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Background: Fatigue is a common complaint among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that can undermine the daily functional activities of a person. The objectives of the study were to assess the fatigue in patients of newly diagnosed type 2 DM and to relate fatigue with blood glucose parameters (BGP) and glycemic control.Methods: A total 50 patients of type 2 DM, diagnosed as per American Diabetes Association 2011 criteria, were enrolled in the study group. Each subject was evaluated two times for fatigue using Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) scale. 1st assessment was at the time of enrollment and 2nd was done after achieving target control of type 2 DM. Values of Fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), blood glucose variability (BGV) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were obtained for each subject at each assessment. Data collected was analyzed statistically.Results: Mean age of study group was 50.7±8.9 years with male to female ratio of 1.17:1. Mean values of MFSI-SF score at 1st and 2nd assessment were 14.10±17.97 and 4.64±14.06, respectively indicating a statistically significant improvement in fatigue (p<0.05) after achieving target control. Overall fatigue, general fatigue, emotional fatigue, and vigor score correlated significantly with glycemic control (HbA1c) with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.337, 0.351, 0 .339, and - 0.281, respectively (all p <0.05).Conclusions: Fatigue had a positive correlation with FBG, PPBG and BGV and HbA1c. A significant improvement in all the parameters of fatigue was noted after control of diabetic status.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between blood glucose variability and poor prognosis in diabetes patients with acute stroke. Methods A total of 1 5 5 diabetes patients with acute stroke were divided into glucose variability group(n= 92,GluSD≥1. 4 mmol/L)and non-glucose variability group(n= 63,GluSD<1. 4 mmol/L)according to the GluSD levels. Then,the subjects in glucose variability group were divided into three subgroups according to GluSD levels:the lowest tertile group (GluSD 1. 42~1. 87 mmol/L),the middle tertile group(GluSD 1. 43~2. 32 mmol/L)and the highest tertile group(GluSD 2. 33~2. 87 mmol/L). All patients accepted 72 h CGM after admission. NIHSS score, MoCA scale and Barthel index were used to assess short-term prognosis. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis. Results The levels of FPG [(8. 49± 1. 71 )vs (7. 33 ± 1. 58 )mmol/L],HbA1 c [(8. 61 ± 0. 55 )% vs (7. 14 ± 0. 43 )%]GluAve, GluMAGE,GluGLI and GluCV were higher in glucose variability group than in non-glucose variability group(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 ). GluAve,GluMAGE,GluGLI and GluCV were higher in the highest tertile group than in the lowest tertile group (P<0. 05 ). With the increase of GluSD level,NIHSS score increased,MoCA score and Barthel index reduced (P<0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,HbA1 c,GluAve,GluCV and NIHSS score were risk factors for poor prognosis(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion Blood glucose variability is related to poor prognosis in diabetes patients with acute stroke,suggesting that reducing blood glucose fluctuations may be more beneficial to improve outcomes in the treatment of hypoglycemia.
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Objective To explore the correlation of blood glucose variability and TCM syndromes in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 64 type 2 diabetic patients from China-Japan Friendship Hospital during Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2013 with complete clinical data were measured by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMs) for 3 days. Patients were divided into empirical group and deficiency group. The empirical group included heat excess and fluid deficiency syndrome, phlegm-dampness stagnation syndrome and blood stasis syndrome. The deficiency group included qi-yin deficiency syndrome and yin-yang deficiency syndrome. The mean blood glucose (MBG), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) were compared between the groups and types in each group, and the correlation with TCM syndrome types were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in MBG between two groups (P>0.05). MAGE in deficiency group was higher than that in empirical group (P0.05), but in deficiency group, MAGE in yin-yang deficiency syndrome was higher than that in qi-yin deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). Conclusion Blood glucose variability has no correlation with MBG in type 2 diabetic patients. Glucose showed significant variability in deficiency group, and the most serious glucose variability was found in type of yin-yang deficiency syndrome.
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Recently,basic and clinical researches have shown that blood glucose variability is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications.Thus,ideal control of blood glucose is not only to reach the HbA1Ctarget,but also to minimize blood glucose variability.Different glycemic parameters could be selectedaccording to different purpose of evaluation,in which the mean amplitude of glucose excursions(MAGE) and the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) could be used as accurate and simple assessment parameters respectively.
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，and 17.47%.Conclusions Xylitol can lower the blood glucose a littte but without significant difference.It has little effect on blood glucose variability of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be safely used for rehydration.