Comparative research on brain networks of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal children based on visual cognitive tasks / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the difference between the brain networks of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children in the task-executing state, this paper conducted a comparative study using the network features of the visual function area. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 23 children with ADHD ［age: (8.27 ± 2.77) years］ and 23 normal children ［age: (8.70 ± 2.58) years］ were obtained by the visual capture paradigm when the subjects were performing the guessing task. First, fMRI data were used to build a visual area brain function network. Then, the visual area brain function network characteristic indicators including degree distribution, average shortest path, network density, aggregation coefficient, intermediary, etc. were obtained and compared with the traditional whole brain network. Finally, support vector machines (SVM) and other classifiers in the machine learning algorithm were used to classify the feature indicators to distinguish ADHD children from normal children. In this study, visual brain function network features were used for classification, with a classification accuracy of up to 96%. Compared with the traditional method of constructing a whole brain network, the accuracy was improved by about 10%. The test results show that the use of visual area brain function network analysis can better distinguish ADHD children from normal children. This method has certain help to distinguish the brain network between ADHD children and normal children, and is helpful for the auxiliary diagnosis of ADHD children.

Expressions of GABARB2 in brain regions of rats with high-level and low-level aggressive behavior / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the mRNA and protein expression levels ofγ-aminobutyric acid receptor B2 ( GABABR2 ) in brain regions of male rats with high level aggressive behaviors and low level aggressive behaviors respectively,and provide clues for exploring mechanism of GABA in aggressive behaviors.MethodsWistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups:the normal group and the aggressive behavior group.Then social isolation and resident intruder stresses were used to establish high level and low level aggressive behavior in the aggressive behavior group.The mRNA and protein level of GABABR2 in parietal cortex,prefrontal cortex,hypothalamus and hippocampus of the three groups rats ( n=10 in each group) were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.ResultsThe GABABRB22 RT-PCR/Western blot relative integrated optical density of parietal cortex,prefrontal cortex,hypothalamus and hippocampus in the normal group rats respectively were.Those of the above four brain regions in high aggressive behavior group rats respectively were ( 0.507 ± 0.049/0.626 ±0.038 ),(0.609 ± 0.049/0.652 ± 0.010 ),( 0.359 ± 0.030/0.731 ± 0.044 ) and ( 0.296 ± 0.054/0.452 ±0.079) were significantly lower (P＜0.05) compared with the normal group rats.In the low aggressive behavior group rats,the GABABRB2 RT-PCR/Western blot relative integrated optical density of parietal cortex and hippocampus increased statistically(P＜ 0.05 ),while those of prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus decreased obviously (P ＜ 0.05 ).all in comparison with the normal group rats.Conclusion Different expression levels of GABABR2 in parietal cortex,prefrontal cortex,hypothalamus and hippocampus are relative to aggressive behaviors,which might be one of the mechanism for GABA in aggressive behaviors.

Neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring in resection of eloquent brain glioma: analysis in 36 cases / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the effects and significance of neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring in resection of eloquent brain glioma. Methods Thirty-six cases with intracranial tumors accepted microneurosurgery resection under neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring. The clinical data and postoperative outcome were analyzed. Results The mean registration error was (2.0 ±0. 5)mm in all operations and all skin flaps and bone windows designed by neuronavigation could fit the operation demands. Total resectin of the tumor was achieved in 31 cases and subtotal resection in 5 cases. Neurological symptoms improved and no severe complications or death happened in all patients. Conclusion Neuronavigation combined with electrocorticography monitoring can accurately locate the eloquent glioma and retrieve the brain shift. This method is a real-time technique and has functional test ability. It can improve the total removal rate and decrease the mortality and disabled rate.

Glutamate and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats with chronic epilepsy

Recently published data (Baran et al., Neurosignals 2004; 13: 290-7) have shown significantly increased activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the neuronal marker for gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA)-neurons, in the frontal cortex of rat brains, 6 months after kainic acid (KA) injection. In present study glutamate and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats in the KA (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously)-induced spontaneous recurrent seizure model of epilepsy, 6 months after the initial KA-induced seizures, were investigated. Six months after KA injection there was found a slightly reduced glutamate level in the frontal cortex (89.7 % of control), whereas the GABA level was moderately increased (119.6 % of control). The ratio GABA:glutamate level was significantly increased in the frontal cortex (134.5 % of control; P<0.001). Obtained data would indicate an enhancement of GABAergic activities in the frontal cortex in the chronic KA epileptic model. Interaction within GABAergic parameters, thus the GABAA receptors, the GABAB receptors, glutamate and GABA transporters may play a role in the modulation but also in the exertion of epileptic events in chronic KA epileptic model, which needs to be clarified.

Effects of borneol on distribution of sodium ferulate in plasma and in brain regions of mice / 中草药

Objective To explore the pharmaeokinetics of dosage factor and borneol on sodium ferulic (SF)in plasma and in brain regions of mice.Methods Mice were treated with SF(ig)alone or accompa- nied by borneol in different doses,the sample from plasma and different brain regions were obtained at dif- ferent time points(2.5,5,7.5,10,15,and 30 min),respectively after application of SF.HPLC was em- ployed to determine the concentrations of SF in plasma and in brain regions of mice.Pharmaeokinetie pa- rameters were assayed by using PCNONLIN software.Results AUC_(0-30),t_(max)and C_(max)of single low dose SF(0.2 g/kg)in plasma were 853.9?g/(mL?min),5.0 min,and 44.1?g/mL,respectively and that in hippocampus were 11.8?g/(g?min),5.0min,and 1.4?g/g,respectively;Single high dose SF(2 g/kg, ig)could only increase 2.5 times in plasma and 1.9 times in eerebellar region compared to single low dose SF(0.2 g/kg,ig).No changes was found in hippocampus.Borneol(50 mg/kg)not only accelerated the distribution of SF in hippoeampus(t_(max)in advance 2.5min),but also increased the concentration of that in plasma.Compared to single low dose SF(0.2 g/kg)group,the C_(max)and AUC_(0-30)are increased to 1.2 times and 1.7 times,respectively in hippoeampus in single low dose SF(0.2 g/kg)plus borneol(50 mg/ kg)group.Conclusion Increasing the close of SF alone dose not increase the concentration of SF appro- priately in brain.The concentration of SF in plasma and that in brain regions are increased by borneol.To- tally,these results suggest that the application of SF combined with borneol for CNS diseases,such as brain isehemia,might be more effective in clinic.