A case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma diagnosed by bone marrow cell morphology / 中华检验医学杂志

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare malignant vascular tumor. Its malignancy is between benign hemangioma and highly malignant angiosarcoma. It originates from vascular endothelial cells or pre-endothelial cells. It is characterized by the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells with a skin-like or histiocyte-like appearance. The incidence of EHE is less than 1% in all vascular tumors, and it can occur in multiple parts of the body, most often in the liver, followed by simultaneous involvement of the liver and lung, the lung alone, and the bone alone. At present, there is no report of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma diagnosed by bone marrow cell morphological examination in China. In this case, abnormal cells were found through bone marrow cell morphological examination, which guided the direction of further diagnosis and treatment. And finally the patient was diagnosed as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The bone marrow cell morphological examination can provided an important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma needs to be differentiated from a variety of benign and malignant angiogenic tumors, especially other types of epithelioid angiogenic tumors. At present, it has been found that the disease has characters of cytogenetic and molecular biological abnormalities. Combined with histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical examination, we can make the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Morphological Characteristics of Bone Marrow Cells in Patients with EB Virus Infection / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Review and analyze the characteristics of bone marrow cell morphology in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and explore the diagnostic value of bone marrow cell morphology for the early identification of EBV infection.@*METHODS@#A total of 33 patients with EBV-DNA positive detection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2018 to May 2021 were collected as the research objects. Bone marrow cell morphology and peripheral blood cell analysis were performed, and the significance in disease diagnosis was analyzed by statistical methods.@*RESULTS@#The sampling satisfaction of 33 patients with EBV infection was 100%. In the clinical diagnosis of all cases, 7 cases were IM, 17 cases were EBV-HLH, 3 cases were lymphoma, 2 cases were EBV-associated lymphoid hyperplasia, and 4 cases were not diagnosed. Among them, 31 patients had active bone marrow hyperplasia or above, 26 patients had active granulocytic hyperplasia or above, 21 patients had active erythroid hyperplasia or above, and 17 cases of megakaryocyte production platelet function decreased. The abnormal components of bone marrow mainly indude atypical lymphocyte cells (33 cases), hemophagocytic cells (22 cases), abnormal histiocyte (10 cases).@*CONCLUSION@#According to the proliferation of granulocytes, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and the emergence of abnormal components such as atypical lymphocytes, hemophagocyte, abnormal histiocyte. Bone marrow cell morphological examination can indicate the possibility of EBV infection, which is certain diagnostic value for early identification of EBV infection.

IL-32-induced Inflammatory Cytokines Are Selectively Suppressed by α1-antitrypsin in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells

The induction of interleukin (IL)-32 in bone marrow (BM) inflammation is crucial in graft versus host disease (GvHD) that is a common side effect of allogeneic BM transplantation. Clinical trials on α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in patients with GvHD are based on the preliminary human and mouse studies on AAT reducing the severity of GvHD. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is an IL-32-binding protein that was isolated from human urine. IL-32 primarily induces inflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells, probably due to PR3 expression on the membrane of the myeloid lineage cells. The inhibitory activity of AAT on serine proteinases may explain the anti-inflammatory effect of AAT on GvHD. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of AAT on BM cells remains unclear. Mouse BM cells were treated with IL-32γ and different inflammatory stimuli to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of AAT. Recombinant AAT-Fc fusion protein inhibited IL-32γ-induced IL-6 expression in BM cells, but failed to suppress that induced by other stimuli. In addition, the binding of IL-32γ to PR3 was abrogated by AAT-Fc. The data suggest that the specific anti-inflammatory effect of AAT in mouse BM cells is due to the blocking of IL-32 binding to membrane PR3.

Effects of modified Siwutang aqueous extract on mobilization and plantation of bone marrow cells in mice after acute myocardial infarction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Modified Siwutang aqueous extract (mSWT) on bone marrow cell mobilization and plantation in mice after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The AMI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery in Kunming mice.Bone marrow cells were marked by injection of DAPI into the cavitas medullaris of shin bones.Mice were administered with mSWT 60 mg/kg by intragastric administration once a day after surgery.After haematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescent staining,the plantation of bone marrow cells in AMI area and microvessel density were detected by histopathological assay.The EPCs proportion of peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry.Results Compared with model mice,infarct size obviously was decreased after mSWT 60 mg/kg treatment,with EPCs ratio increased significantly.Inflammatory cell infiltration of myocardium was much less.Myocardium cellular degeneration and necrosis,fibrosis were reduced,which survival cardiac muscle tissue was increased.DAPI positive cells of plantation and survive were found in AMI region of mSWT group.The number of positive cells were increased in mSWT group than that of model group.There were lot of microvessels of vWF positive expresseion in mSWT than model group.Conclusion:mSWT significantly improved histopathology of AMI mice.The mechanism may be involved in moved bone marrow cells,homed to AMI area and promote angiogenesis.

Immunophenotyping and bone marrow hematology analysis in acute myelocytic leukemia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance in diagnosis and prognostic judgments of acute myelocytic leukemia with combined detection of morphology ,peripheral blood and immune typing of bone marrow cells .Methods Microscopic examina‐tion of bone marrow cell morphology ,automatic blood cell analyzer detection of peripheral blood parameter and flow cytometry anal‐ysis of immune markers of leukemia cells ,all these datas were analyzed statistically .Results Peripheral blood cell analysis showed that instruments may indicate the presence of abnormal or naive cells in about 85% patients ,different kinds of leukemia had signifi‐cant difference in total leukocyte count (majority higher in M1 - 2 ,M5 ;majority lower in M3) ;while anemia and thrombocytopenia were observed in most patients ,but the degree was different ;M1 - 2 and M5 can not be identified by classification of leukocyte by automatic blood cell analyzer ,CD7 ,CD10 and CD2 can cross express in myeloid leukemia ,which have a prompt effect with treatment and prognosis .Conclusion Detection of peripheral blood parameters has an important role in early screening ,differential diagnosis and prognosis judgment of leukemia ,immunological markers detection is the powerful supplement and support for leukemia diagno‐sis and typing ,sensitive markers have close contact with prognosis ,which significantly improves the effect of the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia .

Regulation of microRNA to the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in bone marrow-derived cells in mice with choroidal neovascularization / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV),but its mail origin is not ocular cells in situ.Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) participate in the formation of CNV and is probably a primary source of expressing MMPs in CNV.MMP-2/MMP-13 is speculated to be the regulating target genes of miR188-5p.Objective This study was to verify whether BMCs are the main source of MMPs,and whether the MMP-2/MMP-13 expression is potentially regulated by miR188-5p.Methods BMCs expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) from transgenic female C57BL/6J mice were transplanted to female wild-type C57BL/6J mice to establish C57BL/6J.GFP chimeras models,and 42 mice with chimerisms more than 85％ by flow cytometry were included as the experimental group.Other 42 wild-type C57BL/6J mice without the BMCs transplantation were enrolled as the control group.CNV was induced by laser coagulation of retinas on the mice of both groups.MMP-2/MMP-13 levels in the retinochoroid tissue were quantified by ELISA at day 1,3,5,7,10,14,and 28 after photocoagulation.The expression of miR188-5p mR NA in the retinochoroid tissue was assayed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).Immunofluorescence stain and fluorescent in situ hybridization were used to identify the MMP-2/MMP-13 and miR188-5p expressed by GFP-positive BMCs in CNV,and the expression level was quantified by images analysis.Results The proportion of GFP+ mouse mononuclear cells was (90.67±3.02) ％ in the C57BL/6J.GFP chimeras.The concentration changes of MMP-2/MMP-13 in retinochoroid homogenate showed a same tendency with the lapse of time between the experimental group and the control group (MMP-2:F=0.060,P =0.810 ; MMP-13:F =0.012,P =0.915).The expression level was zoomed in retinochoroid tissue after induce of CNV with the maximal value on the third day in both groups,and the proportion in the experimental group was 64.21％ ;while the expression level of MMP-13 was slowly raised after induce of CNV with the peak at the seventh day,and the proportion in the experimental group was 79.61％.A complementary association point of miR188-5p was exhibited in the 3 '-untranslated regions of MMP-2 or MMP-13 by target gene prediction.The expression level of miR188-5p mRNA in the BMCs of CNV area was sharply declined after induce of CNV with the lowest value on the seventh day.A negative correlation was found between the expressing level of miR188-5p and MMP-13 protein (r=-0.868,P＜0.05) as well as early stage of expression level of MMP-2 protein (r=-0.997,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions The elevation of MMP-2/MMP-13 expression levels is associated with the formation of CNV,and the regulation of miR188-5p expression in the BMCs of CNV area is responsible for increase of MMP-2/MMP-13 expression.The tendency of miR188-5p expression is inversed with MMP-2/MMP-13.

Disease constitution analysis of 4 590 children with abnormalities in the blood cells / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the significance of bone marrow cell morphology on clinical diagnosis of children hematopoietic diseases.Methods The data of bone marrow cell morphology in the bone marrow puncture specimens from 4 590 children admitted to Children' s Hospital of Shanxi Province from January 2009 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The proportion of infancy patients was the highest in 4 590 bone marrow specimens, accounting for 29.0 ％ (1 333/4 590), then that of the toddler age patients was second highest, accounting for 26.7 ％ (1 224/4 590).The constituent ratio of thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at the different ages was the highest.The most common diseases in bone marrow cell morphology diagnosis were in order of ITP, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), infectious bone marrow, leukemia (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia), aplastic anemia and so on.Conclusions Accurate analysis of bone marrow cell morphology is still the most basic and rapid approach in children with hematopoietic system disease, which has important value.Except hematopoietic system diseases, once fever of unknown origin, hepatosplenomegaly and enlargement of lymph nodes the patients should be early given bone marrow cell morphology check, early diagnosis and therapy.

The bone marrow morphology characteristics and the clinical significance of six patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the bone marrow morphology characteristics in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)and to evaluate the clinical value of bone marrow morphology examination in the diagnosis of SFTS.Methods The bone marrow morphology and clinical data of six newly diagnosed SFTS patients with positive test of novel bunyavirus infection admitted to Taizhou Hospital from July 2011 to November 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The increased ratio of lymphoid and monocytoid histiocytes (0.02 - 0.23 )and hemophagocytic phenomenon were observed in all of the six patients′ bone marrow smears.Two of the six cases were diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)according to the clinical diagnosis criteria and the remaining four cases were defined as highly suspected HLH.Conclusions The progression of SFTS disease might be closely related with HLH induced by novel bunyavirus infection.Morphology examination of bone marrow smear is beneficial for the early differential diagnosis of SFTS.

Effects of Salidroside on expression of substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor of bone marrow cells in bone marrow depressed anemia mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of salidroside on the expression of substance P (SP)and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)of bone marrow cells(BMCs)in bone marrow(BM)depressed anemia mice,and to explore its roles for hematopoietic regulation.Methods:Automatic blood cell analysator was used to detected the changes of peripheral blood cells in each group ,immuno-histochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expressions of SP and its receptor NK-1R of BMCs in each group respectively.Results: Peripheral blood testing results showed that the number of white blood cells (WBC),red blood cells(RBC)and hemoglobin(HB)of model group were significantly decreased when compared with control group.Compared with model group ,low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose salidroside obviously elevated the number of white blood cells ,and middle-dose salidroside obviously elevated the number of platelets.Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the expression of SP and its receptor NK-1R of BMCs was found in each group.Compared with control group , the expression of SP of BMCs was decreased obviously in model group(P0.05),and the expression of SP and its receptor NK-1R of BMCs was increased significantly in low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose salidroside groups (P<0.05).RT-PCR data showed that the expression of SP mRNA of BMCs was increased obviously in model group ,low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose salidroside groups when compared with control group (P<0.05).The expression of NK-1R mRNA of BMCs was un-detected in control group and model group.The expression level of NK-1R mRNA of BMCs was elevated gradually with the increase of salidroside dosage in low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose salidroside groups.Conclusion: The mRNA and protein expressions of SP and its receptor NK-1R of BMCs were up-regulated significantly by salidroside in dose-dependent manner.These data suggest that salidroside could participate in the recovery of hematopoietic function of BM depressed anemia mice by increasing the expression of SP and its receptor NK-1R of BMCs.

Retrospective analysis on 222 patients with pancytopenia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the patients′cell morphology characteristics in peripheral blood and bone marrow with the reduce of leukocyte,hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood,and analyze the common cause.Methods From June 2005 to Feb-ruary 2011,222 patients with pancytopenia treated in the hospital were enrolled in the study,whose peripheral blood and bone mar-row smears were stained by Wright,combined with histochemical staining and the clinical data of patients,the disease types were analyzed.Results In the 222 patients with pancytopenia,patients with hematopoietic system disease accounted for 84.65% (188/222),non-hematopoietic system disease accounted for 15.35%(34/222),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 ).In 150 patients whose peripheral blood smears were obseved,58% patients obtained positive results.Conclusion The diseases of hem-atopoietic system are the common cause of pancytopenia,but can not ignore the non-hematopoietic system diseases.Peripheral blood smear has a high value in the diagnosis of these diseases.

In vivo dynamical monitoring of rat bone marrow-derived cells participating in choroidal neovascularization under hyperglycemia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Our previous study demonstrated that hyperglycemia aggravate the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by promoting the chemotaxis process of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs).Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) can dynamically monitor CNV in vivo.However,how diabetes mellitus (DM)participate in CNV is still in research.Objective This study was to dynamically observe the influence of BMCs to CNV under hyperglycaemia by using BLI combined with histopathology.Methods BMCs from luciferase-green fluorescent protein (Fluc-GFP) double transgenic mice were injected to adult wild type C57BL/6J mice (nine mice per group) via caudal vein to create the chimera models with a chimerism degree higher than 85％,and the chimeric mice were randomized into the control group and DM group based on randomized number table.Streptozotocin [60 mg/(kg · d)] was intraperitoneally injected daily for 5 days to establish the DM models in the chimeric mice of the DM group.CNV was induced in the chimeric mice of both control group and DM group with 532 nm laser photocoagulation.BLI signal of BMCsFluc+GFP+ was in vivo examined by IVIS Kinetics system 1,3,5,7,14,21 and 28 days after CNV modeling.At the seventh day after laser,part of mice were sacrificed,and choroidal and retinal sections were prepared for histopathological examination.The length and thickness of CNV were compared between the control group and DM group.The use and care of experimental followed Statement of ARVO.Results The chimerism degree of the chimeric mice was (88.85 ± 2.46) ％ 28 days after BMCs transplantation,and the blood glucose concentration in the DM group was (17.88±0.86)mmol/L.Histopathological examination revealed that CNV broke through the Bruch membrane toward subretinas.The length of the CNV was (338.67±33.17) μm in the DM group and (180.33±24.68)μm in the control group,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =8.943,P＜0.05).However,no significant difference was seen in the CNV thickness between the two groups (t =1.790,P＞0.05).Light signals appeared 1 day and reach strongest 7 days after CNV modeling in both groups.The Light signals were stronger in the DM group than those in the control group on 5,7,14 and 21 days after CNV modeling (t =3.411,5.594,5.067,2.663,all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Hyperglycemia can promote more BMCs to participate in the pathogenesis and aggravation of CNV.The behavior of BMCs in CNV can be evaluated using BLI in vivo.

El trasplante intracoronario de células mononucleares de médula ósea se asocia a mejoría la función ventricular izquierda, en pacientes con cardiopatía dilatada de diferente etiología: Proyecto INNOVA Chile N°205-4350 / Autologous bone marrow cell transplantation improves ejection fraction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of diverse etiologies: Proyecto innova chile n° 205-4350

Introducción: Estudios recientes indican que el trasplante intracoronario de células mononucleares de médula ósea (BMCs) autólogas, mejoran la fracción de eyección (FEVI) y otros marcadores clínicos en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de la administración intracoronaria de BMCs autólogas, en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en fase dilatada, de diferente etiología y en óptimas condiciones de tratamiento médico. Método: De 23 pacientes consecutivos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 12 fueron asignados a trasplante intracoronario de BMCs autólogas, recibiendo una dosis media de 8.19+/-4.43 x 10(6) células CD34+ (Grupo trasplantado). Los pacientes restantes sólo recibieron terapia estándar (Grupo control). Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante Electrocardiograma, Ecocardiografía, Holter ECG, RMN Cardíaca, Test de esfuerzo, Potenciales Ventriculares Tardíos, Variabilidad de Frecuencia Cardíaca y evaluación clínica a los 0, 3, 6 y 12 meses. La capacidad funcional (CF) fue evaluada clínicamente y por cuestionarios de calidad de vida. Elanálisis estadístico fue realizado mediante Test Anova, y test de Bonferroni. Resultados: El grupo trasplantado presentó un aumento significativo de la FEVI a los 6 meses (26.75+/-4.85 vs 37.82+/-6.97 por ciento, p=0.001) mejoría que se mantuvo a los 12 meses (26.75+/-4.85 vs 37.27+/-7.51 por ciento, p=0.002). Hubo una mejora significativa de la CF en el grupo trasplantado a los 6 y 12 meses (p<0.001). No hubo cambios significativos en los volúmenes de ventrículo izquierdo, así como en las restantes variables estudiadas. En el grupo control no observamos cambios de estas variables. No hubo complicaciones en relación al trasplante de BMCs. Conclusión: En pacientes con IC severa y baja FEVI, el trasplante intracoronario de células BMCs au-tólogas, se asoció a una mejoría significativa de la FEVI y la CF, a los 6 y 12 meses. Adicionalmente, no observamos ...

Background: Recent studies indicate that intra-coronary delivery of autologous bone marrow mono-nuclear cells (BMCs) improves the ejection fraction (LVEF) and other clinical markers in patients with heart failure (HF). Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intraco-ronary delivery of autologous BMCs in patients with HF in dilated phase under optimal medical treatment. Method: Of 23 consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria, 12 were assigned to autologous BMCs intracoronary transplantation, receiving a mean dose of 8.19+/-4.43 x 106 CD34+ cells (BMCs group). The remaining patients received only standard therapy (control group). All patients were evaluated by Electrocardiogram, Echocardiography, Holter Monitoring, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stress Testing, Ventricular Late potetials, Heart Rate Variability, and regular clinical examination at baseline and at follow-up (3, 6 and 12 months). Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni testing were used for statistic analysis. Results: The BMCs group presented a significant increase in EF at sixth months (26.75+/-4.85 vs. 37.82+/-6.97 per cent, p=0.001) and 12 months post-transplant (26.75+/-4.85 vs. 37.27+/-7.51 per cent, p=0.002). There was a significant improvement in functional (NYHA) in the transplanted group at 6 and 12 months (p<0.001). There were no significant changes concerning left ventricular volumes, heart rate variability and exercise stress testing. We observed no improvement of these variables in the control group. There were no complications related to the BMCs transplant. Conclusions: Intracoronary infusion of auto-logous BMCs, in addition to standard therapy, was associated with significant improvement of left ventricular function at 12 months in patients with HF. We observed no complications relative to the procedure.

Application of microscopic digital interactive system in bone marrow cell morphology practice teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Bone marrow cell morphology is an important part of clinical hematology and laboratory and is the key and difficult part of teaching.Microscopic digital interactive system consisting of image processing and analyzing software,voice response software and computer teaching software can realize the picture resources sharing,effective teacher-student interaction and change of evaluation mechanism.The application of this system changed the traditional modes of teaching; motivated students' enthusiasm and greatly improved the quality of practice teaching.

Outcome Evaluation with Signal Activation of Functional MRI in Spinal Cord Injury

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the changes of cortical sensorimotor activity in functional MRI (fMRI) and functional recovery in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who had been treated by bone marrow cell transplantation. METHODS: Nineteen patients with SCI were included in this study; ten patients with clinical improvement and nine without. The cortical sensorimotor activations were studied using the proprioceptive stimulation during the fMRI. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy of fMRI with neurological improvement was 70.0% and 44.4% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Signal activation in the ipsilateral motor cortex in fMRI was commonly observed in the clinically neurological improved group (p-value=0.002). Signal activation in the contralateral temporal lobe and basal ganglia was more commonly found in the neurological unimproved group (p-value<0.001). Signal activation in other locations was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: In patients with SCI, activation patterns of fMRI between patients with neurologic recovery and those without varied. Such plasticity should be considered in evaluating SCI interventions based on behavioral and neurological measurements.

Bases da terapia celular em cardiologia / Cell therapy in cardiology

O implante de células para o tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares encontra-se sob investigação em vários centros no mundo. Várias linhagens celulares, de células-tronco bem caracterizadas a frações contendo diferentes tipos de células, têm sido investigadas em modelos animais. Apesar dos avanços obtidos na última década, na área de ciência básica, com relação a esta nova modalidade terapêutica, diversas questões permanecem sem resposta. Pouco ainda se sabe sobre os mecanismos através dos quais a terapia celular possa gerar resultados efetivos. Adicionalmente, a melhor via para o transplante, o número total e a concentração de células, e o melhor tipo celular permanecem questões importantes, ainda sem definição. É fato de que diversas células da medula óssea exercem seus efeitos através de mecanismos parácrinos e de que existe um complexo mecanismo de interação, contato e liberação de sinais entre essas células e as outras populações celulares nos órgãos lesados. Atualmente, a maioria dos estudos em humanos se concentra em células de origem adulta e autóloga, em oposição ao uso de células de origem embrionária. Esta revisão analisa os principais ensaios clínicos que utilizaram células derivadas de medula óssea em quatro cardiopatias: doença arterial coronariana aguda e crônica, e nas cardiomiopatias chagásica e dilatada. Os resultados desses estudos demonstram que o procedimento é seguro e exequível, e potencialmente eficaz. Inquestionavelmente, mais estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos são necessários para acessar o real potencial benefício desse novo modelo terapêutico.

Cell transplantation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is being investigated in many centers throughout the world. Various cell lines, from well characterized stem cells to cell fractions containing different types of cells, have been investigated in animal models. Despite progress in the basic research of this new therapy obtained over the last decade, many questions remain unanswered. We still know very little about the mechanisms of action that may lead to positive results after cell therapy. Additionally, the best route for cell transplantation, the best number and concentration of cells and the best cell type for transplant remain important questions that are still undefined. It is a fact that many bone marrow cells exert their effects through paracrine mechanisms, and that a complex mechanism of interaction, contact and signal release exists between these cells and other cell populations in damaged organs. Currently the majority of human studies are focused on the use of adult and autologous cells in contrast to the use of embryonic cells. This review describes the main clinical trials that have been performed using bone marrow-derived cells in the setting of four distinct heart diseases: acute and chronic ischemic heart disease and chagasic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Results from these studies demonstrate the procedure to be safe and feasible, and potentially efficacious. Undoubtedly more pre-clinical and clinical studies are necessary to assess the real potential benefit of this new therapeutic model.

Engraftment of Intraperitoneally Injected Bone Marrow Cells to Newborn Mice Injected with an Angiogenesis Inhibitor

PURPOSE: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by arrested vascular and alveolar growth in the premature lung. Considering the consequences of arrested lung growth, the idea of administering bone marrow cells to enhance the inborn repair mechanism is promising as this may reduce the morbidity and mortality of BPD. We followed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled bone marrow cells (BMC) injected intraperitoneally into non-EGFP mice in order to determine their fate after transplantation. METHODS: An angiogenesis inhibitor, SU1498, was injected subcutaneously on day 3 in non-EGFP C57BL/6 newborn mice to create a model of arrested alveolar development. On the following day, 1x10(6) BMCs isolated from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- matched syngenic EGFP mice were injected intraperitoneally to non-EGFP BPD mice. Morphometric analysis, immunostaining, and confocal microscopy were performed to determine the fate of EGFP-positive stem cells in the injured lung. RESULTS: SU1498 injection reduced alveolar surface area and mean alveolar volume in newborn mice. BMC injection resulted in recovery of lung structure comparable to controls. EGFP-positive BMCs were identified in the lungs of the recipient mice after intraperitoneal injection. The injected EGFP cells were co-stained with endothelial and epithelial cells of the developing lung as determined by confocal microscopy. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrated that EGFP-positive BMCs engrafted and trans- differentiated into epithelial and endothelial cells after intraperitoneal injection in a mouse model of arrested alveolar development.

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Osteogenesis of Marrow-derived Osteoblasts in the Mandible of Rabbit: Histomorphometric Analysis

The Role of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Angiogenesis in Mouse Hind Limb Ischemic Model

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is enhanced in the ischemic tissues after the injection of bone marrow cells (BMCs). However the exact mechanisms for this are not yet fully understood. METHODS: A unilateral ischemic limb was surgically induced in mice and then BMCs were injected into the ischemic area. We measured the capillary/muscle ratio. Fluorescence-labeled BMCs were injected into the ischemic tissues and then the locations of the cells were examined by using a confocal microscope. Recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells into the ischemic tissue was examined in a sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) setting by identifying the Y chromosome with using the FISH technique. The expressions of VEGF, MMP-9, SDF-1 and CXCR-4 were measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The capillary/muscle ratio was more increased in the BMC-injected group than in the control group (P<0.05). Florescence-labeled BMCs, which had been directly injected into ischemic tissue, were not detected in the tissue. In the sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation models, the ischemic tissues of the BMC-injected group recruited a much greater number of Y chromosome-positive bone marrow- derived cells, as compared to the control group. The expressions of VEGF and MMP-9 were increased after injection of BMCs. SDF-1 was expressed on the seventh day in the BMC-injected group and CXCR-4 was highly expressed until 12 weeks in the BMC-injected group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the injection of BMCs into ischemic tissue recruits CXCR-4-positvie cells from the bone marrow via the up-regulation of VEGF, MMP-9 and SDF-1, and these CXCR-4-positive cells may play a role in neovascularization.

Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Clinical trials of gene therapy have been extensively performed in the world. Actual methods in many types of clinical gene therapy are simply injections of gene transfer vectors and are thus similar to conventional treatments; some of clinical gene medicine may be realized in general practices in near future. On the other hand, regenerative medicine is classified to two types. One is an induction of tissue regeneration within a body using a certain stimulator. The organs to which this strategy can be applied are limited although this type is an ideal treatment. The other is a reconstructive cell transplantation therapy using pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells, which may potentially replace current organ transplantation. Clinical trials of regenerative medicine using bone marrow cells have been performed although their scientific mechanism remains controversial. Importantly, the development and the clinical application of these innovative therapies should proceed with the same aims toward the same goals as acupuncture and moxibustion; i.e., they should also have a close relationship with the Western and the Oriental medicine and the same values of the medical treatment for the whole man.

Analysis of Hematology Changes in Children with Malaria / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze changes of three periodical circulation systems,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and bone marrow cell morphology in children with malaria.Methods The routine tests of hematology by Sysmex KX-21 Counter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate by Westergren method and bone marrow cell morphology were analyzed. Results In 22 cases of malaria the ratio of Hb level below 110 g/L,WBC below 4?10~9/L and PLT below 100?10~9/L was 68.2%, 41.0%, and 77.3%,respectively. The ratio of children with all three parameters (Hb, WBC and PLT) abnormal was 36.4%, with two parameters abnormal was 63.6%. Ninty-five point five percent of malaria children′s erythrocyte sedimentation rate was abnormal. Fifty-nine point one percent of malaria children had hyperplasia anemia bone marrow morphology, 77.3% secondary thrombocytopenia and 54.5% with both of two bone marrow morphology.Conclusions Three periodical circulation systems of malaria children alter notably, especially in PLT and Hb. The majority has erythrocyte sedimentation rate abnormal, and bone marrow cell morphology shows hyperplasia anemia and thrombocytopenia.