Comparison of gastrointestinal transit time and completion rates of two kinds of capsule endoscopy with different size and weight / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate whether there has any difference of gastric and small bowel transit time and completion rates between two capsule endoscopes with different size and weight. Methods Clinical data of patients who had undergone OMOM or MiroCam (smaller and lighter than OMOM) capsule endoscopy were retrospectively studied. Comparison of gastric and small bowel transit time and completion rates were made between the two kinds of capsule endoscopy. Results 1, 448 patients (628 in OMOM group and 820 in MiroCam group) were finally includ-ed. In patients with Crohn's disease or suspected Crohn's disease, gastric transit time of OMOM was significantly longer than that of MiroCam [(53.4 ± 52.6) minutes vs (41.1 ± 47.9) minutes, = 0.022]. In patients with gastroin-testinal bleeding, gastric transit time in OMOM was significantly shorter than that in MiroCam [(42.1 ± 44.8) minutes vs (62.0 ± 78.6) minutes, = 0.016). No significant difference in small bowel transit time or completion rate was found. Conclusions We conclude that the differences of gastric transit time, small bowel transit time and completion rates between the two kinds of capsule endoscopy with different size and weight are not significantly. Whereas, in patients with Crohn's disease or suspected Crohn's disease, gastric transit time of smaller and lighter capsule en-doscopy is shorter in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, but longer of gastric transit time in smaller and lighter capsule endoscopy.

Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing bowel transit reconstruction in a tertiary referral hospital of São Paulo's east side / Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes submetidos à reconstrução de trânsito intestinal em hospital terciário de referência da zona leste de São Paulo

Introduction: The morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing bowel transit reconstruction reach significant values. Perhaps this and other factors could explain why 30-60% of patients end up with definitive ostomies, even those with initially temporary ostomies, due to the procedure risks. Objective: To analyze retrospectively the medical records of patients undergoing bowel transit reconstruction in one of the SUS referral hospitals in São Paulo from October 2008 to December 2011. Results: The mean age of our patients was 53.9 years and 54% of those 100 patients studied between October 2008 and December 2011 had significant comorbidity. The indication for creating an initial ostomy was malignancy in 43%, and the mean stoma duration 14.3 months. The mortality rate was 6%. Conclusion: Although the bowel transit reconstruction is a procedure quite desired by patients, its indication should be carefully evaluated, with an appropriate consent from the patient. .

Introdução: A morbi-mortalidade de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução de trânsito intestinal alcança valores significativos e, por esse e outros fatores, talvez se explique o fato que de 30 a 60% dos portadores de ostomia intestinal terminal passam a possuí-la de maneira definitiva, apesar de, na maior parte das vezes, ela ser realizada como procedimento provisório com o argumento de maior segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar retrospectivamente os dados de prontuário de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução de trânsito intestinal em um dos hospitais de referência do SUS na cidade de São Paulo no período de outubro de 2008 a dezembro de 2011. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 53,9 anos e 54% dos 100 pacientes estudados no período de outubro de 2008 e dezembro de 2011 padeciam de alguma comorbidade. A indicação para confecção da ostomia inicial decorreu de doença maligna em 43% e o tempo médio de permanência com o estoma foi de 14,3 meses. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 6%. Conclusão: Embora a reconstrução do trânsito intestinal seja um procedimento bastante desejado pelos pacientes, sua indicação deve ser bastante criteriosa, com consentimento adequado por parte do paciente.

Validación preclínica de extractos fluidos de Croton argenteus L. / Preclinical validation of fluid extracts from Croton argenteus L.

Croton argenteus L. no es conocida como planta medicinal tradicional en Cuba; pertenece al mismo género de C. lechleri, de cuyo tronco se obtiene la sangre de grado o drago en los países amazónicos que tiene diversos usos etnomédicos para tratar problemas de salud como: diarrea, heridas, úlceras gastroduodenales, inflamaciones, dolor, picaduras de insectos e infecciones virales. Existen estudios sobre esta especie, sin embargo, no se encontraron publicaciones sobre esta planta que crece en Cuba. El objetivo fue validar, en extractos de C. argenteus, efectos reportados para la planta amazónica. Se prepararon 2 extractos fluidos de partes aéreas, sin tallos, secas con etanol al 30 y 80% y se realizaron estudios de: tamizaje fitoquímico, analgesia en contorsiones provocadas por ácido acético intraperitoneal y tránsito intestinal con carbón activado por vía oral en ratones; antiinflamatorio en granuloma inducido por algodón, lesiones gástricas inducidas por indometacina y toxicidad aguda oral con el modelo de clases tóxicas agudas en ratas. Las dosis administradas de ambos extractos fueron 500 y 1000 mg de material vegetal seco/kg p.o.). Los resultados no demostraron ninguno de los efectos farmacológicos estudiados. El extracto fluido 30% no resultó tóxico, pero el preparado con etanol al 80% clasificó como muy tóxico. Los extractos fluidos de partes aéreas sin tallos de C. argenteus carecieron de actividad para las acciones farmacológicas evaluadas.

In Cuba , Croton argenteus L. is not known as traditional medicinal plant. It belongs to the same genus that C. lechleri , from whose trunk sangre de drago is obtained in the Amazonian countries. It has diverse ethnomedical uses to treat health problems, such as diarrhea, wounds, gastroduodenal ulcers, inflammations, pain, insect bites, and viral infections. There are studies on this species; however, no publications have been found on this plant growing in Cuba . The objective was to validate, in extracts from C. argenteus , the effects reported for the Amazonian plant. Two fluid extracts were prepared from aerial parts, without stalks, dried with ethanol 30 % and 80 %. Studies of phytochemical screening, analgesia in contortions caused by intraperitoneal acetic acid, and bowel transit with oral activated carbon were conducted in mice. The antiinflammatory effect was studied in the case of cotton-induced granuloma, indomethacin-induced gastric injury, and oral acute toxicity with the model of acute toxic lesions in rats. The administered oral doses of both extracts were 500 and 1000 mg of dry plant material /kg. According to the results, the expected pharmacological effects were not proved. The fluid extract (30 %) wasn't toxic, but preparation using ethanol 80% was. Fluids extracts of aerial parts without stalks of C. argenteus lacked activity for the evaluated pharmacological actions.

Confecção de piloros artificiais em íleo terminal sem secção de musculatura em ratos: estudo anátomo-patológico / Artificial pylorus with no musculature section in terminal bowel in rats: anatomo-pathological study

OBJETIVO: Estudar, experimentalmente, a diminuição do trânsito intestinal através de piloros artificiais no íleo terminal de ratos, sem secção da musculatura entérica. MÉTODO: O estudo foi realizado em 40 ratos distribuídos em dois grupos de 20 animais cada. Foram confeccionados quatro piloros no íleo terminal de cada animal, com pontos sero-musculares separados, distribuídos circunferencialmente na alça intestinal. O Grupo 1 foi morto com 15 dias e o Grupo 2, com 30 dias. Aferimos as medidas da circunferência do intestino no transoperatório e no momento da necrópsia. RESULTADOS: No Grupo 1 houve dilatação média de 3mm no nível do primeiro piloro e de 4,15mm no quarto piloro. No Grupo 2 a dilatação média foi de 7,50mm no primeiro piloro e de 5,75mm no quarto piloro. No estudo anátomo-patológico ficou evidente a formação bem definida dos piloros. CONCLUSÃO: Não é necessário remover ou seccionar a musculatura do intestino delgado, nem a secção do plexo nervoso próprio do intestino, para promover a dilatação intestinal com esse método e, como consequência, diminuir o trânsito intestinal.

BACKGROUND: To study, experimentally, the reduction of intestinal transit through artificial pylorus in terminal ileum of rats, without sectioning the enteric muscles. METHODS: The study was carried out in two groups of 20 rats each. Four pylori were made in the terminal ileum of each animal with sero-muscular stitches circumferentially spread around the intestinal loop. Group 1 rats were killed after 15 days and those from group 2 after 30 days. The intestinal circumference was measured during surgery and post-mortem. RESULTS: Group 1 showed a mean 3mm dilatation in the first pylorum and 4.15mm in the fourth one. In group 2 the mean dilatation was 7.50 mm in the first pylorum and 5.75mm in the fourth one. The presence of the well defined formation of the pylori were evident from anatomical studies. CONCLUSION: It is thus not necessary to remove or section the small intestine muscles nor section the intestinal neural plexus to promote intestinal dilatation and reduce intestinal transit with this method.