diseases and allergies. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which BTK contributes to immune-related diseases and summarizes current research on the development of BTK inhibitors for treating these conditions, aiming to offer novel insights into non-oncology applications for BTK inhibitors.

Progress in discovery of RORγt inverse agonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases / 中国药科大学学报

@#Abstract: As a Th17 cell-specific transcription factor, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), can induce differentiation of Th17 cells and production of inflammatory factor IL-17, playing an important role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. RORγt inverse agonists have become a research hotspot in both academia and pharmaceutical companies around the world in recent years, with great development potential. A variety of skeletal structure types have been reported, including orthosteric and allosteric inverse agonists. In this paper, the structure and functions of RORγt are introduced, and RORγt inverse agonists in clinical and preclinical studies are reviewed in order to provide reference for further research and development of RORγt inverse agonists.

Advances in the SNPs of TNFAIP3 gene and autoimmune diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

The gene TNFAIP3 acts as a negative regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway. TNFAIP3 encodes the A20 protein，which exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. In recent years，TNFAIP3 has garnered significant attention as a susceptibility gene for numerous autoimmune diseases，including but not limited to systemic lupus erythematosus，rheumatoid arthritis，psoriasis. Additionally，high-penetrance heterozygous mutations in TNFAIP3 cause a haploinsufficiency of A20（HA20）. HA20 is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease. But some individuals of HA20 exhibit clinical features of autoimmune diseases，including varying degrees of autoantibody positivity，lupus-like phenotypes，and autoimmune thyroid disease.This article focuses on the single nucleotide polymorphism of TNFAIP3 and related autoimmune diseases，to underscore the crucial role of TNFAIP3 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases，and to provide new research directions and potential drug targets for these conditions.

Optimization of 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative diagnostic model for children with autoimmune encephalitis with epilepsy and negative MRI / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of suspected autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in children with epilepsy and negative MRI. Methods:From May 2019 to August 2022, 94 suspected AE children (49 males, 45 females; age 1-15 years) with epilepsy and negative MRI who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into AE and non-AE groups based on clinical final diagnosis. The effectiveness of visual diagnosis was evaluated. The cortical lesion extent score (S), and SUV max, SUV mean and minimum of SUV (SUV min) of cortical lesions (L), basal ganglia (B) and thalamus (T) were measured and SUV ratios (SUVR) of L/B or L/T were obtained. Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen the diagnostic factors of AE, and a diagnostic model was established. The diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by ROC curve analysis and Delong test. Results:There were 53 cases in AE group and 41 cases in non-AE group. Based on visual analysis, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for AE were 100%(53/53), 43.9%(18/41) and 75.5%(71/94), respectively. Differences of LSUV max, LSUV mean, LSUV min, L/BSUVR max, L/BSUVR mean, L/BSUVR min, L/TSUVR max, L/TSUVR mean, L/TSUVR min and S between AE and non-AE groups were statistically significant ( z=-6.74, t values: from -8.51 to -3.97, all P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of L/BSUVR max was the highest (0.914) among visual analysis and semi-quantitative parameters. Logistic regression analysis showed that S (odds ratio ( OR)=11.40, 95% CI: 2.18-59.52, P=0.004), L/BSUVR max( OR=13.19, 95% CI: 2.11-82.51, P=0.006) and L/TSUVR max( OR=9.66, 95% CI: 1.57-59.55, P=0.015) were independent diagnostic factors for AE. Regression model was established: P=1/(1+ e - x), x=2.433×S+ 2.580×L/BSUVR max+ 2.267×L/TSUVR max-3.802. The AUC of this model was 0.948, with the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 98.1%(52/53), 90.2%(37/41) and 94.7%(89/94), respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the optimized scoring system was consistent with the pre-optimization model, and were both superior to L/BSUVR max(both z=2.01, both P=0.040). Conclusion:The diagnostic model and scoring system based on the semi-quantitative analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT have better diagnostic efficacy for AE and are superior to semi-quantitative parameters alone.

Analysis of current status and risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria wound infections in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRO) wound infections in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), and to analyze their risk factors.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted, and inpatients with AIBDs accompanied by wound infections were collected from Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2020 to December 2022. A descriptive analysis was carried out to analyze the basic characteristics of these patients and pathogenic characteristics of MDRO. Univariate and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze independent risk factors for MDRO infections in patients with AIBDs. Differences between the MDRO infection group and common bacterial infection group were analyzed by using t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results:Totally, 271 patients with AIBDs accompanied by wound infections were included, including 159 males (58.7%) and 112 females (41.3%), and 142 patients (52.4%) were aged over 60 years. Most patients with AIBDs were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (131 cases, 48.3%), or bullous pemphigoid (99 cases, 36.5%). Bacterial culture was positive in all the patients, and 74 (27.3%) were infected with MDRO; a total of 108 strains of MDRO were detected, with relatively high detection rates of Staphylococcus (82 strains, 75.9%) and Enterobacter (15 strains, 13.9%). Significant differences were observed between the MDRO infection group and the common bacterial infection group in the duration of hospitalization, involved body surface area, proportions of patients self-modificating drug dosage, proportions of patients topically using antibiotic ointments, proportions of patients using immunosuppressants, duration of glucocorticoid use, maximum dose of glucocorticoids and the first albumin level at admission (all P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the gender, age, proportions of patients at first hospitalization, types of AIBDs, duration of education, body mass index, disease duration, proportions of smoking patients, proportions of drinking patients, proportions of patients with comorbid chronic diseases, surgical history, prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, prevalence of mucosal involvement, proportions of patients receiving topical glucocorticoids, proportions of patients using biological agents, duration of antibiotic use, and the first total protein level at admission between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of topical antibiotic ointments, use of immunosuppressants, maximum dose of glucocorticoids, and self-modification of drug dosage were independent risk factors for MDRO infections (all P < 0.05) . Conclusions:The patients with AIBDs were prone to develop MDRO infections in wounds, and Staphylococcus infections were the most common. The use of topical antibiotic ointments, use of immunosuppressants, high dose of glucocorticoids, and self-modification of drug dosage may increase the risk of infections in patients with AIBDs.

Discussion on the autoimmune mechanism of epilepsy / 中华神经科杂志

Epilepsy arising from autoimmune etiologies has become increasingly prevalent in clinical practice. These cases typically exhibit limited responsiveness to conventional antiepileptic drugs, often progressing into drug-resistant epilepsy. Consequently, the early identification of autoimmune causes of epilepsy and the subsequent implementation of targeted immunotherapy are of paramount significance for clinicians. Presently, the pathogenesis of autoimmune epilepsy remains elusive, and standardized diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are lacking. It is imperative that future endeavors involve extensive large-scale foundational research and clinical trials to delve deeper into the autoimmune mechanisms underpinning epilepsy.

Discussion on Disease Mechanism， Pattern Differentiation， and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases Based on the Theory of "Transformation of Healthy Qi into Pathogenic Qi" / 中医杂志

Based on the duality of "healthy" and "pathogenic" of the immune system in physiological and pathological states， and combined with the analogy between "immune function" and "healthy qi"， the theory of "transformation of healthy qi into pathogenic qi" was proposed to guide the pattern identification and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The theory of "transformation of healthy qi into pathogenic qi" means that "healthy qi"， which is originally used by the body's original ability to defend and remove harmful factors or normal functional activities， transformed into "pathogenic qi"， which is factors that damage and destroy the human body or abnormal body state. In the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases， the pathogenic factors and causes of congenital endowment， tissue damage under the influence of external pathogens， abnormal function of zang-fu （脏腑） organs and meridians， abnormal transmission and transformation of qi， blood， body fluids was proposed. Autoimmune diseases have the dynamic mechanism of latent pathogen at early stage， internal and external contraction at the onset stage， and the expansion of the pathogenic qi at the complete period， and also have the characteristics of the specificity， invisibility and contradiction of healthy qi and pathogenic qi. In terms of treatment， it advocates the ideas of treatment with both attack and supplementation throughout the disease， identifying diseases with special prescriptions and formulas for specific diseases， dynamically adjusting treatment by identifying the remission and onsets of the disease， observing the changes in the dynamics of healthy qi transforming into pathogenic qi， and treating disease before it arises with early intervention.

Research progress in STAT3/Th17 cells and Sjögren syndrome / 中国药科大学学报

@#Abstract: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an intracellular signaling factor that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including the growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response of cells. Aberrant activation of T helper cell 17 (Th17) is closely associated with the morbidity and progress of various autoimmune diseases. STAT3 participates in the pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome by inducing excessive proliferation and abnormal differentiation of Th17 cells and affecting lymphocyte infiltration into exocrine glands. Therefore, targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway represents a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Sjögren syndrome. This review summarizes the research of STAT3 in the pathogenesis and progression of Sjögren syndrome through regulating Th17 cells, focusing on current inhibitors targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway as potential therapeutic targets for Sjögren syndrome.

Efficacy of plasma exchange in the treatment of renal injury associated with autoimmune diseases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of plasma exchange for thrombotic microangiopathy and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, which require renal replacement therapy.Methods:This is a retrospective study. The clinical data of four patients who underwent plasma exchange at the Blood Purification Center, North Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, from June 2021 to February 2022 were collected and analyzed. The records included a total of 19 treatments performed, including 15 treatments with a single plasma exchange regimen used in 3 patients and 4 treatments with double filtration plasmapheresis used in 1 patient. Changes in condition before and after treatment, as well as corresponding biochemical test results, were recorded.Results:In four patients, clinical symptoms and biochemical indicators improved. Three patients required maintenance hemodialysis, while one patient showed remarkable clinical efficacy. After treatment, hemoglobin level increased from 76 g/L to 83 g/L, blood creatinine level decreased from 703.6 μmol/L to 526.2 μmol/L, anti-SM antibody decreased from > 400 RU/mL to < 2 RU/mL, anti-myeloperoxidase antibody decreased from 255.49 RU/mL to 15.64 RU/mL, and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody turned negative. During treatment, there were two cases of allergic reactions, which were significantly alleviated after treatment.Conclusion:Plasma exchange is safe and effective against thrombotic microangiopathy and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, which require renal replacement therapy.

Application of nanobodies in autoimmune diseases / 中国免疫学杂志

Autoimmune disease is a kind of heterogeneous disease caused by the loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens.In recent years,antibody drug has become an important choice for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Monoclonal antibodies are limited by their large relative molecular mass and difficult to penetrate solid tissues,while nanobodies,the smallest antibody fragment known to date with intact antigen recognition,have gained much attention in the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to their ease of modifi-cation,high penetration,and ability to target more cryptic epitopes.The review focuses on the application of nanobodies in the treat-ment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,systemic lupus erythematosus,psoria-sis,and looks forward to the prospect of nanobodies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Sjogren's syndrome: a neurological perspective / Síndrome de Sjogren: uma perspectiva neurológica

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in sicca symptoms. Additionally, SS presents with neurological manifestations that significantly impact the nervous system. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurological aspects of SSj, covering both the peripheral and central nervous system involvement, while emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Resumo A síndrome de Sjogren (SS) é uma doença autoimune complexa caracterizada pela infiltração linfocítica das glândulas salivares e lacrimais, resultando em sintomas sicca. Além disso, a SS apresenta manifestações neurológicas que afetam significativamente o sistema nervoso. Esta revisão tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão abrangente dos aspectos neurológicos da SSj, abordando tanto o envolvimento do sistema nervoso periférico quanto do central, com ênfase no diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico.

Reshaping neuroimmunology: diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine / Remodelando a neuroimunologia: diagnóstico e tratamento na era da medicina de precisão

Abstract Precision medicine has revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology, with innovative approaches that characterize diseases based on their biology, deeper understanding of the factors leading to heterogeneity within the same disease, development of targeted therapies, and strategies to tailor therapies to each patient. This review explores the impact of precision medicine on various neuroimmunological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), optic neuritis, autoimmune encephalitis, and immune-mediated neuropathies. We discuss advances in disease subtyping, recognition of novel entities, promising biomarkers, and the development of more selective monoclonal antibodies and cutting-edge synthetic cell-based immunotherapies in neuroimmunological disorders. In addition, we analyze the challenges related to affordability and equity in the implementation of these emerging technologies, especially in situations with limited resources.

Resumo A medicina de precisão está revolucionando o campo da neuroimunologia, com uma abordagem inovadora caracterizada pela classificação de doenças com base em sua biologia, compreensão mais profunda dos fatores que levam à heterogeneidade dentro da mesma doença, desenvolvimento de terapias com alvos específicos e estratégias para adaptar as terapias a cada paciente. Esta revisão explora o impacto da medicina de precisão em várias condições neuroimunológicas, incluindo esclerose múltipla (EM), distúrbio do espectro da neuromielite óptica (NMOSD), doença associada ao anticorpo anti-glicoproteína da mielina do oligodendrócito (MOGAD), neurites ópticas, encefalites autoimunes e neuropatias imunomediadas. Discutimos avanços na subclassificação de doenças, reconhecimento de novas entidades, biomarcadores promissores e desenvolvimento de anticorpos monoclonais mais seletivos e imunoterapias de ponta baseadas em células sintéticas para as condições acima. Além disso, analisamos os desafios relacionados com acessibilidade e equidade na implementação dessas tecnologias emergentes, especialmente em ambientes com recursos limitados.

Qual o impacto da capsulectomia nos sintomas sistêmicos atribuídos às próteses mamárias de silicone? Revisão sistemática da literatura / What is the impact of capsulectomy on systemic symptoms attributed to silicone breast implants? Systematic literature review

Introdução: Diversos estudos têm analisado a possível relação entre a prótese mamária de silicone e sintomas sistêmicos. A remoção das próteses de mama com capsulectomia tem sido indicada na tentativa de melhorar esses sintomas. É necessário que o cirurgião tenha dados embasados na literatura para informar ao paciente se há relação entre retirada de prótese de mama com capsulectomia e melhora dos sintomas, qual a taxa de melhora e por quanto tempo se mantém. Método: Foi realizada pesquisa nos bancos de dados virtuais Cochrane Library e PubMed de janeiro de 1990 até abril de 2023. A busca foi realizada pela combinação de termos livres ("breast implant illness", "breast capsulectomy" e "breast implant explantation") e pelo uso de operadores booleanos para descritores Mesh como [autoimmune diseases (MeSH Terms)] e [breast implant (MeSH Terms)]. Resultados: Foram obtidos 1.203 artigos, sendo 14 selecionados para o estudo, consistindo em 7 artigos de coorte retrospectivo, 3 de coorte prospectivo e 4 caso-controle. A taxa de melhora variou entre 50 e 100% dos casos e o tempo de acompanhamento variou entre 2 meses e 2,7 anos. Diversos tipos de capsulectomia foram realizados nos estudos, com taxas semelhantes de melhora. Conclusão: Há evidências de melhora dos sintomas sistêmicos em pacientes com prótese mamária de silicone submetidas a retirada de prótese de mama com capsulectomia. A melhora dos sintomas persistiu durante o período em que as pacientes foram acompanhadas nos estudos. Estudos mais recentes demonstraram que o tipo de capsulectomia não tem influência na melhora dos sintomas sistêmicos.

Introduction: Several studies have analyzed the possible relationship between silicone breast implants and systemic symptoms. Removal of breast implants with capsulectomy has been indicated in an attempt to improve these symptoms. The surgeon must have data based on the literature to inform the patient whether there is a relationship between the removal of a breast prosthesis with capsulectomy and improvement in symptoms, what is the rate of improvement, and how long it lasts. Method: A search was carried out in the Cochrane Library and PubMed virtual databases from January 1990 to April 2023. The search was carried out using a combination of free terms ("breast implant illness", "breast capsulectomy," and "breast implant explantation") and by using Boolean operators for Mesh descriptors such as [autoimmune diseases (MeSH Terms)] and [breast implant (MeSH Terms)]. Results: 1,203 articles were obtained, 14 of which were selected for the study, consisting of 7 retrospective cohort articles, 3 prospective cohort articles, and 4 case-control articles. The improvement rate varied between 50 and 100% of cases, and the follow-up time varied between 2 months and 2.7 years. Several types of capsulectomies were performed in the studies, with similar rates of improvement. Conclusion: There is evidence of improvement in systemic symptoms in patients with silicone breast implants who underwent breast implant removal with capsulectomy. The improvement in symptoms persisted during the period in which the patients were followed in the studies. More recent studies have demonstrated that the type of capsulectomy does not influence the improvement of systemic symptoms.

Estudio de factores clínicos y epidemiológicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoidea

Fundamento: la artritis reumatoidea es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria crónica que produce daño articular crónico e irreversible que conlleva al deterioro de la calidad de vida y discapacidad permanente con prevalencia mundial de entre 1,0 y 1,5 %. Objetivo: identificar las principales características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea en el Policlínico Docente Área Este de Camagüey. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de serie de casos, realizado en el Policlínico Docente Área Este de Camagüey. Del universo de 108 pacientes fue seleccionada una muestra de 102, una vez aplicados los criterios de elección. Se estudiaron las variables: grupo etáreo, sexo, color de la piel, años de diagnóstico, signos y síntomas clínicos, factores de riesgo; así como complicaciones presentadas. Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó SPSS y se expresaron en valores absolutos y porcentajes. Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo de 60 años y más (45,0 %), las mujeres (75,5 %), pacientes de color de piel blanca (66,7 %), con artritis reumatoidea de 16-20 años de evolución (22,5 %), vasculitis (25,5 %) y dolor (94,1 %) dentro de los principales signos y síntomas, mientras el consumo de café (69,6 %) y el sexo femenino se encontraron dentro los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables. La osteoporosis fue la más notable de las complicaciones presentadas (69,6 %). Conclusiones: en la serie estudiada sobresalió el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada, el dolor como síntoma principal, así como la osteoporosis dentro de las complicaciones presentadas.

Foundation: rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that produces chronic and irreversible joint damage that leads to deterioration in quality of life and permanent disability with a worldwide prevalence of between 1.0 and 1.5 %. Objective: to identify the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Eastern Area Teaching Polyclinic of Camagüey. Methods: a descriptive case series study was carried out at the Eastern Area Teaching Polyclinic of Camagüey. From the universe of 108 patients, a sample of 102 was selected, once the selection criteria were applied. The variables were studied: age group, sex, skin color, years of diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, risk factors; as well as complications presented. SPSS was used to process the data and they were expressed in absolute values ​​and percentages. Results: the age group of 60 years and older predominated (45.0 %), women (75.5 %), patients of white skin color (66.7 %), with rheumatoid arthritis of 16-20 years of evolution (22.5 %), vasculitis (25.5 %) and pain (94.1 %) among the main signs and symptoms, while coffee consumption (69.6 %) and female sex were found among the risk factors. modifiable and non-modifiable risk. Osteoporosis was the most notable of the complications presented (69.6 %). Conclusions: in the series studied, female sex, advanced age, pain as the main symptom, as well as osteoporosis stood out among the complications presented.

Role of HLA alleles polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective study from North India

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder and has complex etiopathogenesis. The most appropriate hypothesis states that genetic susceptibility in the presence of environmental risk factors predisposes to SLE. HLA class II alleles are critical to immune response and are highly polymorphic. Various alleles in HLA-DR and -DQ regions were analyzed in SLE patients and healthy controls to see their role in susceptibility or protection to SLE. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study, in which a total of 100 SLE patients and 100 controls were analyzed. HLA typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) method (SSO probe). Results: DR?1*0301 was significantly increased in SLE patients when compared to controls and had the highest odds ratio. Other risk factor alleles found to be increased were DR?1*0701, DQ?1*0202, and DQ?1*0301, which had a significant positive association with SLE, suggesting their role in susceptibility to SLE. In contrast, DR?1*0401, DR?1*1401, DR?1*1404, DR?1*1501, DQ?1*0501, and DQ?1*0201 showed statistically significant reduction in SLE patients, while these were much more common in controls, suggesting their protective role. Conclusion: This study is only the second study in patients from North India and it determines the role of DR?1*0301, DR?1*0701, DQ?1*0202, and DQ?1*0301 alleles as risk factors in SLE patients.

Síndrome de Sjögren y endodoncia, consideraciones a propósito de un caso / Sjögren's syndrome and endodontics, clinical case and considerations

El síndrome de Sjögren (SS) es una enfermedad autoinmune que afecta a las glándulas salivales y lagrimales. Se expone el caso clínico de una paciente de 67 años de género femenino que consulta por dolor en múltiples dientes; relata sensación de boca seca (xerostomía) y sequedad ocular (xeroftalmia). Al examen intraoral, se observan múltiples caries en superficies atípicas, mucosas secas, saliva espumosa y notoria depapilación lingual. Se sospecha de SS, derivando a medicina interna y confirmándose el diagnóstico. En paralelo, se inicia el tratamiento odontológico, realizando adaptaciones en los procedimientos para aliviar la sintomatología del SS, especialmente durante tratamientos endodónticos.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands. The clinical case of a 67-year-old female patient who consulted for pain in multiple teeth is exposed. Additionally, she reports a sensation of dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (xerophthalmia). During the intraoral examination, the following findings are noticed: multiple cavities on atypical surfaces, dry mucous membranes, foamy saliva, and atrophic glossitis. SS is suspected, referring to internal medicine and confirming the diagnosis. In parallel, dental treatment is initiated, making adaptations in the procedures to alleviate the symptoms of SS, especially during endodontic treatments.

ASIA and BIA-ALCL as adverse reactions to silicone breast implants / ASIA e BIA-ALCL como reações adversas aos implantes mamários de silicone

Adjuvant-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome leads to capsular contracture and fibrosis from the oxidation that takes place in silicone. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma occurs through the development of a seroma, with the formation of a periprosthetic effusion, or through the infiltration of the condition itself. To analyze these conditions, a review of the literature was carried out on the symptoms and pathophysiology of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, searched using the terms "ASIA breast silicone," "Lymphoma," "Adjuvants" "Immunologic" " Breast Implants" on the PubMed platform. Analyzing the data obtained, it was noted that the symptoms of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants are nonspecific, such as fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, morning stiffness, and night sweats, and therefore need attention. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma presents with breast pain, periprosthetic effusion, and palpable mass, among other characteristics. Because of these aspects, it is concluded that a good investigation should be carried out when nonspecific symptoms appear, regardless of the time the surgery was performed since these complications can occur years later.

A síndrome autoimune/inflamatória induzida por adjuvantes leva à contratura capsular e fibrose pela oxidação que acontece no silicone. O linfoma anaplásico de grandes células ocorre através do desenvolvimento de um seroma, com a formação de derrame periprotético ou por uma infiltração da própria afecção. Para análise destes acometimentos, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura acerca da sintomatologia e fisiopatologia da síndrome autoimune/inflamatória induzida por adjuvantes e linfoma anaplásico de grandes células, pesquisada através dos termos "ASIA breast silicone" "Lymphoma" "Adjuvants" "Immunologic" "Breast Implants" na plataforma PubMed. Analisando os dados obtidos, notou-se que os sintomas da síndrome autoimune/inflamatória induzida por adjuvantes são inespecíficos, como fadiga, mialgia, artralgia, rigidez matinal e suores noturnos, e, portanto, necessitam de atenção. Já o linfoma anaplásico de grandes células se apresenta com dor mamária, derrame periprotético, massa palpável, dentre outras características. Em vista destes aspectos, conclui-se que uma boa investigação deve ser realizada ao surgirem sintomas inespecíficos, independentemente do tempo que a cirurgia foi realizada, uma vez que estas complicações podem ocorrer anos após a cirurgia.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a review of etiopathogenic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

Abstract Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease of varied clinical expression, which may present as an exclusively cutaneous disease or be one of the multiple manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Its classification includes acute, subacute, intermittent, chronic and bullous subtypes, which are usually identified based on clinical features and histopathological and laboratory findings. Other non-specific cutaneous manifestations may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and are usually related to disease activity. Environmental, genetic and immunological factors play a role in the pathogenesis of skin lesions in lupus erythematosus. Recently, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms involved in their development, which allows for foreseeing future targets for more effective treatments. This review proposes to discuss the main etiopathogenic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, aiming to update internists and specialists from different areas.