RESUMEN
Objetivo: Analisar as especificações técnicas em processos de licitação para aquisição de autoclaves com mais de 90 L, com base na normatização relacionada. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, baseada em processos de licitação disponíveis online. Resultados: Foram analisados 112 processos, dos quais 106 (94,6%) foram provenientes do Brasil e seis (5,4%) do México, Honduras, El Salvador, Panamá e Paraguai. Os documentos foram analisados de acordo com aspectos construtivos, ciclos de esterilização, itens opcionais, itens de segurança e ferramentas de gestão. Conclusão: As especificações técnicas, em sua maioria, estão desatualizadas, em alguns casos comprometendo a segurança no processo de esterilização.
Objective: To analyze technical specifications in bidding processes for the acquisition of autoclaves with more than 90 L, based on the related standards. Method: Descriptive, documentary research, with a quantitative approach, based on bidding processes available online. Results: 112 bidding processes were analyzed, of which 106 (94.6%) came from Brazil and six (5.4%) from Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Panama and Paraguay. The documents were assessed according to construction aspects, sterilization cycles, optional items, safety items and management tools. Conclusion: Most of the technical specifications are outdated, in some cases compromising safety in the sterilization process.
Objetivo: Analizar las especificaciones técnicas en los procesos de licitación para la adquisición de autoclaves con más de 90 L, en base a la estandarización relacionada. Método: Investigación descriptiva, documental, con enfoque cuantitativo, basada en procesos de licitación disponibles online. Resultados: Se analizaron 112 casos, de los cuales 106 (94,6%) procedían de Brasil y seis (5,4%) de México, Honduras, El Salvador, Panamá y Paraguay. Los documentos fueron analizados según aspectos constructivos, ciclos de esterilización, opcionales, elementos de seguridad y herramientas de gestión. Conclusión: La mayoría de las especificaciones técnicas están desactualizadas, en algunos casos comprometiendo la seguridad en el proceso de esterilización.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Organización y Administración , Esterilización , Documentación , Investigación , Seguridad , Elementos QuímicosRESUMEN
Objective To compare the framework of immunization programme and management of vaccine distributionin in China and some Asian countries, and further improve the immunization policy in China. Methods Using literature review, we compared the current status of immunization programme and vaccine distribution in China, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Results Vaccine distribution has its own characteristics among Asian countries. Japan started early with a complete supervision system and compensation system. Thailand and Vietnam have also formed an efficient and complete cold chain transportation mode after implementing Expanded Programme on Immunization. Conclusion China can refer to the typical framework of immunization and experience of vaccine distributionfromsome Asian countries, which may improve vaccine accessand production links, standardize vaccine circulation market, and establish an efficient vaccine supervision and traceability system.
RESUMEN
RESUMO: O pregão é uma das modalidades de licitação, instituído pela Lei 10.520/02, e tem sido amplamente utilizado em instituições públicas. Apesar dos benefícios desta modalidade serem muitos, existe um número considerável de insucessos nos procedimentos, de modo que os pregões podem terminar fracassados, desertos ou, até mesmo cancelados, anulados ou revogados. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar na literatura quais os motivos de sucessos e insucessos de licitações na modalidade pregão por meio de uma revisão de literatura realizada através de Scoping Review, conforme a proposta do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada através da pergunta "Quais os fatores de sucesso e/ou insucesso encontrados nas compras por licitação na modalidade pregão?", nas bibliotecas digitais Capes Periódicos e Scientific Electronic Library Online e na base de dados PubMed. (AU)
ABSTRACT: The reverse auction is one of the bidding modalities, which was instituted by Law 10,520/02 and has been widely used in public institutions. Although the benefits of this modality are many, there is a considerable number of failures in the procedures, so that the reverse auction sessions may fail, with no participants or even be canceled, nullified, or revoked. This article aims to evaluate in the literature the reasons for successes and failures of the bidding process for reverse auction modality through a Scoping Review, as proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question was "What are the factors of success and/or failure found in bidding purchases for reverse auction modality?", and the databases used were Capes Journals, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and PubMed. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Administración Pública , Propuestas de Licitación , Técnicas de PlanificaciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze how the profile of food purchases from family farming under the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is related to socioeconomic and demographic indicators in Brazilian capitals. METHODS This cross-sectional and descriptive study was based on secondary data from 2016 and 2017 from the Brazilian government. We used demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as the amount of federal funding; the percentage used purchases of food from family farming and the public call notices. RESULTS The capitals in the largest quartile of HDI and funding by the federal government used less than 30% of the resource for the purchase of crops from family farming in 2016. All capitals of the Northern region used more than 30%, while the Southern and Southeastern regions did not comply with the legislation. We highlight that most analyzed food items were in natura. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of this public policy occurs unequally in Brazilian capitals, with greater difficulty in those supposedly with better institutional structure and higher volume of resources destined to the National School Feeding Program. The program, however, maintains its potential for the promotion of adequate and healthy food in schools, due to the quality of food included in public calls.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar como o perfil de compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar se relaciona com indicadores socioeconômicos e demográficos nas capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS Este estudo transversal e descritivo foi baseado em dados secundários de 2016 e 2017 do governo brasileiro. Foram utilizados dados demográficos e socioeconômicos, o valor do recurso repassado pelo governo federal, o percentual utilizado para compras de alimentos da agricultura familiar e as chamadas públicas disponíveis. RESULTADOS As capitais no maior quartil de índice de desenvolvimento humano e de recursos repassados pelo governo federal utilizaram menos de 30% do recurso para a compra de gêneros da agricultura familiar em 2016. Todas as capitais da região Norte utilizaram acima de 30%, enquanto as regiões Sul e Sudeste não atenderam à legislação. Destaca-se a presença majoritária de alimentos in natura nas chamadas públicas analisadas. CONCLUSÕES A execução dessa política pública ocorre de forma desigual nas capitais brasileiras, com maior dificuldade naquelas supostamente com melhor estrutura institucional e maior volume de recursos destinados ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, contudo, o programa mantém seu potencial para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável nas escolas, em razão da qualidade dos alimentos incluídos nas chamadas públicas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Instituciones Académicas , Agricultura/economía , Servicios de Alimentación/economía , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Agricultura/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE：To put forward policy suggestions for the adjustment and reform of centralized drug procurement mode in China. METHODS ：The evolution process of centralized drug procurement mode in China was reviewed ，and problems were found through literature research and expert interview. Combined with the experience of drug procurement platform construction，GPO procurement and medical insurance payment control fee management in the United States and Singapore ，the reform suggestions were put forward for basic model assumption of bidding procurement based on cost control target and drug bidding procurement policy. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：China’s drug bidding procurement system has gone through the stages of unified purchase and marketing ，decentralized procurement ，centralized procurement start-up and adjustment ，comprehensive implementation of online centralized drug procurement ，exploration of the integration of “two bidding ”（bidding for essential medicine and bidding for non-essential medicine ）and joint procurement ，and pilot stage of national drug bidding and procurement. At the present stage ，there are many problems in centralized drug procurement ，such as the diversified subordination relationship of the platform ，the possible monopoly of enterprise selection under the policy of “two invoice system ”，price reduction becoming the core performance index of bidding procurement ，and the suspected monopoly operation of GPO procurement exploration. The model analysis based on the goal of cost control shows that drug cost is a function of efficiency ，drug quantity and price. High price leads to high cost ，while low efficiency leads to high cost. In the future ，the goal of drug bidding and procurement should not only foucs on price control ，but also on efficiency. The function of bidding and procurement will return to the essential function of “price for quantity ”. It is suggested that a relatively independent and unified platform should be established for drug bidding and procurement in China ，and the grouped procurement mode should be gradually standardized ，the expenditure control function of medical insurance payment audit should be exerted instead of simple price reduction ，and absolute unified lowest price procurement should be avoided.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: The long-term effect of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) and its integrated impact with competitive biddings have been seldom reported. Aim: To evaluate the long-term effect of an ASP on antimicrobial consumption, expenditure, antimicrobial resistance and hospital mortality. To estimate the contribution of competitive biddings on cost-savings. Material and Methods: A comparison of periods prior (2005-2008) and posterior to ASP initiation (2009 and 2015) was done. An estimation of cost savings attributable to ASP and to competitive biddings was also performed. Results: Basal median antimicrobial consumption decreased from 221.3 to 170 daily defined doses/100 beds after the start of the ASP. At the last year, global antimicrobial consumption declined by 28%. Median antimicrobial expenditure per bed (initially US$ 13) declined to US$ 10 at the first year (-28%) and to US$ 6 the last year (-57%). As the reduction in consumption was lower than the reduction in expenditure during the last year, we assumed that only 48.4% of savings were attributable to the ASP. According to antimicrobial charges per bed from prior and after ASP implementation, we estimated global savings of US$ 393072 and US$ 190000 directly attributable to the ASP, difference explained by parallel competitive biddings. Drug resistance among nosocomial bacterial isolates did not show significant changes. Global and infectious disease-associated mortality per 1000 discharges significantly decreased during the study period (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ASP had a favorable impact on antimicrobial consumption, savings and mortality rates but did not have effect on antimicrobial resistance in selected bacterial strains.
Antecedentes: Existe poca información sobre el impacto a largo plazo de un programa de control de antimicrobianos (PCA) y su efecto combinado con licitaciones públicas de fármacos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un PCA sobre el consumo, gasto, mortalidad y estimar la contribución de las licitaciones. Material y Métodos: Comparación antes (2005-2008) - después (2009-2015) del PCA y estimación porcentual del ahorro atribuible al PCA y licitaciones. Resultados: El consumo bajó de 221,3 a 170 dosis diarias definidas por 100 días camas (medianas) al primer año. En el último año el consumo declinó un 27,6%. La mediana del gasto por cama ocupada se redujo de 13 a 10 US$ el primer año y a 6 US$ el último año (-57%). Debido a que el gasto bajó más que el consumo, estimamos que solo el 48,4% del ahorro fue debido al PCA (cuociente de ambas reducciones: −27,6%/-57%). De acuerdo con el gasto en antimicrobianos por cama entre ambos períodos, se calculó un ahorro global de 393.000 US$ y de 190.000 US$ directamente atribuible al PCA, siendo la diferencia explicada por licitaciones. Los porcentajes de resistencia en cepas de infecciones nosocomiales no mostraron incrementos o reducciones significativas en el tiempo y la mortalidad por egresos asociada a enfermedades infecciosas (Códigos CIE 10) se redujo significativamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El PCA se asoció a largo plazo a un impacto favorable sobre el consumo de antimicrobianos, gasto por antimicrobianos y egresos por enfermedades infecciosas sin un impacto en la resistencia antimicrobiana. Las licitaciones tuvieron un efecto aditivo en el ahorro.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Propuestas de Licitación/economía , Enfermedades Transmisibles/economía , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos/economía , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/economía , Chile/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles/mortalidad , Enfermedades Transmisibles/tratamiento farmacológico , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales Generales , Antibacterianos/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Resumo Estudos sobre a efetividade das compras públicas frequentemente enfatizam o preço de aquisição. Pouco se sabe, contudo, sobre outras dimensões de desempenho das contratações realizadas pelo governo, incluindo as relações de interdependência entre custo de aquisição e qualidade. Usando a celeridade na entrega como dimensão alternativa de desempenho, este estudo investigou quais são os mecanismos que ajudam a compreender a redução dos preços contratados e dos prazos de entrega dos objetos adquiridos por meio de compras públicas eletrônicas, bem como a influência da economia obtida na fase de licitação sobre a celeridade da entrega. Analisando uma base de dados única, com informações detalhadas de 3.755 processos de compras realizadas por um órgão do governo federal, constatou-se que, embora as licitações eletrônicas sejam eficazes para reduzir preços contratados nos certames de intensa competição, não há relação significativa entre o acirramento da concorrência entre os participantes e a celeridade na entrega. Ademais, os resultados indicam que fornecedores com histórico de desempenho insatisfatório são exatamente aqueles que continuam comprometendo o resultado das compras públicas.
Resumen Estudios sobre la efectividad de las compras públicas frecuentemente enfatizan sobre el precio de adquisición. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre otras dimensiones de desempeño de las contrataciones realizadas por los gobiernos. Usando la rapidez en la entrega como una segunda dimensión de desempeño, este estudio investigó cuáles son los mecanismos que ayudan a comprender la reducción de los precios contratados y de los plazos de entrega de los objetos adquiridos en un portal electrónico de compras públicas, así como la influencia del ahorro obtenido en la fase de licitación sobre la rapidez en la entrega. Analizando una base de datos única, con informaciones detalladas de 3.755 procesos de compras realizadas por un órgano del gobierno federal, se comprobó que, aun cuando las licitaciones electrónicas sean eficaces para reducir los precios contratados en concursos de intensa competición, no existe una relación significativa entre la agresiva competencia entre los participantes y la rapidez en la entrega. Además, los resultados indican que proveedores con histórico de desempeño insatisfactorio son exactamente aquellos que continúan comprometiendo el resultado de las compras públicas.
Abstract Studies on the effectiveness of government procurement have a prominent focus on contracted prices. However, not much is known about other dimensions of the performance of contracts awarded by the government such as the relation of interdependence between contracted prices and quality. Using delivery time as a dimension for quality, this study explores the mechanisms that influence contracted prices and delivery time. It also discusses how price reduction influences ex-post quality in the context of government electronic procurement. Analysis using a data base with detailed information of 3,755 procurement processes executed by a Brazilian organization of the Federal Public Administration shows that, despite procurement processes being effective to reduce prices in competitive bids, there is no evidence that this price reduction negatively affects delivery time. In addition, results show that suppliers with a history of poor performance are those that keep harming government procurement performance.
Asunto(s)
Administración Pública , Propuestas de Licitación , Sector Público , GobernanzaRESUMEN
Objective:To study the new round provincial medicines centralized bidding procurement policies,and to provide reference for the improvement of provincial centralized bidding procurement work.Methods:It collected the latest provincial centralized procurement documents after the publication of Guidance on Implementing Drug Centralized Purchasing in Public Hopitols and Announcement on the Guidance on Implementing Drug Centralized Purchasing in Public Hospitals.By using literature review,comparative analysis and experts consulting,it analyzed the content of centralized bidding procurement,summaried the differences of provincial medicines centralized bidding procurement work.Results:Progress of provincial centralized bidding procurement work was not the same.There were differences in quantity purchasing,price fixing regulations,the double envelope evaluation,and other aspects.Conclusion:It needed to implement layering price fixing regulation to reflect the quality difference of medicines.The price fixing range was determined based on the average of reference prices.It needed to set reasonable economic and technical indexes,determine winning medicines by cross-referencing the economic and technical score and price,increase the number of winning medicines to ensure supply of medicines.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the function of medical consumables integrated bidding procurement and the countermeasures of medical institutions under the background of health care reform. Methods The present situation of integrated bidding procurement was analyzed,and its significance and program were described.It's suggested that the whole-course supervision and feedback evaluation be executed on procurement cycle,transaction price.Some countermeasures were proposed to optimize the distribution mode. Results The implementation of centralized bidding procurement of medical consumables helped to integrate market resources, reduce procurement and distribution costs, strengthen supply chain management and intensify market competition. Conclusion The promotion of centralized bidding procurement and distribution mode of medical consumables nationally is the inevitable trend of medical reform, which is beneficial to the benign development of the industry and ultimately benefits the patients.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the bidding evaluation method of the active medical device to meet clinical requirements. Methods The present situation of bidding purchase and bidding evaluation methods were analyzed for the active medical device, and a new evaluation method was put forward with considerations on the device's characteristics as well as its advantages in technology and commerce. Results The method contributed to purchasing the device with the highest cost-performance ratio, which showed the technical advantages of medical engineering department. Conclusion The method ensures that the purchased medical device meets clinical requirements,and enhances the social and economic benefits of the hospital.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE:To establish the essential medicine bidding evaluation model and improve the scientificity and effec-tiveness of essential medicine bidding and procurement. METHODS:Combined with the main objective of essential medicine cen-tralized bidding and procurement,a criteria bidding evaluation index system for essential medicine was established,and a bidding evaluation model for essential medicine was built based on fuzzy group decision making and the feasibility was verified by exam-ples. RESULTS:The essential medicine evaluation model based on fuzzy evaluation and group decision making was established, and empirical analysis for Atorvastatin Calcium tablet was used to show the feasibility of evaluation model. CONCLUSIONS:The essential medicine evaluation model based on fuzzy group decision making can scientifically and effectively accomplish a compre-hensive evaluation of pharmaceutical enterprises,which builds the foundation for promoting the transparency of essential medicine bidding and procurement work and reducing the economic burden for the patients.
RESUMEN
Objecive To discuss the importance of medical equipment procurement bidding parameters and to enhance their formation.Methods The whole course was described for medical equipment bidding,and the importance and problems of medical equipment bidding parameters were analyzed in detail.The considerations during the parameters formation were explored including the elements,skills,methods,announcements and etc.Results The bidding parameters were of great importance for the quality of procured medical equipment and the satisfaction of equipment user.Conclusion Rational bidding parameters contribute to enhancing medical equipment quality and medical institution benefit.
RESUMEN
Objective: To summarize the typical experiences and practices based on the quality evaluation of medical consumables in foreign countries and the practice of drug bidding in China,and to explore the establishment of a bidding grouping scheme for medical consumables in China. Methods: Using literature analysis and evaluation method of combing foreign countries typical measures of medical consumables quality assessment,this paper summa-rized the construction of index system of bidding in China Pharmaceutical Group, and used simple statistical data to reflect the present policy of China's medical supplies such as lack of relevant policies,different levels of quality etc.. Results:There are many problems in the quality evaluation of medical consumables in China. However, the typical measures of extraterritorial quality evaluation and the practice of pharmaceutical bidding in China provide a solid theo-retical and practical basis for the establishment of medical consumable supplies bidding grouping. Conclusion:Estab-lishing bidding grouping scheme is necessary in the Chinese Medical supplies context. Based on a clear difference be-tween medical supplies and medicines,and according to the"three stage"our conceptualization gradually improved. On the basis of the existing data and practical situation,the establishment of scientific selection index bidding group division standard,has been in the exploration of the formation of China's medical supplies bidding grouping scheme.
RESUMEN
Objecive To discuss the importance of medical equipment procurement bidding parameters and to enhance their formation.Methods The whole course was described for medical equipment bidding,and the importance and problems of medical equipment bidding parameters were analyzed in detail.The considerations during the parameters formation were explored including the elements,skills,methods,announcements and etc.Results The bidding parameters were of great importance for the quality of procured medical equipment and the satisfaction of equipment user.Conclusion Rational bidding parameters contribute to enhancing medical equipment quality and medical institution benefit.
RESUMEN
Objective To analyze the problems frequently found in medical equipment bidding at public hospitals and come up with countermeasures for building a scientific and standardized bidding procedure.Methods 168 cases of medical equipment bidding of the hospital in the recent five years served as objects of study,for a full-process longitudinal study.It covered the preparation of technical parameters,compilation of bidding documentation,bid opening/evaluation process,all the way to final acceptance and after-sales service,and complaints responses.Results In the 168 cases,imported equipments accounted for 86.90%;only 16.07% of the purchases involved consumables,yet their importance deserved high attention;59.52% of the equipments involved after-sales maintenance costs,calling for regular maintenance to ensure smooth operation of the equipments.Conclusions Quality of domestic equipments should be enhanced,for optimization of the ratio between domestic and imported equipments;equipment purchase,after-sales service and consumables purchase should be taken into account in general;scientific evaluation levels and standards should be established to enhance supervision,for the purpose of scientific and rational purchase of medical equipments.
RESUMEN
Objective Discussion on the countermeasures of scientific research materials bidding and purchasing under the background of Internet +.Methods Expounds the development trend of Internet +- and its significance and influence on the bidding and purchasing of scientific research materials,and makes a preliminary discussion on how to do well on the bidding and purchasing of scientific research materials under the background of Internet +.Results The integration development of the Internet + and the various fields has become the trend of the times,Internet + bidding and purchasing is the development direction and inevitable choice for the scientific research materials bidding and purchasing,Should strengthen the Internet +-thinking and ideas,Improve the relevant institutional mechanisms,Speeding up the construction of electronic bidding and purchasing system,Strengthen the research and application of big data.Conclusions Should actively explore and practice,to promote the depth of integration and rapid development of Internet + scientific research materials bidding and purchasing.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE:To provide policy recommendations for improvement of the pooled medicines procurement policy through legal analysis. METHODS:The pooled medicines procurement policies in China were reviewed and compared with related laws and regulations to analyze the problems and put forward recommendations. RESULTS:For the pooled medicines procurement policy,there were several conflicts between it and the Bidding Law,Government Procurement Law,Anti-monopoly Law and An-ti-unfair Competition Law. In terms of the pooled medicines procurement institution,there were conflicts between it and Bidding Law,Government Procurement Law. In terms of the price-volume linkage and the main body of tendering,there were conflicts be-tween it and the Bidding Law. In terms of the organization and participants,there were conflicts between it and the Anti-monopoly Law and Anti-unfair Competition Law. CONCLUSIONS:The pooled medicines procurement system should rationalize the main body of tendering,insist on volume secured procurement and price-volume linkage,establish reasonable incentive mechanism through supporting heath system reform policies,eatablish and perfect modern government principles in the field of medicines regulation. The pooled drug procurement policy should be moderately adjusted to follow the above laws in order to raise the procurement efficiency.
RESUMEN
Scoring methods used in bidding directly affects the bidding results,it is thus of great importance for the scoring methods used in acquisition of Chinese books to assure the academic level of books bought by college and university libraries and improve the efficacy of funds for acquisition of books.A scientific,rational,standardized and practical comprehensive evaluation method for bidding of acquisition of Chinese books was established by analyzing the application of comprehensive evaluation method in 14 college and university libraries of Shandong Province in order to provide reference for bidding of acquisition of Chinese books in college and university libraries.
RESUMEN
Trata-se de estudo da legalidade da exigência em licitações públicas, a título de qualificação técnica, de apresentação de Certificado de Boas Práticas de Fabricação e Controle CBPFC, dos produtos sujeitos à Vigilância Sanitária, documento expedido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária ANVISA, a partir da legislação brasileira que rege a matéria, contextualizando com a doutrina pátria e o entendimento do Tribunal de Contas da União TCU. A análise do tema revela o aspecto polêmico da questão e nos permitiu firmar o entendimento pela regularidade da obrigação, pois se conclui que o bem principal a ser tutelado é o direito à saúde dos cidadãos, visto que consumir produto sem a antecedente e imprescindível inspeção sanitária e consequente certificação, pode ocasionar a exposição a grave risco à saúde dos usuários, assumindo maior importância a exigência de qualificação técnica, uma vez que a qualidade do objeto contratado pela Administração Pública está diretamente relacionada à proteção da saúde da população.
Study of the legality of the requirement in public bidding, by way of technical qualification, the presentation of the Certificate of Good Manufacturing Fabrication Practices and Control - CBPFC of the products susceptible to Sanitary Surveillance, document issued by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance - ANVISA, from the Brazilian legislation that rule the matter, contextualizing with the homeland doctrine and the understanding of the Court Union Account - TCU. The theme analysis shows the polemic aspect of the question e allowed us to firm the understanding for the regularity of the obligation, because it concludes that the main good to be pupil is the citizens right to health, since consuming a product without the antecedent and indispensable sanitary inspection and consequent certification, may cause the exposure to serious health risk to the consumers, assuming more importance on technical qualification requirement, once the quality of the contracted object for the Public Administration is directly related to the population health protection.
Estudio acerca de la legalidad de la exigencia en pliegos gubernamentales, a título de calificación técnica, de presentación de la "Certificación de Buenas Prácticas en Fabricación y Control (CBPFC)", expedido por la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria (ANVISA), con base en la normatividad brasileña acerca del tema, y teniendo en cuenta la doctrina brasileña y la jurisprudencia de la Corte de Cuentas de Brasil (TCU). El análisis del tema comprueba el aspecto controvertido de esa cuestión y se nos permite suponer tratarse de obligación regular, una vez que se concluye ser el derecho de los ciudadanos a salud el bien más relevante, pues el consumo de productos sin la previa y necesaria inspección sanitaria y la certificación resultante puede generar la exposición a severos riesgos a la salud de los usuarios. Resulta por lo tanto aún más importante la exigencia de calificación técnica pues la calidad del objeto contratado por la Administración Pública está directamente vinculada a la protección de la salud de la población.
RESUMEN
In 2015 , policy reforms on centralized drug purchasing system have been released one by one , and the quality of medicines has been highly valued .Centralized drug purchasing system distinguishes different qualities of drugs mainly through bidding grouping , in order to achieve “uality priority”.However , there are yet some existing problems in group bidding policy at present , such as lack of a unified hierarchy , no scientific indicators and so on , which inevitably weaken the leading role of centralized purchasing policy over the quality of medicines .This paper , focuses on the study of group bidding , and the existing main problems are found through the statistical analysis of rel-evant policies introduced in different provinces .Finally, it explores some optimization strategies for “Group Bidding”which is of paramount importance .