Correlation Between Peripheral Blood Biomarkers and Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Treatment on Lung Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the predictive and guiding significance of peripheral blood biomarkers on the therapeutic effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment on lung cancer patients. Methods We collected the data of 200 lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment, including clinical indicators, peripheral blood indicators, efficacy indicators and survival indicators. Results The DCR of patients with non-hepatic metastasis, immune combined chemotherapy, NLR≤2.81 and LDH≤202.5 u/L was higher (P < 0.05). The AUC value of NLR combined with LDH predicting DCR was 0.698 (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that non-hepatic metastasis, first-line immunotherapy, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and LDH≤202.5 u/L were related to PFS (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the patients with non-hepatic metastasis and LDH≤202.5 u/L had longer PFS (P < 0.05). The significant decrease of NLR and LDH after two cycles of immunotherapy indicated the effectiveness of immunotherapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion NLR≤2.81, LDH≤202.5 u/L, non-hepatic metastasis and immunotherapy combined chemotherapy are positively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy. Non-hepatic metastasis and LDH≤202.5 u/L are independent prognostic factors of the patients treated with immunotherapy. The changes of peripheral blood NLR and LDH are related to the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment.

Maturation of arteriovenous fistula: Analysis of key factors

The growing proportion of individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease has considerable repercussions for both kidney specialists and primary care. Progressive and permanent renal failure is most frequently treated with hemodialysis. The efficiency of hemodialysis treatment relies on the functional status of vascular access. Determining the type of vascular access has prime significance for maximizing successful maturation of a fistula and avoiding surgical revision. Despite the frequency of arteriovenous fistula procedures, there are no consistent criteria applied before creation of arteriovenous fistulae. Increased prevalence and use of arteriovenous fistulae would result if there were reliable criteria to assess which arteriovenous fistulae are more likely to reach maturity without additional procedures. Published studies assessing the predictive markers of fistula maturation vary to a great extent with regard to definitions, design, study size, patient sample, and clinical factors. As a result, surgeons and specialists must decide which possible risk factors are most likely to occur, as well as which parameters to employ when evaluating the success rate of fistula development in patients awaiting the creation of permanent access. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the role of patient factors and blood markers in the development of arteriovenous fistulae.

Maturation of arteriovenous fistula: Analysis of key factors

The growing proportion of individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease has considerable repercussions for both kidney specialists and primary care. Progressive and permanent renal failure is most frequently treated with hemodialysis. The efficiency of hemodialysis treatment relies on the functional status of vascular access. Determining the type of vascular access has prime significance for maximizing successful maturation of a fistula and avoiding surgical revision. Despite the frequency of arteriovenous fistula procedures, there are no consistent criteria applied before creation of arteriovenous fistulae. Increased prevalence and use of arteriovenous fistulae would result if there were reliable criteria to assess which arteriovenous fistulae are more likely to reach maturity without additional procedures. Published studies assessing the predictive markers of fistula maturation vary to a great extent with regard to definitions, design, study size, patient sample, and clinical factors. As a result, surgeons and specialists must decide which possible risk factors are most likely to occur, as well as which parameters to employ when evaluating the success rate of fistula development in patients awaiting the creation of permanent access. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the role of patient factors and blood markers in the development of arteriovenous fistulae.

Blood biochemical changes associated with acute treatment of orchis anatolica plant roots ethanol extract in adult albino rats.

We explore through this study blood parameters changes after 7 days treatment with Orchis anatolica (O. anatolica) plant roots ethanol extract in Albino rats. An intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was carried on to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the extract on blood glucose and insulin titer using Albino rats fasting for 18 hours. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels where determined throughout one hour period prior to a single treatment dose of 400mg/kg/BW O. anatolica extract. Oral treatment with O. anatolica was then performed using another group of 10 Albin rats treated with 400mg/kg/BW/day for 7 days and where compared with a control group. Using UV/Visible spectrophotometer, glucose, cardiac and lever serum blood biochemical markers were investigated in addition to blood total protein urea. Significant reduction in cardiac markers namely serum cholesterol (LDL) and Creatinin Kinase (KC) titers were detected after the treatment. Alanine AminoTransferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST and) ad, triglycerides representing hepatic markers were normal concomitant with normalized values of bilirubin, total protein and blood urea when compared with the control. Blood glucose levels were reduced to significant levels after 7 days treatment with the plant extract an observation that was further demonstrated by IPGTT. Concomitant, an increase in serum insulin level was observed also when IPGTT was performed. We can conclude that O. anatolica root extract induces hypoglycemia, insulin-releasing and cholesterol lowering effects in rats. Together, a normal biochemical marker indicates an organ protective ability of the plant.

Study of clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis.

Back ground: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, causes changes in peripheral blood markers with slight abnormal lipid profile including the production of different enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells. These changes reflect metabolic changes in the gingival and periodontium in inflammation. Design of study: This important cohort study includes 54 subjects as chronic periodontitis patients along with 26 healthy age matched controls of both sexes, In this study, different peripheral blood markers (Neutrophils,WBC,RBC,Thrombocytes and Hb%), major inflammation markers (plasma Homocysteine, CRP),Total lipid profile (Cholesterol, TGL,HDL, LDL) and salivary enzymes (CK, LDH,AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and GGT) are studied to evaluate diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic effects in this disease. Results: Due to stasis of blood stream in periodontitis causes margination of central blood stream cells and finally there will be significant correlation in Neutrophils (r=0.342), WBC(r=0.431),thrombocytes(r=0.216),RBC(r=-0.183)Hblevel(r=-0.162).Inflammation markers and total lipid profile also show significant positive correlation: plasma homocystein (r=0.763),C-reactive protein(r=0.842),Total cholesterol,TGL,LDL (r=0.134,0.529,0.293) except HDL(r= -0.734). Salivary enzymes (CK-0.923, LDH-0.314, AST-0.841, ALT-0.832,ALP-0.782, ACP-0.826 and GGT-0.794) with gingival index and pocket depth. Conclusion: By studying this simple, economical clinical parameters we can assess the damage of periodontal tissue and useful in prediction of future risk of atherosclerosis in chronic periodontal patients.