Identification of genetic variants the CCKAR gene and based on body measurement and carcass quality characteristics in Qinchuan beef cattle (Bos taurus)

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore genetic polymorphisms of the CCKAR gene and their relationship with the growth and development of Qinchuan cattle which could be used as molecular markers for the improvement of the breeding of Qinchuan cattle. RESULTS: Here, we have identified seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at loci g. 1463 C>G; g. 1532 T>A; g. 1570 G>A; g. 1594 C>A; g. 1640 T>C; g. 1677 G>C; and g. 1735 C>T in the coding region of the bovine CCKAR gene. The frequencies identified on allelic and genotypic characteristics have shown that all seven SNPs diverged from the Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium. The SNP2, SNP3, SNP6 and SNP7 had the lowest polymorphism information content values, and remaining SNPs were found to be moderate (0.25 < PIC < 0.50). The genotype CG in SNP1 at loci g.1463 C>G had the greatest association with WH, HW, CD and CCF, while the genotype TA at the very same loci was associated with BFT, ULA and IMF content in Qinchuan cattle. The CCKAR gene expression level in adipose tissue, small intestine, liver and skeleton muscle was found to be higher, whereas, the expression level of mRNA in organs of other digestive system including reticulum, abomasum and omasum was moderate. Some expression of CCKAR mRNA was found in the large intestine, kidney and rumen. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our finding suggested that the CCKAR gene could be used as a potential candidate for the improvement of carcass quality and body measurements of Qinchuan cattle.

Relevance between the facial morphology and nasal index: analysis of 210 young Han women in Henan / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the facial morphology and the nasal shape for young women of Han nationality in Henan.Methods Aiming at the female conscripts in Henan province in 2016,210 healthy young females were enrolled in this study,and their anthropometric features were measured including height,weight,total head height,physiognomic facial height,morphological facial height,upper lip height,lip height,facial width,mandibular width,mouth breadth,nasal height,nasal length,nasal depth,and width of nose.The nasal indexes were divided into 5 groups according to different facial types.And their mean and standard deviation were calculated.The differences were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0.Results Among the indexes measured,there were significant differences in height,face height,shape face height,upper lip height,face width,mandibular width,head height/face width,face height/face width,shape face height/face width and nose index;P values were significant.The classification of facial types was based on the ratio of morphological surface index to area width,and the main types of the groups were mid-facial and narrow-facial types.The differences among different facial types were statistically significant (F =12.75,P＜0.05).The scatter plot showed that there was a linear correlation between nasal index and facial shape.Linear regression analysis showed that the linear equation Y=135.84-75.5X (X is the ratio of morphological index to facial width,Y is the nasal index).Conclusions Nasal type is related to the face type.The linear fitting equation between morphological facial height/facial width and nasal index is Y=135.84-75.5x.These findings may enrich the external nasal database,provide reference for the correction of nasal deformity and nasal reconstruction,and direct the clinical therapy.

Preliminary Study on Visual Technology in Human Anthropometry Measurement for Automotive Design

This paper reviews various papers since the year 2000 until 2016 regarding visual technology in human anthropometrystudy, and discusses three major points; (1) the methods and objectives of the research, (2) the subjects of theexperiments and (3) body parts involved in the anthropometrical measurements. Measurement using visualtechnology is claimed to be more accurate in obtaining anthropometrical data compared to the conventional methodusing manual tools. However, commercial visual technology system can be very costly. Based on the reviewedstudies, a significant amount of research has adopted various visual processing methods to predict the human’s bodymeasurement. All of the studies utilized the applications of enhanced technologies that are able to reduce time andhuman errors that normally occur during traditional hand-operated measurement. Usually, in order to prove thattheir result is promising, the studies compared their results with the results gained from manual measurement. Thefinding from this review is a preliminary step towards developing a camera-based system in anthropometrymeasurement for the use in automotive ergonomics design.

Study on the Bone-length Measurement, Bone-proportional Measurement, and Body-length Measurement in Acupoints Location and Their Relations / 上海针灸杂志

The accurate location of acupoints is the prerequisite for the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are commonly used in clinic for acupoints location. Based on the systematic review of the ancient literatures, this article discussed the meaning, evolution and relations of bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement. It’s concluded that the bone-length measurement should be a benchmark in ancient anthropometry and an important basis for acupoints location. Bone proportional measurement, used in different genders, ages and body sizes, was based on the relatively stable proportional relations of various body parts, though some of the standards were adjusted in accordance with the correlation between meridians and acupoints. Location of points by proportional unit of the body simplified the application of bone-length measurement and bone proportional measurement, based on the ratio between short and long bones or the ratio of same body parts in anthropometry. However, proportional unit of the body measurement should be applied for the specific body parts. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are correspondingly the benchmark measurement, relative measurement, and simplified measurement.

Expression profiles and polymorphism analysis of CDIPT gene on Qinchuan cattle

Background CDIPT (CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase, EC 2.7.8.11) was found on the cytoplasmic side of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. It was an integral membrane protein performing the last step in the de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). In recent years, PtdIns has been considered to play an essential role in energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolic pathway and intracellular signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. Results In this study, the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the expression of CDIPT gene was remarkably different in diverse tissues. We also detected the polymorphism of bovine CDIPT gene and analyzed its association with body measurement and meat quality traits of Qinchuan cattle. Blood samples were obtained from 638 Qinchuan cattle aged from 18 to 24 months. DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to find CDIPT gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Three SNPs g.244T>C (NCBI: rs42069760), g.1496G>A and g.1514G>A were found in this study. g.244T>C located at 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of exon 1 showed three genotypes: TT, TC and CC. g.1496G>A and g.1514G>A detected the first time were located in intron 3 and showed the same genotypes: GG, GA and AA. Conclusions Analysis results showed that these three SNPs were significantly associated with body measurement traits (BMTs) and meat quality traits (MQTs). We suggested that CDIPT gene may have potential effects on BMTs and MQTs and can be used for marker-assisted selection.

Corredores de rua: características demográficas, treinamento e prevalência de lesões / Recreational road runners: injuries, training, demographics and physical characteristics

O objetivo deste estudo foi: identificar características físicas, demográficas, de treinamento e a prevalência delesões musculares/osteoarticulares em corredores de rua amadores. Verificar também o grau de associação entre lesões com a idade, freqüência do treinamento diário e semanal, distância percorrida por semana, orientação especializada, prática de outra atividade física e tempo de prática da corrida. Além disso, mediu-se o perímetro da cintura, massa corporal e estatura e, assim, também se determinou o índice de massa corporal (IMC) dos corredores. O grupo estudado foi composto por 115 homens, participantes de provas realizadas em Santa Catarina, no ano de 2006: 22ª Maratona de Blumenau e 5º Desafio Praias e Trilhas (Florianópolis). A estatística descritiva e o teste do Qui-quadrado foram utilizados para caracterização do grupo e para verificar a associação da prevalência de lesões com as variáveis estudadas, tendo como referência p<0,05. Os corredores de rua apresentaram as seguintes características: 63,2% com idade entre 18-50 anos e 36,8% acima de 50 anos; 24,3% cursaram ensino fundamental, 35,4% o ensino médio e 40% o superior; a renda familiar de R$ 300-999 (23,3%), 45,2% entre R$ 1000-2900 e 31,3% maior de R$ 3000; 72% corriam regularmente há mais de seis anos e 57% recebiam orientação especializada; 56,5% corriam mais de 64 km por semana. A prevalência de lesões no período de um ano foi de 37,7%; os valores médios de IMC e perímetro da cintura estavam adequados à saúde. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre a prevalência de lesões e as outras variáveis analisadas.

The purpose of this study was to study recreational road runners in order to identify: their physical characteristics, demographics, running profile (training distance, frequency, duration, and experience) and the prevalence of injuries and their association with age, running profile, and other sports practiced. Body mass, height (from which BMI was calculated) and waist circumference were also measured. The sample of runners was composed of 115 men who participated in two events organized in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in 2006: 22nd Maratona de Blumenau and 5th Desafi o Praias e Trilhas (Florianópolis). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to identify associations between injury prevalence and other variables (p<.05). The majority of the runners were aged between 18 and 50 years (63.2%), with 36.8% older than 50 years. In terms of educational level 24.3% had attended only elementary school, 35.4% high school, and 40% degree courses. Monthly family income (based on Brazilian minimum wage in Reais - R$ 380.00) varied between R$ 300 and R$ 999 for 23.3% of the runners, between R$ 1000 and R$ 2900 for 45.2%, and above R$ 3000 for 31.3% of them. Seventy two percent of them have been running regularly for more than 6 years, and 57% had received specialist guidance for running; 56.5% run more than 64 km/week. The injury prevalence for one year was 37.7%; BMI and waist circumference were within healthy limits. No associations were found between injury prevalence and other variables studied.

Wearing Sensibility Related to Body Shape in Middle Aged Women / 체질인류학회지

The present study was performed to examine wearing sensibility related to body shape in middle aged women. Body measurements, front and side views and index values between girth measurements were used as the body shape comparison elements. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Bust girth, waist girth and hip girth in middle aged women showed greater values (respectively : 6%, 11.4% and 3.4%) than in young aged women. 2. For the drop value between hip girth and bust girth, the results were 7.3 cm in tweenties, 3.6 cm in thirties, 4.2 cm in forties, 1.5 cm in fifties and 0.7 cm in sixties. 3. Front and side shape examination: Assuming a value of 1.00 for the waist breadth and waist depth, the results in middle aged women were 0.7 and 1.2 in nipple and hip breadth, and 1.1 and 1.1 in bust and hip depth. 4. The sensibility related to body shape, abdoman, waist and arm were most reshaped elements by aging.

A Study on the Physical Growth Status in the Korean School Girls from 7 to 10 Years of Age / 체질인류학회지

The stature, span, lower limb length, sitting height, head length and head breadth of 411 Korean elementary school girls ranging from 7 to 10 years of age were measured biometrically and the indices among all of the items were calculated to investigate the physical growth status. The following conclusion have been obtained. 1. The average statures were 117.40cm in 7, 122.72cm in 8, 126.76cm in 9 and 132.92cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average stature growth was 5.17cm. 2. The average spans were 113.12cm in 7, 118.70cm in 8, 124.26cm in 9, 130.46cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average span growth was 5.78cm. 3. The average lower limb lengths were 62.96cm in 7, 66.80cm in 8, 69.09cm in 9 and 73.13cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average lower length growth was 3.39cm 4. The average sitting heights were 65.82cm in 7, 68.56cm in 8, 70.18cm in 9 and 73.13cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average sitting height growth was 2.43cm. 5. The average body weights were 21.22kg in 7, 24.13kg in 8, 25.54kg in 9 and 29.27kg in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average body weight growth was 2.68kg. 6. The average head lengths were 16.29cm in 7, 16.38cm in 8, 16.47cm in 9 and 16.60cm in 10 yeras of age groups, and the annual average head length growth was 0.10cm. 7. The average head breadth were 14.50cm in 7, 14.65cm in 8, 14.67cm in 9 and 14.81cm in 10 years of age groups, and the annual average head breadth growth was 0.10cm. 8. While both relative span and lower limb length increased with age and the relative sitting height slightly decreased with age. 9. The relative body weight increased with age. 10. The head type depended on cephalic index was belonged to hyperbrachycephaly, and showed no differrences with age in all of the groups. 11. The relative span was over 96 in all age groups, and the value increased slightly with age. 12. The average annual growth showed remarkable high value between 9 to 10 years of age in the items of stature, span, lower limb length, sitting height and body weight.