Effectiveness of Use of Ultraviolet Sanitizing Devices for Reduction of Bacterial Colonies on Toothbrushes

The use of toothbrushes plays an important role in the spread of disease and increased risk of oral infections because toothbrushes can serve as a place for microorganisms, this can occur in healthy individuals, there is oral disease, and or who have systemic disease. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of uses of ultraviolet sanitation equipment on the reduction of bacterial colony on toothbrush. The type of research is laboratory experimental with. Design: Pretest and Posttest Group Design. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. As a sample is student of faculty of dentistry of Hasanuddin University amounted to 11 people. Each selected sample was then given 2 toothbrushes and 2 new tubes of toothpaste for the initial and post-intervention phase. The respondent was instructed to brush twice daily, after breakfast and before bed, and to rinse the toothbrush under running water for 30 seconds after brushing. Subjects are instructed to store their toothbrushes in disposable cups provided for the participants and left to dry. Result: There were found 9 species of bacterial colonies either breeding with Sodium Agar or Mc.Conkey or most enterobacter colony species. The effectiveness of the use of UV tools for germ decontamination was found to have significant differences in the reduction of bacterial counts before and after the use of UV sanitation (p<0.001). Conclusion: The use of sanitary UV for bacterial decontamination of toothbrush can be considered to prevent bacterial contamination on toothbrush surface, as a whole it is found there is a difference of colony average reduction before and after intervention using Ultra violet sanitation.

Bacterias patógenas potenciales al inicio del período seco de vacas doble propósito con mastitis subclínicas / Potential pathogen bacteria during the dry period in dual purpose cows with subclinical mastitis

Los aportes científicos en el campo de la producción láctea alcanzan más de 100 años de arduo estudio, con el fin de producir la mayor cantidad de leche por vaca/año acompañado de una excelente salubridad de la glándula mamaria. Esta salud de la ubre se ha visto afectada por la inflamación del parénquima denominada mastitis causada generalmente por bacterias como los Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., enterobacterias, entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las bacterias existentes en glándulas mamarias con mastitis subclínica al inicio del período seco. Para ello se seleccionaron al azar 39 vacas mestizas doble propósito multíparas al final de la lactancia procedentes de un mismo sistema de producción, con siete meses de gestación, negativas en la prueba de fondo negro y con resultados de CMT ³ +2. Se tomaron muestras de leche para estudio bacteriológico. Se observó crecimiento bacteriano a partir de la leche de 96 cuartos mamarios (61,53%) y en la leche de 49 cuartos no hubo crecimiento (31,41%). Las bacterias más aisladas fueron el Corynebacterium bovis (46,73%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20,56%), Staphylococcus aureus (12,15%) y Arcanobacterium pyogenes (7,48%). De acuerdo al tipo de crecimiento, se obtuvo un 88,54% de crecimiento puro y un 11,46% de crecimiento mixto y de acuerdo al potencial de patogenicidad se obtuvo un 73,82% de patógenos menores y un 18,69% de patógenos mayores. En conclusión, se identificaron las bacterias presentes en la glándula mamaria con mastitis subclínica al inicio del período seco, su distribución en cuanto a género, especie, tipo de crecimiento y potencial de patogenicidad. Asimismo, estas bacterias pueden generar mastitis clínica en el período productivo con la consecuente baja en la calidad y cantidad de leche producida.

Scientific research in milk production has been evolving over more than 100 years to attain the highest amount of milk/ cow/year along with an excellent health status of the mammary gland. This health status of the mammary gland is affected by parenchymal inflammation, i.e. mastitis, caused in general by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp. and enterobacteria. The objective of this trial was to determine the bacterias present in mammary glands with subclinical mastitis at the beginning of the dry period. Thirty nine (39) multiparous crossbred dual purpose cows at the end of the lactating period were randomly selected; they had a seven-month gestation, and they were negative at the black bottom cup test; they have a ³ +2 score at the CMT as well. Milk samples were taken for bacteriological study. Bacterial growth was observed in milk sample from 96 udder quarters (61.53%) and in milk sample from 49 quarters there was no growth (31.41%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Corynebacterium bovis (46.73%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20.56%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.15%) and Arcanobacterium pyogenes (7.48%). As for growth type, 88.54% of cultures were pure cultures and 11.46% were mixed cultures. As for pathogenicity potential, 73.82% of the isolates were minor pathogens and 18.69% were major pathogens. In conclusion, bacteria in mammary glands with subclinical mastitis at the dry period, their distribution as for genus and species, growth type and pathogenicity potential were identified. On other hand, these bacteria can generate clinical mastitis in the lactating period with the resulting decrease in the quality and quantity of yielded milk.