RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to verify whether the portion sizes adopted by school lunch cooks were in accordance with nutritional recommendations by PNAE (Brazilian School Nutrition Program). Portion sizes corresponding to shallow and full measures were weighed on a digital scale in duplicate to determine the average weight of each food portion. Nutritional composition of meals was determined using the Brazilian Table of Food Composition. Total energy value (TEV), carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, iron, sodium, vitamin C and dietary fiber were compared with PNAE recommendations for schoolchildren. As a result, two menu proposals with adequate portion sizes were developed. TEV and carbohydrate recommendations were met in the shallow portion size and exceeded recommendations in the full measure. Both shallow and full portions exceeded recommendations for protein, fat and sodium. The values found for dietary fiber, iron and vitamin C were in accordance with PNAE recommendations in both portion sizes. The menu proposals were in accordance with nutritional recommendations except for sodium, which remained slightly above limits. The study showed the need for the creation of manufacturing technical cards aimed at standardizing the portioning of foods/dishes offered to schoolchildren, as well as the training of school lunch cooks.
Verificar si el tamaño de las porciones adoptadas por los cocineros de los almuerzos escolares está de acuerdo con las recomendaciones nutricionales del PNAE (Programa Brasileño de Nutrición Escolar). Los tamaños de las porciones correspondientes a mediciones, poco profundas y completas, se pesaron en una balanza digital para determinar el peso promedio de cada porción de alimento. Se comparó el valor energético total (VET), carbohidratos, proteínas, lípidos, hierro, sodio, vitamina C y fibra dietética con las recomendaciones de PNAE para escolares. Como resultado, se desarrollaron dos propuestas de menú con la adecuación del tamaño de las porciones. Las recomendaciones VET y carbohidratos se cumplieron en el tamaño de la porción relacionada con la medida poco profunda. Tanto las mediciones poco profunda y completas superaron las recomendaciones de proteínas, grasas y sodio. Los valores encontrados para fibra dietética, hierro y vitamina C alcanzaron las recomendaciones de PNAE en ambos tamaños de porciones. Las propuestas de menús alcanzaron las recomendaciones nutricionales excepto el sodio, que se mantuvo ligeramente por encima de los límites. Es necesario elaborar tarjetas técnicas de fabricación con el objetivo de estandarizar la porción de alimentos que se ofrece a los escolares, así como la capacitación de cocineros.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Alimentación Escolar , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Planificación de Menú , Necesidades Nutricionales , Ingesta Diaria RecomendadaRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo é realizar um relato do gestor nacional do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), com ênfase no período de 2003 a 2010. Trata-se de ensaio crítico baseado em revisão da literatura e em dados oficiais. Em relação ao volume de recursos financeiros e ao número de alunos atendidos, observou-se que, em 2003, o Programa executou um total de 954,2 milhões de reais para atender 37,3 milhões de alunos, ao passo que em 2010, o total de recursos passou a ser de 3 bilhões de reais para um total de 45,6 milhões de alunos atendidos. Outros avanços importantes foram os estímulos para a ampliação e o fortalecimento do papel dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar e as estratégias normativas para as ações do nutricionista como Responsável Técnico. A Lei nº 11.947/2009 fez o PNAE avançar ainda mais, estendendo o programa para toda a rede pública de educação básica e de jovens e adultos, e recomendando que 30% dos repasses do FNDE sejam investidos na aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar. São evidentes os avanços nos critérios técnicos e operacionais visando maior flexibilidade, eficiência e eficácia na gestão do PNAE. Espera-se que tais avanços possam se traduzir em melhoria das condições de alimentação e nutrição dos escolares.
The scope of this paper is to study the report of the manager of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE), with special emphasis on the period from 2003 to 2010. It is a critical essay based on a review of the literature and the official data. It was revealed that the program spent 954.2 million Brazilian reals in 2003 to assist 37.3 million students, and in 2010 the total resources increased to 3 billion Brazilian reals with 45.6 million students attended. Other important advances were the broadening and strengthening of the role of the School Nutrition Councils and the regulatory strategies of nutritionists as Accountable Technicians. Law No. 11.947/2009 gave a new impetus to the PNAE, extending the program to the entire basic public education grid and youths and adults, and recommending that 30% of the funds transferred from the FNDE should be used to acquire products from small farmers. The progress in technical and operational criteria seeking greater flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness in the management of the Program is clear for all to see. It is hoped that these advances will translate into effective improvement in food and nutrition conditions for schoolchildren.