RESUMEN
Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or lack of reaction to pleasurable stimuli, which is a promising phenotype of depression. In order to explore the potential biological mechanism, the recent ad?vances were summarized from researches focused on depression with anhedonia from neuroanatomy,inflamma?tion and immunology,and molecular genetics. The structural and functional brain imaging showed that the ac?tivity in reward?related brain regions of the depressive disorder with an anhedonia was changed during re?ward?related tasks.In addition,some other genetic studies based on the related neurotransmitter,such as do?pamine, together with the findings from the researches on immunological inflammation, may shed light on finding the potential targets for novel antidepressants,besides the 5?HT.
RESUMEN
Neuroblastoma(NB)is the most common solid extracranial tumor of children,which is obviously heterogenous in the positions,histopathological features,and biological characteristics. One of the most intractable issues in the current clinical treatment is the poor prognosis in high - risk and advanced stage of NB. In recent years,numerous studies have been conducted on molecular biological mechanisms of NB. Researches demonstrate that tumorigenesis is related to various factors,including chromosome,oncogene,and antioncogene abnormalities;carcinogenesis related genes (involving cell proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis,chemoresistance and intracellular signal transduction system)ab-normalities. Some specific information(such as chromosome 1p status,MYCN expression,and DNA ploidy)has become the important basis for judging prognosis and grouping the patients by risks. Meanwhile,there are still many discovered NB - related molecular biological mechanisms which are not yet included in the risk stratification system. Further development of targeted drugs for those molecules may be of great significance in increasing the survival rate of patients and improving the prognosis.
RESUMEN
La influenza estacional y pandémica continúa siendo un desafío para los investigadores y clínicos. Se realiza una revisión de los mecanismos biológicos implicados en el comportamiento epidemiológico y patogénico de la influenza, así como de algunos aspectos generales de sus manifestaciones clínicas y la terapéutica antiviral
The seasonal and pandemic influenza remains as a challenge for researchers and clinicians. Authors carry out a review of biological mechanisms involved in epidemiological and pathogenic of influenza, as well as of some general features of its clinical manifestations and the antiviral therapy