CLINICAL EVALUATION OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS USING DIFFERENT TONOMETERS IN PATIENTS OF VARIOUS REFRACTIVE ERRORS

Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP)is an important ?rst indicator of probability and suspicion of Glaucoma. The virtual IOP status is grossly in?uenced by multiple factors including Refractive errors ,corneal biomechanics ,central corneal thickness(CCT) and Scleral rigidity. To compare relative IOP measurements and Aim: its variability in Emmetropes, myopic and hypermetropic patients using Schiotz, Goldmann Applanation(GAT)and I-Care Rebound tonometer to establish an equation between virtual and real time IOP. This observational Materials and Methods: prospective study comprised of 100 subjects above the age of 18 years inclusive37 Emmetropes , 31 Hypermetropes and remaining 32 belonged to myopia . Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS for Windows Statistical Analysis : version 17.0 to calculate the demographic characteristics of the study cohort. The data were expressed as mean values including the standard deviation (SD) and the 95% con?dence interval (CI). Mean IOP measurements between Schiotz, I-Care and GAT were compared by One way ANOVA along with Individual pair wise comparison by applying Post Hoc Tukey Test for comparison of IOP measurements using a particular method of Tonometry in individuals of myopia, hypermetropia and emmetropia. The highest mean value of CCT 536.667 mum was in Hypermetropes whereas the lowest CCT value of Results: 507.031mum was in myopic eyes with statistically signi?cant (P<0.05). The mean value for IOP in Emmetropes was16.665 mm Hg for Schiotz , 15.027 Hg for GAT and 15.081 mm Hg for I –Care .Whereas Hypermetropes revealed mean value of 15.055 mm Hg for Schiotz , 14.323 mm Hg for GAT and 14.065 mm Hg for I –Care . The mean value for IOP in Myopic eyes was 16.875 mm Hg for Schiotz , 14.375 mm Hg for GAT and 14.688 mm Hg for I –Care . The study had revealed higher mean Conclusion : value of IOP in Myopic eyes as compare to Emetropic and Hypermetropic subjects.IOP measurements by the Schiotz tonometer were signi?cantly higher as compare to GAT and I-Care tonometer. Whereas recordings by GAT and I Care tonometers were almost in agreement .De?nitive correlation could not be established between pachymetry readings and adjusted IOP following GAT and I –Care tonometry .

Progress of expression and function of messenger RNA CCT6A in malignancies / 肿瘤研究与临床

Messenger RNA(mRNA) CCT6A can encode chaperone proteins and plays an important role in malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. CCT6A is highly expressed in malignant tumors, which can be used as a biomarker to assess patients' prognosis, and promote malignant biological behaviors such as tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating transforming growth factor β signals, cell cycles, and other pathways. CCT6A can also modulate immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and may be a potential target for tumor immunotherapy. The paper reviews the expression and function of CCT6A in malignancies.

Comparison of changes in endothelial cell count and central corneal thickness after phacoemulsification and small-incision cataract surgery: A prospective observational study at a tertiary care center of eastern Uttar Pradesh

Purpose: Morphological stability and functional integrity of corneal endothelium are necessary to maintain long-term corneal transparency. When the number of endothelial cells drops below 450�0 cells/mm2, corneal edema, irreversible loss of corneal transparency, and decreased vision occur. There is concern regarding manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) being more harmful to the endothelium in comparison to phacoemulsification. Our study aims to determine which technique maintains the corneal parameters closest to the normal physiological state. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 15 months on 100 eyes, out of which 43 patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery and 57 underwent MSICS. TOPCON SP-1P, Version 1.41, 50� Hz frequency, noncontact specular microscope with pachymeter was used to measure endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) on four occasions: 1 day prior to surgery and on day 1, 3rd week, and 6th week after surgery. Results: In total, 100 eyes of 100 subjects were studied with no dropout during the study period. The age range was 40� years. There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative mean ECC and mean CCT in phacoemulsification and SICS groups. A statistically significant difference was observed in the postoperative mean ECC (P < 0.01) and mean CCT (P < 0.001) on day 1 and 3rd week between the phacoemulsification and SICS groups, respectively. The mean endothelial cell loss at 6 weeks was less with SICS but comparable with phacoemulsification. Conclusion: SICS is significantly faster, less expensive, less technology dependent, can deal with all types of cataracts, is relatively safe, and is more appropriate for advanced cataracts.

Anticarin-β shows a promising anti-osteosarcoma effect by specifically inhibiting CCT4 to impair proteostasis

Unlike healthy, non-transformed cells, the proteostasis network of cancer cells is taxed to produce proteins involved in tumor development. Cancer cells have a higher dependency on molecular chaperones to maintain proteostasis. The chaperonin T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC) contains eight paralogous subunits (CCT1-8), and assists the folding of as many as 10% of cytosolic proteome. TRiC is essential for the progression of some cancers, but the roles of TRiC subunits in osteosarcoma remain to be explored. Here, we show that CCT4/TRiC is significantly correlated in human osteosarcoma, and plays a critical role in osteosarcoma cell survival. We identify a compound anticarin-β that can specifically bind to and inhibit CCT4. Anticarin-β shows higher selectivity in cancer cells than in normal cells. Mechanistically, anticarin-β potently impedes CCT4-mediated STAT3 maturation. Anticarin-β displays remarkable antitumor efficacy in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models of osteosarcoma. Collectively, our data uncover a key role of CCT4 in osteosarcoma, and propose a promising treatment strategy for osteosarcoma by disrupting CCT4 and proteostasis.

Regulatory control of the Na-Cl co-transporter NCC and its therapeutic potential for hypertension

Hypertension is the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. As blood pressure regulation is influenced by multiple physiological systems, hypertension cannot be attributed to a single identifiable etiology. Three decades of research into Mendelian forms of hypertension implicated alterations in the renal tubular sodium handling, particularly the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)-native, thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC). Altered functions of the NCC have shown to have profound effects on blood pressure regulation as illustrated by the over activation and inactivation of the NCC in Gordon's and Gitelman syndromes respectively. Substantial progress has uncovered multiple factors that affect the expression and activity of the NCC. In particular, NCC activity is controlled by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, and NCC expression is facilitated by glycosylation and negatively regulated by ubiquitination. Studies have even found parvalbumin to be an unexpected regulator of the NCC. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in our understanding of NCC control mechanisms, particularly

Active-fluidics-based torsional phacoemulsification in diabetic eyes: A prospective interventional study

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of active-fluidics based torsional phacoemulsification in diabetics and nondiabetics using a balanced tip. Methods: Two hundred and forty-eight patients undergoing senile cataract surgery using torsional phacoemulsification on an active-fluidics-based platform from December 2016 to August 2017 were included in this prospective, nonrandomized, interventional cohort study; of the 248 patients, 54 were controlled diabetics and 194 were nondiabetics. Intraoperative parameters such as cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), total ultrasound time, torsion usage time, torsion amplitude, aspiration time, and fluid usage were documented and compared. Endothelial cell loss (ECL) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated at 1 month postoperatively. Results: Diabetics and nondiabetics did not differ in CDE, total ultrasound time, torsion amplitude, aspiration time, fluid usage, endothelial cell count, and CCT. ECL on Day 1 (10.2 ± 8.0%) and Day 30 (11.05 ± 8.3%) were significantly higher in diabetics (P = 0.025 and P = 0.045, respectively). There was an increase in CCT on Day 1 (P = 0.018), which settled by Day 30. Grade 4 cataracts in diabetics had significantly higher CCT at Day 1 (P = 0.032) and Day 30 (P = 0.007). In the diabetic subgroup, Grades 3 and 4 cataracts required lower CDE (P < 0.001) and Grade 4 cataracts showed higher ECL than others till 1 month of follow-up (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intraoperative and postoperative parameters after torsional phacoemulsification are comparable in diabetics and nondiabetics. Endothelial changes and pachymetry may be related to the grade of cataract in diabetics.

Correlation between Central Corneal Thickness and Refractive Error: A Pilot Study in Rural Population of Haryana

Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an essential tool in the assessment and management of corneal disease. CCT has thus become very important for the interpretation of intraocular pressure and prerefractive procedure assessment; however little is known about its distribution within a population with wide range of refractive errors. Therefore the objective is to study the correlation of CCT with a broad range of refractive errors in rural population of Haryana. Methods: Prospective analysis of patients with refractive error presenting to the Ophthalmology outpatient services were included as cases. Age and sex matched emmetropic subjects were included as controls. Both cases and controls were undertaken for CCT measurements by ultrasonic pachymetry. Results: A total of 187 eyes as cases, 101 as controls. Among cases, 122 eyes myopic (Group- 1) (Mean CCT= 531.80±37.83 μ) and 65 hypermetropic (Group- 2) (Mean CCT=549.66±45.66 μ). The results shows that the central corneal thickness was decreased in the myopic eyes in comparison to the normal eyes which was statistically significantly (p=0.001). However in the hypermetropic group, no correlation was found between central corneal thickness and degree of hypermetropia. Conclusion: This study provides pilot data of CCT in different types of refractive errors in our set of rural population which helps us in understanding the variation of CCT with refractive errors.

Relationship Between Axial Length and Central Corneal Thickness of Emmetropic Eye with the Height and Body Weight of Young Adults

Background: The cornea is an important ocular structure involved in the mediation of visual perception. It is the principal refractive surface of the eye and vision can be significantly affected by relatively small changes in its structure and parameters. Measurement of corneal parameters is important in the diagnosis and management of ocular diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma Methods: This study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology in ACMS medical college Delhi. Results: This study showed, height and AL has a positive correlation with a value of +.119, and with weight AL has a weak positive correlation (+.035). CCT has a positive correlation with age (+0.044) but was found to have nil correlation with sex. Conclusion: This study was conclude that, no significant difference in mean CCT and AL was found between male and female subjects.

Diffusion of CCTs from Latin America to Asia: the Philippine 4Ps case / Difusión de los PTC de América Latina en Asia: el caso del programa 4Ps en Filipinas / Difusão dos PTCs da América Latina para a Ásia: o caso do programa 4Ps nas Filipinas

Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand the role of international and domestic actors, ideas and processes in the diffusion of public policies. It argues that existing studies on the subject do not provide an adequate explanation of the mechanisms through which diffusion takes place, nor do they sufficiently address the roles of actors affecting the policy transfer process. We address these shortcomings by studying the diffusion of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs from Brazil and Mexico to the Philippines over the past decade. We use the concept of an 'instrument constituency' to delineate and trace the various actors and channels involved in the diffusion of CCTs. The case study shows that these groups of actors dedicated to the articulation, adoption and expansion of particular policy instruments are central players in transnational diffusion of policies and offer a robust explanation of the phenomenon.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es comprender el papel de actores, ideas y procesos nacionales e internacionales en lo que respecta a la difusión de políticas públicas. Se observa que los estudios existentes sobre ese tema no ofrecen una explicación adecuada sobre los mecanismos por los cuales se da esa difusión; asimismo, no abordan definitivamente los papeles de los actores involucrados en el proceso de transferencia de políticas. En virtud de ese panorama, este trabajo se propone contribuir mediante el estudio del proceso de difusión - durante la última década - de los programas de transferencia monetaria condicionada (PTC) de Brasil y de México en las Filipinas. Además, usamos el concepto de "grupo de defensa de instrumento de política pública" para delinear y comprender los diversos actores y canales involucrados en la difusión de los PTC. El estudio de caso muestra que esos grupos de actores dedicados a la articulación, adopción y expansión de políticas específicas son centrales para su difusión en otros países y para explicar ese fenómeno con más propiedad.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o papel de atores, ideias e processos nacionais e internacionais no que diz respeito à difusão de políticas públicas. Observa-se que os estudos existentes sobre esse tema não oferecem uma explicação adequada sobre os mecanismos pelos quais essa difusão ocorre, bem como não abordam definitivamente os papéis dos atores envolvidos no processo de transferência de políticas. Em virtude desse quadro, este trabalho busca contribuir por meio do estudo do processo de difusão, ao longo da última década, de programas de transferência condicionada de renda (PTCs) do Brasil e do México para as Filipinas. Ainda, usamos o conceito de "grupo de defesa de instrumento de política pública" para delinear e compreender os diversos atores e canais envolvidos com a difusão dos PTCs. O estudo de caso mostra que esses grupos de atores dedicados a articulação, adoção e expansão de políticas específicas são centrais para sua difusão para outros países e para explicar esse fenômeno com maior propriedade.

Study of Incidence of Peptic Ulcer Perforation in Young Adults: A Hospital Based Study

Background: Peptic ulcer formation affects about 2-10% of world population every year with higher incidence in younger individuals. Being a surgical emergency, it has higher mortality and morbidity. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of peptic ulcer perforation based on gender, age and also to study its associated risk factors, clinical presentations, site along with surgical management and complications.  Materials & Methods: 75 patients diagnosed with perforated peptic ulcer were included and this study was conducted in the department of Surgery Government Bangur Hospital, Pali, Rajasthan, India. Structured performa was prepared to obtained details of patients and ethical clearance from the institute was also taken prior to the study. Results: 76% of patients in our study were males and 24% were females with male and female ratio 1:3.16. The prevalence of perforation was high in age group 20-30 years (30.7%). 62.7% of cases had positive family history and the incidence was in the patients who consumed non-vegetarian (84.8%), spicy (61.4%) and oily (69.5%) foods. Frequently observed clinical presentation were abdominal pain followed by tenderness and rigidity and gas under diaphragm. The common site of perforation was duodenum (62.7%) and most of the cases were treated by closure with omental patch (81.3%). The post-surgical complications frequently observed were wound infection (30.6%) and chest infection (28%). Conclusion: Peptic ulcer perforation is common disorder of gastrointestinal tract, now affecting younger adults with male preponderance. It is associated with unwanted health and economic issues. Therefore, earlier management is only the way to minimize complications and mortality.

To Evaluate the Difference in Mean CCT among POAG and Ocular Hypertension: A Hospital Based Study

Background: Measurement of the accurate IOP is important not only for classification, but for the clinical management of the glaucoma patients. The aim of this study to determine the difference in mean CCT among POAG and Ocular Hypertension. Materials & Methods: A hospital based comparative type of observational study done on 120 eyes of 60 patients was conducted under Department of Ophthalmology, Government D.B. Hospital, Churu, Rajasthan. To be safe and accurate, following factors should be checked before making a glaucoma diagnosis. The preliminary eye examination included the visual acquity and slit lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, to rule out any corneal pathology and refraction. The intraocular pressure was recorded by using Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT). Results: Our study showed that the most of the study subjects in POAG group (46.6%) were in >50 years age group, while most of the subjects in OH group (46.6%) were in 41-50 years age group and there were 19 (63.3%) male in POAG group while in OH group there were 23 (76.7%) males. The mean CCT in right eye & left eye was higher in OH group (568.4 & 562.2 respectively) as compared to POAG group (507.8 & 504.2 respectively) and this difference was found to statistically significantly on application of unpaired t test (P<0.001& P<0.001 respectively) and IOP was also statistically significant(P<0.001) in both eyes. Conclusion: We concluded that the measurement of the central corneal thickness aid the ophthalmologist in making a correct diagnosis and in a better management of glaucoma and the glaucoma suspects, especially when their corneal thickness differs markedly from the normal thickness. AQ

Chaperonin containing T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (CCT5) serves as γδT cell-related autoantigen / 基础医学与临床

Objective To examine the relationship between CCT 5 ,γδ T cell and autoimmune diseases .Methods Recombinant CCT5 protein was cloned , expressed and purified in E.coli.Three peptides of CCT5 protein were used to prepare for anti-CCT5 monoclonal antibodies .Purified CCT5 protein was used to expand γδT cells from pe-ripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Plasma level of CCT5 in healthy donors, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were detected by ELISA assays .The correlation analysis between plasma CCT5 concentration and the percentage of different subtypes of γδT cells measured by flow cytometry was made . Results The CCT5 gene was amplified by PCR and the length of the target fragment was 1 750 bp.The expressed 65 ku CCT5 protein was purified and validated by SDS-PAGE.Two paired monoclonal anti-CCT5 antibodies were screened to detect CCT5 protein in plasma.Immobilized recombinant CCT5 protein was able to induce specific sig-nificant amplification of peripheral γδT cells.Correlation analysis of 10 healthy donors indicated significant corre-lation between the plasma CCT 5 concentration and the proportion of Vγ9 and Vδ2 γδ T cells.The plasma CCT5 concentration significantly decreased in autoimmune diseases patients , including RA and SLE .Conclusions These data suggest that CCT 5 could be a novel Vγ9δ2 γδT cell-related factor in autoimmune diseases , which deepen the understanding of Vγ9δ2 γδT cell function in autoimmune diseases .

A study on utilization of Janani Suraksha Yojana and its association with institutional delivery in the state of West Bengal, India.

Background: India launched the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) on the principles of conditional cash transfer providing monetary incentive to needy women to improve access to institutional childbirth. Objectives: This study was conducted among JSY-eligible women who delivered between April 2012 and June 2012 to assess the utilization of cash incentives toward institutional delivery, along with other associated factors influencing institutional delivery. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted between July 2012 and May 2013 on 946 women selected through stratified random sampling of subcentres from better and worse performing districts of West Bengal. Results: 74.7% of the study population was JSY-eligible. 90.2% of those who took three antenatal check-ups (ANCs) and 36.8% JSY-noneligible women received cash. Government institutions were preferred for childbirth among all groups irrespective of JSY eligibility, receipt of cash, and number of antenatal visits. Overall, 78.8% opted for institutional delivery if they had received cash, which was significantly more than those who did not (64.5%). JSY-eligible women were 1.5 times more likely to deliver in government institutions compared to JSY-noneligible women. With no incentive, the likelihood of institutional delivery was halved. The distance of a 24 Χ 7 delivery hub beyond 5 km (74.8% vs. 81.8%), the religion of Islam (62.7% vs. 83.2%), and multiparity (63.9% vs. 83.6%) were significant deterring factors. Conclusion: Despite some inclusion and exclusion errors, cash incentive under JSY was associated with increased institutional delivery, especially in government institutions though there were other factors influencing the decision as well.

<b>A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Treating Psychiatric Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome</b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

<p><b>Introduction </b>: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a constellation of symptoms that occurs 3-10 days before menses, and irritability is the most common mental symptom of PMS.<br> <b>Subjects </b>: Subjects were 52 women who were seen for irritability prior to menses. Thirty of the women received acupuncture (the treatment group) while the remaining 22 women were untreated (the control group).<br><b>Methods </b>: The Stress Response Scale-18 (SRS-18) was used to measure the extent of mental symptoms. The treatment group underwent 1 session of acupuncture per week for a total of 6 sessions (1 round of acupuncture). Mental symptoms were measured in the control group over 4 consecutive menstrual cycles. Patients with a total score on the SRS-18 of 20 to 40 points were identified in the 2 groups, and the SRS-18 scores of these selected patients were compared over consecutive menstrual cycles.<br><b>Results </b>: There was a statistically significant (P = 0.0080) difference between the percent improvement in the SRS-18 score for 17 selected patients from the treatment group and the percent change in that 21 score or 7 selected patients from the control group. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.00025) difference in the SRS-18 scores of the 30 patients in the treatment group before and after acupuncture. Of the 30 patients, 73.3% (22/30) satisfied with the treatment was effective. All mental symptoms of PMS, including irritability, were alleviated an average of 43% in those patients.<br><b>Conclusion </b>: Acupuncture alleviated the mental symptoms of PMS.</p>

Effect of Press Tack Needle Treatment on Shoulder Stiffness / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] This study examined the effect of press tack needle (PTN) treatment onshoulder stiffness.<BR>[Method] A total of 53 volunteers with shoulder stiffness were randomly divided into 2 groups, the press tack needlegroup and placebo (P) group. The points stimulated by PTN or P were a maximum of 4 tender points around the shoulder treated for 3 days. Evaluation of the effect was based on the consciousness of shoulder stiffness and visual analog scale (VAS) estimating the grade of the shoulder stiffness. The evaluations were done in prior to treatment (Pr), immediately after treatment (Post 1), and 3 days after treatment (Post 2).<BR>[Result] As a result, the number of the volunteers reporting awareness of stiff shoulder after 3 days decreased to 12 of28 persons in the PTN group, 23 of 25 in the P group. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (p<0.01). The VAS value decreased in the PTN group from 52.5±20.7 (Pr) to 40.5±22.4 (Post1), to 342±19.7 (Post2), while in the P group from 55.2±17.5 (Pr) to 46.5±19.7 (Post1) to 45.9±21.7 (Post2). There were significant differences between Pr and Post1 (p<0.05), and between Pr and Post2 (p<0.01) in PTN group.<BR>[Conclusion] It was suggested that PTN stimulation on the tender points improved shoulder stiffness.

The Findings of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Pontential(BAEP) and Somatosensory Evoked Potential(SSEP) in Head Injury

There were 84 cases of brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) and 90 cases of somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP) from the 124 cases of head injury. The studies were performed within the first three days after head injury in most cases and after ten days in emergency operative cases. The results of BAEP and SSEP studies recorded from 67 normal volunteers were used as a control group. The latency, amplitude and wave pattern of the evoked potential were examined and a peak or interpeak latency were considered abnormal when it exceeded the corresponding mean(2SD found in the control group. The wave patterns were arranged in BAEP as grade I:all waves were normal; grade II: waves I, II, III were abnormal;grade III:waves IV, V, VI were abnormal;grade IV:all waves were abnormal. In SSEP as grade I:all waves were normal;grade II:N13 wave was abnormal;grade III:N19wave was abnormal;grade IV:all waves were abnormal. The abnormal findings by percentage were:47.6% in latency of BAEP, 68.9% in latency of SSEP, 49.4% in wave pattern of BAEP and 87.8% in wave pattern of SSEP. The BAEP was superior to SSEP in correlation to clinical parameters including GCS, duration of coma, basal cisterns in initial brain CT scan and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS). As a BAEP criterion, the wave V latency and the BCT(III-V interpeak latency) and as a SSEP criterion, the central conduction time(N19-N13) were more correlated to duration of coma and GOS. The appearance of the basal cisterns on initial brain CT is significantly correlated with wave V and BCT of BAEP only. Grade I and II were reliable predictors of a good prognosis. Therefore, we concluded that BAEP and SSEP are adjunctively diagnostic tests for determining the outcome of head injuried patients.

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Delayed Cerebral Ischemic Deterioration

Somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs) reflect the functional integrity of the central neural pathways, and as such may be used to assess function that remains during variety of cerebral insults. To evaluate the utility of SEPs during cerebral ischemic deterioration due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, SEPs were measured in 43 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, among them 24 patients had no cerebral ischemic deterioration(group 1) and 19 patients had cerebral ischemic deterioration(group 2). In group 1, central conduction time(CCT) were measured on the day of admission(CCT1), the seventh day(CCT2), and the twenty-first day(CCT3) after aneurysmal rupture. In group 2, CCT were measured on the day of admission(CCT1), during(CCT2) and after resolution(CCT3) of cerebral ischemic deterioration. CCT2 of the both cerebral hemispheres were different significantly between two group(p=0.01). In group 2, there was stastically significantly difference between CCT1 and CCT2(p<0.01), and significant correlation between clinical grade and CCT was noted, especially in grade III, and IV. Therefore it is suggested that the central latencies of the SEPs are seemed to be a sensitive tools as indicators of the onset and extent of a cerebral ischemic deterioration due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.