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The great spirit of combating the COVID⁃19 epidemic is condensed from the practice of the national people’s great spirit of combating the COVID⁃19 epidemic led by the Party and the country. It is consistent with the goals of medical ethics curriculums and has a close relationship with the content. It is a new era element of ideological and political construction in medical ethics curriculums， providing inevitability for its integration into medical ethics curriculums. Its spiritual connotations of the spirit of humanism， patriotism， dedication， and science， as well as moral responsibility， have profound significance in educating and guiding medical students to cultivate correct values， deepen a strong sense of family and country， strengthen ideals and beliefs， cultivate practical character， and solidify the moral foundation. Therefore， it’s necessary to adhere to the guidance of value and introduce the anti-epidemic spirit into the main channel of classroom teaching， strengthen the integration of knowledge and action and integrate the anti-epidemic spirit into the whole process of practical teaching， enrich educational carriers， apply modern information technology to carry out anti-epidemic spirit education， and promote the comprehensive and three-dimensional integration of anti-epidemic spirit into medical ethics teaching.
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AIM: To explore the characteristics of astigmatism in preschool children before, during and after the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide a reference for further prevention and control of children's vision.METHODS: In the consecutive four years from January 2018 to December 2021, a retrospective analysis of vision data was conducted on 2 273 preschool children(4 546 eyes)younger than 4 years old who participated in children's vision screening test in Baiyun district, Guangzhou. They were divided into 1-year old group(ages<1-year old, 420 cases), 2-year old group(1-year ≤ ages <2-year, 543 cases), 3-year old group(2-year ≤ages <3-year, 614 cases), and 4-year old group(3-year ≤ ages<4-year, 696 cases)according to ages. The analysis included astigmatic degrees of children's eyes as well as their conditions of astigmatism.RESULTS: In 2018, the astigmatic degrees of the both eyes of 1-year-old group were higher than those of other groups(P<0.05). The binocular astigmatic degrees of the preschool children in four groups were obviously higher in 2020 than 2019(P<0.05), while they were significantly decreased in 2021 when compared with 2020(P<0.05). From 2019 to 2020, the increase of astigmatic degrees of the right eye is more considerable than the left eye of preschool children in those four groups(P<0.001). Furthermore, the morbidity of astigmatism basically echoes with the changing tendency of astigmatic degrees from 2018 to 2021.CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children in Baiyun district, Guangzhou, have the highest degree of astigmatism and the fastest progression rate within 1 year old. Before COVID-19 epidemic, the changes in astigmatism and prevalence were relatively stable; during COVID-19 epidemic, the astigmatism and prevalence increased significantly and the astigmatic degrees of right eye increased more than that of the left eye; after the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the astigmatism and prevalence decreased significantly.
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【Objective】 To explore the mediating effect of different organizational climate on volunteer service motivation and work engagement among volunteers during the COVID-19 epidemic. 【Methods】 The Volunteer Service Motivation Scale, Organizational Climate Scale, and Work Input Scale were used to investigate relevant contents among volunteers from Shaanxi, Hubei and Henan provinces who participated in prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic by convenient sampling method. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to explore the correlation among volunteer service motivation, organizational climate and work engagement. The Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating role of organizational climate between volunteer service motivation and work engagement. 【Results】 The scores of volunteer service motivation, organizational climate, and work engagement of the 834 volunteers were 72.45±13.66, 24.03±4.65, and 51.59±10.04, respectively. Volunteer service motivation was positively correlated with work engagement (r=0.556, P<0.001) and organizational climate (r=0.604, P<0.001). Organizational climate was positively correlated with work engagement (r=0.632, P<0.001). Organizational climate played a mediating role between volunteer service motivation and work engagement (effect value=0.278, accounting for 47.0% of the total effect). 【Conclusion】 Volunteer service motivation indirectly affects work engagement through organizational climate, indicating that volunteer team managers can improve their work engagement level by improving the organizational climate.
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Objective:To investigate the medical students' general understanding of online teaching and online learning of medical courses during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to analyze the satisfaction with online medical curriculum and its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 188 medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University were investigated anonymously with a self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 was used for analyzing the relevant data, t test or variance analysis was conducted for coparison between groups, with test level α= 0.05. Results:The 88.83% (167) of the students believed that online teaching was much necessary, and the greatest advantage of online teaching was that they could arrange their learning time freely. However, 59.57%(112) of the students thought that the learning consciousness was reduced, and 49.47% (93) of the teachers were inadaptable to the change of teaching platform and 59.57% (112) teachers could not adapt to the change of teaching may be the main reasons affecting the teaching quality.Conclusion:Students have a high degree of acceptance of online teaching during the epidemic, but there are some problems such as decreased self-discipline, insufficient interaction between teachers and students, dissatisfaction with the construction of online course platform, inability to visit the laboratory and practice in the hospital, and so on. The investigation is still helpful to revise the medical education model in the post-epidemic period and the future. Our results suggest that the combination of online and offline teaching mode can be adopted in medical theory class and PBL discussion class, and at the same time, the construction of online learning resources for clinical practice and medical experiments should be strengthened.
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Introducción: Desde que aparecieron los primeros casos en China de COVID-19, el Gobierno cubano, de conjunto con el Ministerio de Salud Pública y el Estado Mayor de la Defensa Civil aprobó el Plan de Prevención y Control del nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) con las medidas para el control de la epidemia en el país. Objetivo: Describir las principales características de la estrategia para el enfrentamiento a la epidemia de la COVID-19 en Cuba en el año 2020. Métodos: Se consultaron artículos científicos y sitios web de organismos internacionales, el gobierno y la prensa cubanos. De la información obtenida se realizó el análisis sobre las acciones realizadas por el Gobierno cubano y sus instituciones para el enfrentamiento a la epidemia de COVID 19 en el 2020. Resultados: Se implementó un sistema de alerta epidemiológica, se reforzaron todos los mecanismos para la vigilancia clínico epidemiológica y las relacionadas con el control sanitario internacional, se activaron los Consejos de Defensa provinciales y municipales en apoyo a las acciones de enfrentamiento. La participación social y la intersectorialidad fueron pilares en el enfrentamiento a la epidemia. También la ciencia y la innovación estuvieron vinculadas a la gestión gubernamental. Conclusiones: Distinguen entre las características de la estrategia adoptada por la gestión del gobierno, la capacitación, vigilancia epidemiológica y pesquisa activa, bajo un protocolo de actuación y una efectiva comunicación que se aplica en todo el país e integra todos los sectores de la sociedad cubana(AU)
Introduction: Since the appearance of the first cases of COVID-19 in China, the Cuban Government, together with the Ministry of Public Health and the General Staff of Civil Defense, approved the Plan for Prevention and Control of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) with the measures for the control of the epidemic in the country. Objective: To describe the main characteristics of the strategy to confront the COVID-19 epidemic in Cuba in 2020. Methods: Scientific articles and websites of Cuban international organizations, the government and the press were consulted. From the information collected, the analysis was carried out on the actions implemented by the Cuban government and its institutions to confront the COVID 19 epidemic in 2020. Results: An epidemiological alert system was implemented, all mechanisms for clinical epidemiological surveillance and those related to International Sanitary Control were reinforced, and provincial and municipal Defense Councils were activated in support of confrontation actions. Social participation and intersectoriality have been pillars in the fight against the epidemic. Science and innovation have also been linked to government management. Conclusions: Among the characteristics of the strategy adopted by the government's management, training, epidemiological surveillance and active research, are highlighted under a protocol of action and effective communication that is applied throughout the country and integrates all sectors of Cuban society(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adaptación Psicológica , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , CubaRESUMEN
ObjectiveTo assess the epidemic trend of COVID-19 Omicron and the effectiveness of containment measures in Shanghai by estimating the time-varying reproduction number （Rt）. MethodsBased on the daily reported confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections in Shanghai from February 20 to April 26， 2022， the R package "Epiestim"， which was built by Bayesian framework method， was used to estimate the variation curve of Rt during the epidemic period and to analyze the trend of the epidemic. ResultsIn the early stage of the epidemic， after the implementation of school closure and nuclear acid screening in some communities， Rt continued to fluctuate between 2.000 and 3.000， reaching a peak of 2.740 （95%CI： 2.640‒2.830） on March 21， but began to decline around one week after the city lock-down on April 1. As of April 18， the Rt value in Shanghai was below the threshold of 1.000 for the first time， reaching 0.955 （95%CI： 0.951‒0.961）. ConclusionAfter the implementation of public health measures with increasing strength of containment in Shanghai， the transmission rate gradually decreased， reflecting the effectiveness of the interventions. In the actual prevention and control process， the containment work should not be relaxed in order to keep the Rt below 1.000.
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【Objective】 To analyze the impact of sporadic cases of COVID-19 on the work of Transfusion Department, so as to explore the countermeasures. 【Methods】 The admission of inpatient departments, the reception of outpatient(including emergency) departments, the workload of transfusion department(including blood typing, unexpected antibody screening and cross matching), and the consumption of blood components in the Xijing Hospital between October and November in 2021, during COVID-19 outbreak, were collected. All the above data was statistically compared to the data in same period in 2018, before the COVID-19 outbreak. 【Results】 Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, there was a significant decrease in number of inpatients(280±157.1 vs 340.4±110.2), outpatient(including emergency)(8 359±3 615 vs 10 151±3 225), the workload of blood typing(272.0±132.4 vs 341.6±110.4), unexpected antibody screening(78.26±42.22 vs 98.51±43.53) and crossmatch(237.2±99 vs 475.7±155.6), as well as the consumption(U) of all blood components(457.9±50.32 vs 579.4±62.51) in the Xijing Hospital(P<0.05). In detail, the epidemic had the most direct impact on the number of inpatients and outpatients, which shrank continuously on the 2nd day after official announcement of the new COVID-1 cases. While the workload of blood typing, unexpected antibody screening and crossmatch decreased slightly, with a lag, usually on the 2nd, 3rd and 5th day after official announcement. The decrease of the usage of red blood cells and plasma began from the 7th day after the new epidemic to the 6th day after the end of the epidemic. However, the usage platelets and cryoprecipitate coagulation factors decreased from the 8th and 10th day after the new epidemic to the 2nd and 6th day after the end of the epidemic, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The daily work of Blood Transfusion Department has been seriously affected by sporadic COVID-19 epidemic. The working mode, staff structure and inventory ratio of blood components should be adjusted and optimized instantly to maintain the normal conduct of medical treatments in hospitals and ensure the safety of patients.
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Based on the teaching advantages of "Internet +", we integrated the ATDE(asking, thinking, doing, evaluation) teaching model to explore the online teaching mode of neurology during the COVID-19 epidemic, and chose the ischemic cerebrovascular disease as a representative case of specific neurological diseases. The practical ATDE teaching in the teaching of neurology was elaborated by introducing, inspiring doubt, setting suspense, and raising questions, and leading students gradually to think deeply. Finally, the innovation and thinking of the online teaching of neurology brought by "Internet +ATDE" teaching model are discussed.
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Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), known as COVID-19 for short, is a new infectious disease that spreads rapidly. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, the global epidemic situation is still grim. It is necessary for a comprehensive grade triple-A hospital to strictly control the transmission risk in the hospital and ensure the life and health safety of medical staff, other patients and accompanying staff, in addition to fulfilling its responsibility of treating COVID-19 patients. In this context, unprecedented challenges have been posed to the routine work flow of the hospital, including personnel management, system construction, supply and logistics support, and infection control. The paper summarizes the experience in hospital logistics support management, aiming at exploring strategies for coping with the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Combined with the relevant policies promulgated by the state, the paper elaborates three basic modes of prescription refill management for chronic diseases: community model, pharmacy model, and distribution model. Then from multiple perspectives including the internal strengths and weaknesses of chronic disease management reform, as well as external opportunities and threats, the paper uses the SWOT analysis method to analyze the feasibility of establishing and popularizing the management of refilled prescriptions for chronic diseases during the COVID-19 epidemic and the advantages and disadvantages of carrying out this management mode. At the same time, medical institutions, doctors and patients are required to change the concept of chronic disease management mode in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control. On the premise of ensuring the safety of patients’ medication and the safety of national medical insurance funds during this period, we should promote the implementation of prescription refills for chronic diseases.
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Introducción: A partir de la aparición de la epidemia COVID-19 se conforma un equipo multidisciplinario en Santiago de Cuba con participación de varias instituciones y activado por el Consejo de defensa provincial. El análisis integrado epidemiológico, la gestión gubernamental y la respuesta social resultarían determinantes en el control de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Identificar posibles grupos de casos con COVID-19 en la provincia Santiago de Cuba y caracterizar su transmisión según variables epidemiológicas. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio ecológico, comparándose los clústeres de transmisión de COVID-19. Se resumieron variables de interés y se realizó análisis de redes sociales desde el punto de vista de las relaciones entre casos y contactos, así como análisis espacial. Resultados: Se identificaron cinco grupos espaciales de transmisión en los municipios, uno en Palma Soriano, uno en Contramaestre y tres en Santiago de Cuba. Los antecedentes patológicos personales (hipertensión y procesos respiratorios), el sexo femenino, los casos sintomáticos y el promedio de 22 a 27 contactos por cada confirmado fueron las variables más relevantes. Se identificó fuente de infección introducida en 51 por ciento (25/49). Además, se identificaron redes sociales complejas en la transmisión de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La transmisión de COVID-19 en la provincia Santiago de Cuba mostró grupos de casos y contactos con redes sociales epidemiológicas características para cada municipio, así como el modo de transmisión de acuerdo a la fuente de infección, relaciones de familiaridad o cercanía social y la relación de distancia espacial entre contactos, aspectos que influyeron en las bajas tasas de incidencia de la enfermedad, con predominio en su forma sintomática, edades jóvenes y en mujeres(AU)
Introduction: From the onset of COVID-19 epidemic, a multidisciplinary team is formed in Santiago de Cuba with the participation of several institutions and activated by the Provincial Defense Council. Integrated epidemiological analysis, government management and social response would be decisive in controlling the disease. Objectives: To identify possible groups of COVID-19 cases in the Santiago de Cuba province and to describe the transmission according to epidemiological variables. Methods: An ecological study was carried out, comparing COVID-19 transmission clusters. Variables of interest were summarized and analysis of social contact networks was carried out from the point of view of the relationships between cases and contacts, as well as spatial analysis. Results: Five spatial transmission groups were identified in the municipalities, one in Palma Soriano, one in Contramaestre and three in Santiago de Cuba. The personal pathological antecedents (hypertension and respiratory processes), female sex, symptomatic cases and the average of 22 to 27 contacts for each confirmed were the most relevant variables. A source of introduced infection was identified in 51 percent (25/49). In addition, complex social networks were identified in the transmission of the disease. Conclusions: The transmission of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba province showed groups of cases and contacts with characteristic epidemiological social networks for each municipality, as well as the mode of transmission according to the source of infection, relationships of familiarity or social closeness and the relationship of spatial distance between contacts, which influenced on the low incidence rates of the disease, with predominance of symptomatic form, young ages and in women(AU)
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Humanos , Análisis por Conglomerados , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Red Social , CubaRESUMEN
@#Objective To investigate the job satisfaction, emotional state and related factors of medical staff participating in online consultation of West China Internet Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Through literature review and expert consultation (Delphi method), the questionnaire was developed, and the online consulting medical staff of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were invited to conduct the questionnaire survey from 26 January to 19 June 2020, and finally the statistical analysis was summarized. Results A total of 132 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Of the 132 subjects, 127 people (96.2%) expressed satisfaction or special satisfaction with the online consulting office format; 103 respondents (78.0%) said that online consulting did not affect or completely did not affect the work and life; 81 people (61.4%) consulted online more than 5 days a week, and 108 people (81.8%) worked within 2 hours a day; the vast majority (97.7%) of the research subjects were satisfied with the content of the training materials and the related support work of the coordination group. Only 29 (22.0%) of the study participants believed that the epidemic caused negative emotions, mainly due to the severity of the epidemic. Conclusion The online consulting medical staff are satisfied with the office form, training materials and coordination work group of the COVID-19 epidemic, and think that it does not affect their work and life. 22.0% of medical staff have negative emotions, and the severity of the epidemic is the main reason.
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【Objective】 To compare the platelet apheresis donation rate via telephone and WeChat appointment in Shijiazhuang area during the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to give suggestions for optimizing blood donation appointment in major public events. 【Methods】 The number and appointment type of apheresis donors from January to March 2019(the control) vs January to March 2020(study group 1) vs January to March 2021(study group2) in Shijiazhuang area were collected. A total of 1 204 and 1 305 questionnaires were distributed to two study groups to analyze their acceptance of telephone and WeChat appointment. 【Results】 More turnout donors preferred WeChat appointment, relative to telephone calls, during January to March 2020 and 2021. But some inactive donors preferred appointment given by telephone calls. 【Conclusion】 Different appointment methods should be adopted to recruit blood donors according to the targets of blood centers, in the event of national or local COVID-19 epidemic.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the impact of middle- and long-distance running on mental health of students in a college in Guangzhou during the COVID-19 outbreak.@*METHODS@#We collected data using online questionnaires from the college students selected via snowball sampling. After exclusion of invalid questionnaires and matching the data of running exercise with physical test scores of the participants, 1022 questionnaires were deemed valid for analysis. Of the 1022 students, 869 completed at least a 60-km running distance each semester as required and 153 students did not complete the task. The mental health status of the students was evaluated using PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The scale scores were compared between the students who completed the running task and those who did not, and the factors affecting anxiety and depression were analyzed using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#The students who completed the running task had significantly higher physical test scores than those who did not complete the task (@*CONCLUSION@#Regular middleand long-distance running exercise may enhance the physical health to indirectly promote the mental health of the college students during COVID-19 outbreak.
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Humanos , Ansiedad , COVID-19 , China , Estudios Transversales , Brotes de Enfermedades , Salud Mental , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudiantes , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
【Objective】 To understand the epidemic status of drug-resistant Mycobacteriun tuberculosis in Xi’an in the past three years, and the impact of COVID-19 epidemic during 2020 so as to provide basic information for local multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) prevention and treatment. 【Methods】 Tuberculosis (TB) detected by sputum culture, the corresponding drug susceptibility tests data, and basic clinical information of TB patients diagnosed in Xi’an from January 2018 to October 2020 were collected from the management system; then the epidemic status and the drug resistance status were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the patients’ treatment history and the drug resistance of TB strains, and the trend of changes in the drug resistance rate in retreated patients. 【Results】 In the past three years, there was a total drug resistance rate of 25.3% in 5 146 strains of MTB, and 24.8% in treatment initiation and 38.22% in retreatment, respectively. The treatment initiation patients showed a decreased MDR-TB detection rate, and the retreated patients had an increased MDR-TB detection rate. The spectrum of MDR-TB in the retreated patients gradually became more complicated, and the resistance rate of second-line drugs such as Kanamycin and Ofloxacin gradually increased. There were 10 drug-resistant combinations mainly in H+R+S and H+R+S+E. During the year 2020 of COVID-19 epidemic, the number of initial and retreated patients decreased significantly compared with that in 2018 and 2019, but with no difference in the drug-resistance rate. There was an increasing detection rate of PDR and MDR-TB strains in the retreated patients. Multinomial logistic regression results showed that in 2020 the retreated patients had 4.28 times of developing PDR-TB (P=0.001, 95% CI=1.417-12.930), and 5.378 times of developing MDR-TB (P<0.001, 95% CI=2.641-10.952) than patients of treatment initiation. 【Conclusion】 In the past three years, the prevention and control of drug-resistant TB in Xi’an has achieved some progress, but drug resistance in retreated patients is still serious. To avoid and reduce the development of drug-resistant TB, precise and active intervention measures should be taken, and health management of TB patients should be strengthened, especially during the current period of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.
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Objective : To establish a practical data-driven method that helps predict the evolutionary trend of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, track and prejudge the current risk classification of the epidemic area, and provide a quantitative evidence for precision prevention and control strategies. Methods ¡¤ A moving average prediction limit (MAPL) method was established based on the moving average method. The previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic data was used to verify the practicability of the MAPL method for predicting epidemic trends and quantitative risk. By tracking the COVID-19 outbreak epidemic data publicly reported since January 16, 2020, the MAPL method was used for timely epidemic trend prediction and the risk classification. Results ¡¤ According to the MAPL analysis, the na-tional epidemic of COVID-19 peaked in early February 2020. After active prevention and control in early stages, the overall epidemic situation in the country showed a downward trend from mid-February to mid-March. Compared with Hubei Province, the number of new cases in non-Hubei region declined rapidly in mid-February, but then increased slightly. The analysis of imported cases since March showed that there was a medium to high level of epidemic import risk in the near future. It is recommended to take corresponding prevention and control measures to prevent the epidemic from spreading again. Conclusion ¡¤ The MAPL method can assist in judging the epidemic trend of emerging infectious diseases and predicting the risk levels in a timely manner. Each epidemic district may implement a differentiated precision prevention and control strategies according to the local classification of epidemic risk. Since March, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of imported risks.