Síndrome de Boerhaave: a propósito de dos casos / Two Case Reports of Boerhaave’s Syndrome

El síndrome de Boerhaave es un tipo de ruptura esofágica barogénica, causada por un aumento rápido en la presión intraluminal en un esófago previamente sano, habitualmente, en su tercio distal. Esta enfermedad es muy rara y tiene una alta mortalidad, con muy pocas series de casos reportados en la literatura. Las tasas de mortalidad estimadas van hasta el 40%; aunque el manejo en manos experimentadas en un cuadro diagnosticado a tiempo ha mostrado impactar positivamente el pronóstico de los pacientes. Desafortunadamente, debido a la baja frecuencia de la enfermedad, aún no hay un consenso claro respecto al mejor enfoque terapéutico. Aquí presentamos el cuadro clínico de dos pacientes que fueron diagnosticados en nuestra institución, se describe el cuadro clínico, se presentan las imágenes diagnósticas y se realiza una revisión de tema.

Boerhaave’s syndrome is a type of esophageal rupture caused by a rapid increase in intraluminal pressure in a previously healthy esophagus. The rupture usually occurs in the distal third of the esophagus. This condition has a high mortality rate and is very rare with very few cases reported in the literature. Estimates of mortality rates range as high as 40%, but management by experienced physicians combined with early diagnosis early has been shown to positively impact patients’ prognoses. Unfortunately due to the condition´s low frequency, no clear consensus exists regarding the best therapeutic approach. Here we present the clinical features of two patients who were diagnosed at our institution, present diagnostic images, and review the topic.

A Case of Boerhaave's Syndrome Involving Nasogastric Tube Penetration into the Pleural Cavity / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Boerhaave's syndrome, spontaneous esophageal rupture, is lethal and associated with a 70% survival rate despite emergent surgical management in recent reports. Early diagnosis and management is critical for more favorable outcome. But, it is difficult to diagnose early because of the low incidence and lack of specific symptoms and signs. We experienced 37 year-old male patient with Boerhaave's syndrome who was heavy drinker, and suffered from chronic renal failure. He visited a hospital because of hematemesis and severe back pain. He was transferred to our hospital with a nasogastric tube insertion, which was penetrating the distal esophagus. A radiologic examination revealed that the distal tip was located in the left pleural cavity. It was assumed that the tube had passed through the preexisting perforation site. Operation was not performed emergently due to delay in diagnosis and severe hyperkalemia. The patient was in a septic condition, but had recovered slowly after systemic broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, pleural drainage and intrapleural antibiotic injections. An esophagography revealed no leakage of gastro-grafin on the 14th hospital day, and he later completely recovered from sepsis.