Comparison of species of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility in the conjunctival sac between diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyzed the species of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility in the conjunctival sac of non- diabetic patients and diabetic patients, to decrease the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis through the proper use of antibiotic drop and preoperative disinfection. <p>METHODS: Totally 124 patients(124 eyes)underwent cataract operation in Yangsi Hospital during November 2013 to January 2017 were divided into two groups: diabetic group(37 patients 37 eyes)and control group(87 patients 87 eyes). Bacterial culture in the conjunctival sac and antibiotic susceptibility test was operated in three time-points: before preoperative disinfection(T0), after preoperative disinfection(T1)and after operation(T2). <p>RESULTS: The bacterial culture rate in the conjunctival sac of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic patients. Most of strains of bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, levofloxacin and tobramycin. For penicillin, azithromycin and tetracycline, the rate of antibiotic resistance was much higher than other antibiotic. <p>CONCLUSION: Due to the change of the microenvironment of ocular surface, the bacterial culture rate of the conjunctival sac was significantly increased in diabetic patients. The main cultured bacteria in conjunctival sac were staphylococcus epidermidis and acnes propionate. Most of cultured bacteria in conjunctival sac were sensitive to levofloxacin and tobramycin. Levofloxacin and tobramycin can be used as preoperative antibiotic eye drop.

Isolation and 2,4-D-degrading characteristics of Cupriavidus campinensis BJ71

An indigenous bacterial strain capable of utilizing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from a soil used for grown wheat with a long-term history of herbicide use in Beijing, China. The strain BJ71 was identified as Cupriavidus campinensis based on its 16S rRNA sequence analysis and morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The degradation characteristics of strain BJ71 were evaluated. The optimal conditions for 2,4-D degradation were as follows: pH 7.0, 30 °C, 3% (v/v) inoculum size, and an initial 2,4-D concentration of 350 mg L−1. Up to 99.57% of the 2,4-D was degraded under optimal conditions after 6 days of incubation. Strain BJ71 was also able to degrade quizalofop and fluroxypyr. This is the first report of a 2,4-D-degrader containing tfdA gene that can utilize these two herbicides. In a biodegradation experiment, 87.13% and 42.53% of 2,4-D (initial concentration, 350 mg kg−1) was degraded in non-sterile and sterilized soil inoculated with BJ71, respectively, after 14 days. The 2,4-D degradation was more rapid in a soil microcosm including BJ71 than in a soil microcosm without BJ71. These results indicate that strain BJ71 is a potential candidate for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with the herbicide 2,4-D.

Isolation and characterization of a novel bacterial strain Shewanella marinisediminis sp. nov. from deep-sea sediments.

A new bacterial strain designated DH39T was isolated from marine sediment collected from the East Sea, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain DH39T clustered with the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella canadensis HAW-EB2T, S. woodyi MS32T, and S. sediminis HAW-EB3Twith 98.1, 97.8, and 97.6% sequence similarities, respectively. The isolated bacterium was Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and aerobic. Its temperature range for growth was 4–30°C. The predominant fatty acids were 16:1w7, 17:1w8, 13:0-i, 16:0, and 15:0-i. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis showed that DNA-DNA relatedness values in the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of strain DH39T and its nearest neighbors S. hanedai and S. sediminis were 52.9 and 58.7%. Phylogenetic evidence and phenotypic characteristics suggest strain DH39T constitutes a novel Shewanella species. Therefore, we propose Shewanella marinisediminis sp. nov., with DH39T (KCCM 42936T = NCCB 100311T) as the type strain.

Control multidisciplinario de la infección nosocomial en un hospital de nivel terciario / Multidisciplinary control of nosocomial infection in tertiary level hospital

Fundamento y objetivo: El mayor aislamiento y la diseminación de gérmenes multirresistentes en unidades de atención a pacientes críticos, contribuyen al incremento de estadía, costos, morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalarias que solo pueden ser controlados con el trabajo eficiente de grupos médicos de trabajo, multidisciplinario e interdisciplinario. Métodos: Se muestran los principales microorganismos aislados de pacientes hospitalizados, durante el año 2008, con sus patrones de resistencia. Se presenta la metodología para el control de la sepsis hospitalaria por los diferentes grupos interdisciplinarios según el algoritmo de trabajo propuesto. Resultados: Acinetobacter sp pasó a ocupar el primer lugar en el año 2008 dentro de los gérmenes más frecuentemente aislados, a su vez resultó el agente responsable de mayores reportes de infección hospitalaria, con patrones de resistencia elevados frente a todos los antibióticos estudiados in vitro, particularmente al ceftriaxone con el 98,1 por ciento. Para colistina, la resistencia fue solo 2 por ciento. La resistencia de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp y Enterobacter sp frente al ceftriaxone fue 59,4, 75 y 83,3 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusión: El trabajo multidisciplinario e interdisciplinario de todas las especialidades médicas y de grupos de expertos, resulta fundamental para controlar la aparición y diseminación de infecciones nosocomiales provocadas por gérmenes multirresistentes, de mayor frecuencia de aislamiento en la actualidad. La elevada resistencia bacteriana frente al ceftriaxone, de los principales microorganismos aislados, constituye un objetivo de trabajo para su control por los diferentes comités o grupos de expertos médicos

Basis and objective: The great isolation and spreading of multiresistance germs in care units to critical patients, contribute to increase of stay, costs, hospital morbidity and mortality only controlled with an efficient, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work by physician groups. Methods: The main microorganisms are showed isolated in 2008, with its resistance patterns of admitted patients. A methodology for the hospital sepsis control is presented by the interdisciplinary groups according to the proposed work algorithm. Results: Acinetobacter sp was in the first place over 2008 included into the more frequent isolated germs being the causal agent of more reports on hospital infection with high patterns of resistance to all in vitro study antibiotics, in particular, to Ceftriaxione with the 98.1 percent; for Colistin the resistance was only of 2 percent. The resistance of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp and Enterobacter sp to Ceftriaxione was of 59.4, 75 and 83.3 percent, respectively. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work of all medical specialties and expert groups is essential to control the appearance and spreading of nosocomial infections provoked by multiresistance germs of great isolation frequency at present time. The high bacterial resistance of main isolated microorganisms to Ceftriaxone is a work objective for its prevention by the different committees or medical expert groups