RESUMEN
Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common microangiopathy in diabetes and the main cause of blindness in adults. It can be seen that it is very important to find the specific target of DR prevention and treatment. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage tissue, but also an active endocrine organ, which can release a variety of cytokines, called adipokines. Studies have shown that adipokines play an important role in the occurrence and development of DR. Adipokines can not only directly act on vascular endothelium through blood circulation, but also indirectly affect vascular endothelial function by affecting the activity of sympathetic nervous system and insulin sensitivity, which leads to dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells, increased retinal vascular permeability, neurodegeneration and neovascularization, and finally leads to the destruction of blood-retinal barrier. In recent years, the role of some new adipokines in DR has been paid more and more attention. This paper reviews the related research of several new adipokines in DR.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the serum expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) in type II diabetic rats with atheroscle?rosis and to undermine the interventional mechanism of simvastatin. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet (NC) group (n=8), high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=8), high-fat diet intervention (HFD+S) group (n=8), model (M) group (n=18) and model intervention (M+S) group (n=16). The diabetic atherosclerosis model was established by streptozotocin (STZ)+Vitamin D3(VitD3)+High-fat diet. The group HFD+S and group M+S rats were administrated with simvastatin at 20 mg/(kg·d)intragastrically as intervention while distilled water [20 mL/(kg·d)] were given to other groups. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG), blood lipid, fasting insulin(FINS), VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were compared between each groups. Results Characteristics of atheromatous plaque were seen in group M and group M+S whose pathological change were markedly attenuated compared to group M. Serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly high?er in rats from Group HFD than those in rats from group NC. Serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in rats from Group M than those in rats from group NC. Serum level of VEGF was significantly higher in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Serum level of CTRP3 was significantly lower in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Moreover, serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from Group HFD+S than those in rats from group HFD after the intervention with simvastatin. Serum level of VEGF was significantly lower in rats from Group M+S than it in rats from group M, and serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from group M+S than those in rats from group M after the intervention with simvastatin. Conclusion VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 may partici?pate in development of diabetic atherosclerosis. In addition to its hypolipidemic role, Simvastatin can also down regulate se?rum level of VEGF and up regulate serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 to exert a significant protective effect on diabetic atherosclerosis.