RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate changes in expression of plasma soluble CD100 (sCD100) and membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) on peripheral T cells in patients with herpes zoster, and to observe the regulatory effect of exogenous CD100 on CD8 + T cells. Methods:A total of 53 patients with herpes zoster attending the Zhumadian Central Hospital from July 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled, so were 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Anticoagulated venous blood samples were collected, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, plasma sCD100 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mCD100 expression on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was determined by flow cytometry. After the purification of CD8 + T cells, the secretion levels of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines by CD8 + T cells were measured and compared between herpes zoster patients and controls. Some purified CD8 + T cells from herpes zoster patients were stimulated with recombinant human CD100 and recombinant varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein, and the effect of recombinant human CD100 on the secretion of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines by CD8 + T cells was investigated. Comparisons between groups were conducted by t test. Results:Plasma sCD100 levels were significantly lower in the herpes zoster group (1.12 ± 0.23 ng/ml) than in the control group (1.31 ± 0.28 ng/ml, t = 2.97, P = 0.004), the proportion of mCD100 + CD8 + T cells was significantly higher in the herpes zoster group (17.41% ± 4.26%) than in the control group (14.69% ± 3.70%, t = 2.52, P = 0.014), and no significant difference in the proportion of mCD100 + CD4 + T cells was found between the two groups (2.52% ± 0.58% vs. 2.32% ± 0.56%, t = 1.27, P = 0.208). The herpes zoster group showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of perforin and granzyme B in, and lower secretion levels of perforin, granzyme B, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α by CD8 + T cells compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). After stimulation with recombinant human CD100, levels of perforin, granzyme B, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the culture supernatant of CD8 + T cells (43.68 ± 14.12, 126.8 ± 22.92, 12.79 ± 3.66, 310.0 ± 79.90 pg/ml, respectively ) were significantly higher than those in non-stimulated group (34.55 ± 10.78, 99.04 ± 10.44, 9.53 ± 2.00, 275.6 ± 68.04 pg/ml, respectively, all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:There was an imbalance between sCD100 and mCD100 expression in patients with herpes zoster, and exogenous sCD100 may enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8 + T cells in herpes zoster patients.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral CD100 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to assess the regulatory function of CD100 to T lymphocytes in HCC patients. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Fifty-seven HCC patients and twenty-two controls who were hospitalized in our hospital between April 2020 and July 2021 were enrolled. Anti-coagulant peripheral blood was collected. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. Plasma soluble CD100 (sCD100) level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) expression on CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry. PBMC from HCC patients were stimulated with recombinant human CD100. Cellular proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8. Different types of T helper cells (Th cells) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) were assessed by flow cytometry. Perforin and granzyme B secretion by alpha fetoprotein (AFP) specific CD8 + T lymphocytes was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. CD8 + T lymphocytes were purified from HCC patients, and were stimulated with recombinant human CD100. Stimulated CD8 + T lymphocytes were co-cultured with HepG2 cells. AFP specific CD8 + T lymphocytes-induced HepG2 cell death was investigated. Student's t test or paired t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of abnormally distributed continuous data between two groups. Chi square test was used for comparison of categorial data between two groups. Results Plasma sCD100 level was lower in HCC group when compared with control group ((2.73±0.58)ng/mL vs(3.33±0.84)ng/mL, t =3.584, P 0.05). The percentages of CD4 + IFNγ + Th1 cells, CD4 + IL-17A + Th17 cells, CD4 + IL-22 + Th22 cells, and CD8 + IFNγ + Tc1 cells were notably increased in response to CD100 stimulation when compared with no CD100 stimulation ( t =2.608、5.663、4.113、4605, all P 0.05). Perforin and granzyme B secretion by AFP specific CD8 + T lymphocytes were significantly elevated in response to CD100 stimulation when compared with no CD100 stimulation in HLA-A02 restricted HCC patients ( P < 0.05). AFP specific CD8 + T lymphocytes-induced HepG2 cell death was also increased in response to CD100 stimulation ( t =6.794、2.308, both P < 0.05). Conclusion There was an imbalance between sCD100 and mCD100 on T lymphocytes in HCC patients. Reduced sCD100 level might be insufficient for maintenance of T lymphocytes activity, leading to the immunotolerance in HCC.
RESUMEN
A aterosclerose é uma doença degenerativa crônica dos vasos, com conseqüências clínicas agudas que incluem o infarto do miocárdio e o acidente vascular cerebral, resultantes geralmente da ruptura da placa e trombose. É atualmente reconhecida como de característica inflamatória, iniciada e propagada no contexto da hipercolesterolemia. Um trabalho de nosso grupo utilizou técnicas de phage display para comparar placas ateroscleróticas e carótidas normais objetivando a busca de proteínas alteradas potencialmente envolvidas na patogênese da doença. Diversas semaforinas e plexinas (receptores de semaforinas) foram identificadas dentre elas a plexina B1, que possui alta afinidade por CD100, sugerindo assim uma concentração aumentada de CD100 na placa aterosclerótica. CD100 foi a primeira semaforina descrita no sistema imune e a única até hoje descrita como possuidora de duas formas de funcionalidades distintas, sendo uma de membrana (mCD100) e outra solúvel (sCD100). Neste trabalho demonstramos a expressão da semaforina CD100 em macrófagos e células espumosas em placas ateroscleróticas humanas, assim como seu padrão de expressão ao longo da diferenciação monócito-macrófago-célula espumosa, e sob estímulos distintos. Além disso, identificamos pela primeira vez o receptor que medeia suas atividades nessas células, a plexina B2. Adicionalmente, detectamos também pela primeira vez detectamos a expressão de CD100 em células endoteliais teciduais e cultivadas in vitro, o que sugere um papel significativo da semaforina em fenômenos vasculares. Com base nessas observações e nos resultados de experimentos de bloqueio de adesão constatamos que CD100 pode atuar na fase mais precoce da aterosclerose, como uma molécula de adesão envolvida na ligação entre monócitos e células endoteliais. Verificamos ainda que CD100 diminui a captação de LDLox em macrófagos e células espumosas. Poucos estudos relatam a presença ou possível atividade biológica de CD100 tanto na aterosclerose...
Atherosclerosis is a chronic degenerative disease affecting vessels, with acute clinical consequences that include myocardium infarction or stroke, generally resulting from plaque rupture and thrombosis. It is now recognized as an inflammatory disease, initiated and developed in a hipercholesterolemic context. A work in our lab has used phage display techniques to compare atherosclerotic plaques and normal carotids, searching for altered proteins potentially involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Many semaphorins and plexins (semaphorin receptors) have been identified, among which plexin B1, a high affinity receptor for CD100, suggesting an augmented level of CD100 in the atherosclerotic plaques. CD100 is the first semaphorin described in the immune system, and the only to possess two forms with distinct functionalities, being one associated to the membrane, mCD100, and another soluble form, sCD100. In the present work we have demonstrated CD100 expression in macrophages and foam cells of human atherosclerotic plaques, as well as its pattern of expression along monocyte-macrophage-foam cell differentiation and under distinct stimuli. Furthermore, we have identified for the first time the receptor involved in CD100 activities in these cells, namely plexin B2. Aditionally, we have detected CD100 expression in tissue as well as in in vitro cultured endothelial cells, also for the first time. According to these informations and adhesion blockage experiments we have shown that CD100 may act in the earliest phase of the establishment of atherosclerosis, as an adhesion molecule involved in monocyte-endothelial cell association. We have also verified that CD100 diminishes the intake of oxLDL in macrophages and foam cells. Only a few studies describe the presence or possible biological activity of CD100 in atherosclerosis or macrophages. Since the molecule has been shown to participate in the immune system, we believe that the differential expression of...