Blood donor candidates and blood donations performed between 2005 and 2019 in Minas Gerais, Brazil: A time series analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Time series studies related to blood donor candidates and blood donations are rare in Brazil. Population aging suggests a better understanding of the context related to blood donor candidates and blood donations performed. Objective: The monthly series of candidates eligible to donate blood and actual donations between 2005 and 2019 at the Hemominas Foundation, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were described and analyzed. Methods: Ten time series were constructed of blood donor candidates and blood donations. Each series covered the period from January 2005 to December 2019. The stationarity of the series was verified by the unit root test; the data distribution, by the Shapiro-Wilk test; the trend, by the Cox-Stuart test, and; the seasonality, by the Fisher's test (significance levels of 10% for the first test and 5% for the last three). Results: All series were identified as non-stationary and presented trend and seasonality components. The rate of blood donor candidates and the rate of blood donations performed evidenced a positive upward trend until the last two-year analysis, when a drop occurred, from 1.75% and 1.42% in 2017 to 1.64% and 1.35% in 2019, respectively. The rate of blood donations trended downward, from 0.054% in 2005 to 0.046% in 2019. The proportion of unsuitable or unretained candidates reduced. Conclusion: The study emphasized the need to stimulate blood donation by specific groups and increase ways to reduce the demand for blood components through the implementation of programs that expand alternatives to blood transfusions.

Perspectives for a new drug candidate for Chagas disease therapy

Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects more than 6 million people mostly in poor areas of Latin America. CD has two phases: an acute, short phase mainly oligosymptomatic followed to the chronic phase, a long-lasting stage that may trigger cardiac and/or digestive disorders and death. Only two old drugs are available and both present low efficacy in the chronic stage, display side effects and are inactive against parasite strains naturally resistant to these nitroderivatives. These shortcomings justify the search for novel therapeutic options considering the target product profile for CD that will be presently reviewed besides briefly revisiting the data on phosphodiesterase inhibitors upon T. cruzi.

Investigation on the scientific research background and occupational cognition of MD-PhD program enrollees / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the differences and current situation of scientific research background and occupational cognition of enrollees in MD-PhD programs.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 158 students (40 males and 118 females) who were enrolled in MD-PhD programs in a medical college during 2017 to 2020. SPSS 24.0 and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Over 50% of enrollees in 2019 and 2020 had at least 2-year experience in basic medical research before enrollment. The research background of MD-PhD program enrollees was continuously improving from 2018 to 2020, and Fisher's exact chi-square P value was 0.02. Since 2018, the proportion of enrollees who planned to seek for administrative or education-related jobs in medical institutions had reduced year by year ( P=0.01). Conclusion:In view of the scientific research problems and professional cognitive tendencies of the new students of the MD-PhD programs, certain relevant guidance suggestions are put forward in this study.

In Silico Screening of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Using Molecular Docking Simulation / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore potential natural products against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) via the study of structural and non-structural proteins of human coronaviruses.@*METHODS@#In this study, we performed an in-silico survey of 25 potential natural compounds acting against SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking studies were carried out using compounds against 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLPRO), papain-like protease (PLPRO), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), non-structural protein (nsp), human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (hACE2R), spike glycoprotein (S protein), abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1), calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and transmembrane protease serine 2.@*RESULTS@#Among the screened compounds, amentoflavone showed the best binding affinity with the 3CLPRO, RdRp, nsp13, nsp15, hACE2R. ABL1 and calcineurin-NFAT; berbamine with hACE2R and ABL1; cepharanthine with nsp10, nsp14, nsp16, S protein and ABL1; glucogallin with nsp15; and papyriflavonol A with PLPRO protein. Other good interacting compounds were juglanin, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, broussooflavan A, tomentin A, B and E, 7-methoxycryptopleurine, aloe emodin, quercetin, tanshinone I, tylophorine and furruginol, which also showed excellent binding affinity towards a number of target proteins. Most of these compounds showed better binding affinities towards the target proteins than the standard drugs used in this study.@*CONCLUSION@#Natural products or their derivatives may be one of the potential targets to fight against SARS-CoV-2.

O mal-estar na formação psicanalítica: ameaças à função generativa dos Institutos e Sociedades em que ocorre a formação psicanalítica / Processes of infantilization in psychoanalytic training: threats to the generative function of the institutes/societies in which psychoanalytic training takes place / El malestar en la formación psicoanalítica: amenazas a la función generativa de los Institutos y Sociedades en los que se desarrolla la formación psicoanalítica / Le malaise au sein de la formation psychanalytique: des menaces à la fonction générative des instituts et des sociétés où se passe la formation psychanalytique

Neste artigo, a autora focaliza a transmissão da psicanálise através da formação das próximas gerações. Destaca a tensão entre a necessidade dos psicanalistas de trabalhar em conjunto em uma instituição e a de manter certa distância, que possibilite uma terceira perspectiva quanto à sua identificação com o Instituto. Nesse contexto, apresenta o novo mandato do Comitê de Educação Psicanalítica (pec) e o seu projeto Encontros de Sociedades sobre Educação. Discute a questão da participação de candidatos/analistas em formação dentro dos Institutos. Aborda especialmente o desafio da supervisão na formação e suas vicissitudes. Outro tópico considerado são os seminários teóricos e a exigência de que os professores não confundam a necessária transmissão da tradição com idealizações do passado psicanalítico, e aceitem a natureza finita da sua compreensão da psicanálise.

This paper focuses on the transmission of psychoanalysis in training to the next generation. The tension between the need for psychoanalysts to work together in an institution and still maintain a certain distance for a third perspective in their identification with their Institute is highlighted. In this context, the new mandate of the Psychoanalytic Education Committee and its project' Meetings of Societies on Education' is presented. The question of the participation of candidates/analysts in training in the Institutes is discussed. The particular challenge of supervision in training and its vicissitudes is a main focus. A further topic are the theoretical seminars and the need that teachers do not confuse the necessary transmission of tradition with dogmatic idealization of the psychoanalytical past and can accept the finite nature of their understanding of psychoanalysis.

Este artículo se centra en la transmisión del psicoanálisis a través de la formación las próximas generaciones. La tensión entre la necesidad de que los psicoanalistas tengan que trabajar juntos en una institución y la de mantener una cierta distancia que permita destacar una tercera perspectiva respecto a su identificación con su Instituto es relevante. En este contexto, se presenta el nuevo mandato del Comité de Educación Psicoanalítica y su proyecto Encuentros de Sociedades sobre Educación. Se discute la cuestión de la participación de candidatos/analistas en la capacitación dentro de los Institutos. Su enfoque principal es la supervisión en la formación y sus vicisitudes. Otro asunto son los seminarios teóricos y la necesidad de que los maestros no confundan la necesaria transmisión de la tradición con las idealizaciones del pasado psicoanalítico, y acepten la naturaleza finita de su comprensión del psicoanálisis.

Cet article a son focus sur la transmission de la psychanalyse par l'intermédiaire de la formation des prochaines générations. On met en relief la tension entre le besoin des psychanalystes de travailler ensemble dans une institution et de garder une certaine distance, de façon à permettre une troisième perspective concernant son identification à son Institut. Dans ce contexte, on présente le nouveau mandat du Comité d'Education Psychanalytique et son projet Rencontres de Sociétés à Propos de l'Education. On discute encore de la question de la participation de candidats/analystes en formation dans les Instituts. L'un des points principaux, en particulier, c'est le défi de la supervision dans la formation et ses vicissitudes. Un autre point concerne les séminaires théoriques et le besoin des professeurs ne pas confondre la transmission nécessaire de la tradition et les idéalisations du passé psychanalytique, pouvant ainsi accepter la nature finie de leur compréhension de la psychanalyse.

Formação psicanalítica em tempos de covid-19: considerações sobre o papel da Associação dos Membros Filiados na formação psicanalítica no Instituto Durval Marcondes / Psychoanalytic training in times of covid-19 / Formación psicoanalítica en tiempos del covid-19 / Formation psychanalytique en période de covid-19

Neste artigo, as autoras partem de uma retomada histórica sobre o papel da Associação dos Membros Filiados (AMF) em suas cinco décadas de existência e apresentam resultados de pesquisa realizada a propósito do impacto da pandemia da covid-19 nas formações, nas clínicas e nas vidas dos filiados. Descrevem como neste momento de pandemia a Associação aproximou-se de modo mais significativo de seus membros e se tornou ainda mais um espaço de escuta, de trocas e um porta-voz dos filiados diante da diretoria do Instituto Durval Marcondes e da SBPSP. Com base nessas reflexões, conclui-se que a AMF precisa, para conservar seu vigor e caráter, manter-se como um lugar reflexivo e independente, em que seus membros possam ser ouvidos, respeitados e a formação, debatida.

In this article, the authors begin with a historical review of the role of the Affiliated Members Association (AMF) in its five decades of existence and report the results of research conducted on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the training, clinics, and lives of affiliates. They describe how, in this moment of pandemic, the Association came closer in a more significant way to its members and became even more a space for listening, exchanges and a spokesperson for the affiliates before the board of the Instituto Durval Marcondes and the SBPSP. From the reflections of the article we conclude that the AMF needs, in order to maintain its vigor and character, to remain a reflective and independent place where its members can be heard, respected and their training debated.

En este artículo, las autoras parten de una reanudación histórica del papel de la Asociación de Miembros Afiliados (AMF) en sus cinco décadas de existencia y presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada sobre el impacto de la pandemia covid-19 en la formación, clínicas y vidas de los afiliados. Describen cómo, en este momento pandémico, la Asociación se volvió más significativa para sus miembros y se convirtió aún más en un espacio de escucha, intercambio y en portavoz de los afiliados junto el directorio del Instituto Durval Marcondes y de SBPSP. De estas reflexiones, se puede concluir que la AMF necesita, para mantener su vigor y carácter, permanecer como un lugar reflexivo e independiente, donde sus miembros puedan ser escuchados, respetados y discutida la formación.

Dans cet article, les auteurs partent d'une reprise historique du rôle de l'Association des membres affiliés (AMF) au cours de ses cinq décennies d'existence et présentent les résultats d'une recherche sur l'impact de la pandémie de covid-19 sur la formation, les cliniques et la vie des affiliés. Elles décrivent comment, en ce moment de pandémie, l'Association est devenue plus significative pour ses membres et est devenue encore plus un espace d'écoute, d'échanges et de porte-parole des affiliés à l'Instituto Durval Marcondes et au SBPSP. Des réflexions de l'article, on peut conclure que l'AMF a besoin, pour conserver sa vigueur et son caractère, de rester comme un lieu de réflexion et d'indépendance, où ses membres peuvent être entendus, respectés et la formation peut être discutée.

Meu caro candidato / Dear candidate / Mi querido candidato / Mon cher candidat

Trata-se de uma carta, hipotética, de um analista sênior a um colega candidato em que se discutem vicissitudes da formação e da função analítica, comparando-se diferentes épocas. A carta foi, originalmente, escrita para um livro dirigido aos candidatos da IPA.

It is a hypothetical letter from a senior analyst to a fellow candidate in which vicissitudes of training and the analytical function are discussed, comparing different times. The letter was, originally, written for a book addressed to IPA candidates.

Se trata de una hipotética carta de un analista senior a un compañero candidato en la que se discuten vicisitudes de la formación y función analítica, comparando diferentes momentos. La carta fue escrita originalmente para un libro dirigido a los candidatos de la IPA.

Il s'agit d'une lettre hypothétique d'un analyste senior à un collègue candidat dans laquelle sont discutées les vicissitudes de la formation et de la fonction analytique, comparant différentes époques. La lettre a été initialement écrite pour un livre adressé aux candidats de l'ipa.

Reflexões acerca do futuro da psicanálise / Reflections on the future of psychoanalysis / Reflexiones sobre el futuro del psiconálisis / Réflexions sur l'avenir de la psychanalyse

A Associação dos Membros Filiados (AMF) ao Instituto de Psicanálise da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise de São Paulo completa 50 anos. Este texto foi escrito para o simpósio comemorativo dessa data, organizado em torno do eixo passado, presente e futuro. A autora se propõe a pensar o futuro da psicanálise, com base em um ensaio ficcional sobre uma psicanálise distópica.

The Association of Candidates (amf) of the Institute of Psychoanalysis of the Brazilian Society of Psychoanalysis of São Paulo (SBPSP) celebrates 50 years. This article was written for the commemorative symposium of this date, organized on the axis: past, present and future. The author intends to think about the future of Psychoanalysis, based on a fictional essay about a dystopian Psychoanalysis.

La Asociación de Candidatos (amf) del Instituto de Psicoanálisis de la Sociedad Brasileña de Psicoanálisis de São Paulo celebra 50 años. Este texto fue escrito para el simposio conmemorativo de esta fecha, organizado en el eje: pasado, presente y futuro. La autora se propone pensar sobre el futuro del psicoanálisis, a partir de un ensayo ficticio sobre un psicoanálisis distópico.

L'Association des Candidats (amf) du Institut de Psychanalyse de la Société Brésilienne de Psychanalyse de São Paulo fête ses 50 ans en 2020. Ce texte a été écrit pour le colloque commémoratif de cette date, organisé autour de l'axe: passé, présent et futur. L'auteur propose de réfléchir à l'avenir de la psychanalyse, à partir d'un essai fictif sur une psychanalyse dystopique.

Nas vias de interromper ou não a gestação: vivências de gestantes de fetos com anencefalia / On the way to interrupting the gestation or not: experiences of pregnant women with anencephalic fetuses

Resumo A anencefalia é uma malformação caracterizada pela ausência total ou parcial do encéfalo e o Brasil é o quarto colocado em número de nascimentos de fetos anencéfalos no mundo. Existe associação entre anencefalia fetal e maior número de complicações maternas. A partir de 2012 a mulher com gestação de anencéfalo poderá manter ou interromper a gestação, se assim o desejar, sem necessidade de autorização judicial. Objetivos: compreender as vivências das mulheres de fetos com anencefalia e identificar os fatores determinantes para a escolha de interromper ou não interromper a gestação. Estudo qualitativo e método das narrativas de vida, com 12 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos e com diagnóstico de feto anencéfalo, que realizaram a interrupção da gestação ou o parto em uma maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados foi entre junho e novembro de 2016 e encerrada quando os padrões narrativos alcançaram a saturação progressiva, a partir das recorrências. Os enunciados emergidos após leitura flutuante e aprofundada foram articulados em Núcleos Narrativos e realizada análise comparativa e compreensiva dos dados. Os relatos trouxeram à tona as vivências intensas dessas mulheres, como também as fragilidades existentes em relação ao cuidado e a problemática da interrupção da gestação.

Abstract Anencephaly is a malformation characterized by the total or partial absence of the brain, and Brazil records the fourth largest number of births of anencephalic fetuses in the world. Fetal anencephaly is associated with a more significant number of maternal complications. As of 2012, women with anencephalic gestation were empowered with the right to carry the pregnancy to term or terminate it, if they so desired, without any judicial authorization. Objectives: to understand the experiences of women with fetal anencephaly and to identify the determinant factors for interrupting the gestation or not. This is a qualitative study using the Life Narratives method with 12 women over 18 years old diagnosed with an anencephalic fetus, who interrupted gestation or delivery in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected between June and November 2016, and the process was finalized when the narrative patterns reached progressive saturation from the recurrences. The statements that emerged following floating and in-depth reading were articulated in Narrative Nuclei, and data comparative and comprehensive analysis was performed. The reports brought to light the intense experiences of these women, as well as the weaknesses existing concerning care and the pregnancy termination issue.

Consistência na declaração de bens dos candidatos nas eleições brasileiras: ficção ou realidade? / Consistencia en la declaración de bienes de los candidatos en las elecciones brasileñas: ¿ficción o realidad? / Consistency in the declaration of assets of candidates in the brazilian elections: fiction or reality?

Resumo Neste artigo, os dados dos candidatos nas eleições brasileiras de 2010, 2012 e 2014 foram comparados com informações referentes à população brasileira. Ao todo, foram analisadas 486.832 candidaturas. Os candidatos apresentam maior idade e escolaridade do que a população em geral. Como pesquisas anteriores correlacionam positivamente idade e escolaridade com patrimônio, pode-se supor que os candidatos devem ter um patrimônio médio superior ao da população em geral. De fato, os candidatos tinham mais moradias e veículos do que a população em geral. Entretanto, a porcentagem de candidatos que apresentaram ativos bancários era muito baixa em comparação com a população em geral. Os resultados apontam que parte da declaração de bens dos candidatos não vem sendo preenchida corretamente, o que gera sério problema na relação principal-agente.

Resumen En este artículo, se compararon los datos de los candidatos en las elecciones brasileñas de 2010, 2012 y 2014 con informaciones referentes a la población en general. En total, se analizaron 486.832 candidaturas. Los candidatos presentan mayor edad y escolaridad que la población brasileña en general. Como las investigaciones anteriores correlacionan positivamente la edad y escolaridad con el patrimonio, se puede suponer que los candidatos deberían tener un patrimonio medio superior al de la población. De hecho, los candidatos tenían más inmuebles y vehículos que la población en general. Sin embargo, el porcentaje de candidatos que presentaron activos bancarios era muy bajo en comparación con la población en general. Los resultados indican que una parte de la declaración de bienes de los candidatos no está siendo correctamente declarada, lo que genera un problema serio en la relación principal-agente.

Abstract Candidates data in the Brazilian elections of 2010, 2012 and 2014 were compared with information regarding the population in general. A total of 486,832 applications were analyzed. The candidates presented higher age and level of schooling than the Brazilian population in general. As previous research positively correlates age and level of schooling with assets, it can be assumed that the candidates would have greater assets, on average, than the general population. The study showed that candidates had more residencies and vehicles than the general population. However, the percentage of candidates who had bank assets was very low compared to the population. The results point out that a portion of the candidates' assets is not correctly declared, which creates a serious problem in the principal-agent relationship.

Spider venom peptides as potential drug candidates due to their anticancer and antinociceptive activities

Spider venoms are known to contain proteins and polypeptides that perform various functions including antimicrobial, neurotoxic, analgesic, cytotoxic, necrotic, and hemagglutinic activities. Currently, several classes of natural molecules from spider venoms are potential sources of chemotherapeutics against tumor cells. Some of the spider peptide toxins produce lethal effects on tumor cells by regulating the cell cycle, activating caspase pathway or inactivating mitochondria. Some of them also target the various types of ion channels (including voltage-gated calcium channels, voltage-gated sodium channels, and acid-sensing ion channels) among other pain-related targets. Herein we review the structure and pharmacology of spider-venom peptides that are being used as leads for the development of therapeutics against the pathophysiological conditions including cancer and pain.(AU)

Screening of Strongyloides infection using an ELISA test in transplant candidates

OBJECTIVES: Hyperinfection or disseminated strongyloidiasis has been frequently reported after transplants and is related to high mortality. This study aimed to screen for strongyloidiasis using serological diagnoses in transplant candidates. METHODS: An ELISA test was performed with filariform larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis as a source of antigen. RESULTS: In the serum from transplant candidates, anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies were detected in 35/150 (23.3%) samples by soluble fractions in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 31/150 (20.7%) samples by soluble fractions in Tris-HCl, 27/150 (18.0%) samples by membrane fractions in PBS and 22/150 (14.7%) samples by membrane fractions in Tris-HCl. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest the ELISA test, ideally using soluble fractions of filariform larvae S. venezuelensis in PBS, as an additional strategy for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in transplant candidates.

Estereotipos de género y evaluación de candidatos en Estados Unidos: evidencia de una encuesta-experimento / Gender stereotypes and candidate evaluation in the United States: evidence from a survey-experiment / Estereotipos de genero e evaluacao de candidatos nos Estados Unidos: evidencia de uma enquete-experimento

Resumen: Este artículo utiliza un diseño experimental para poner a prueba los efectos de estereotipos de género sobre la evaluación de candidatos. Aleatoriamente, le solicitamos a 826 residentes de EE.UU. leer la descripción de un candidato ficticio: 391 participantes recibieron la descripción de una candidata, mientras 435 leyeron la misma descripción pero de un hombre. Nuestros resultados muestran que los participantes se mostraron más proclives a votar por la mujer, creer que ella comparte sus preocupaciones y creer que ella estaba más capacitada para manejar asuntos como la educación y salud que el hombre. También encontramos que la afinidad partidaria es consistentemente el predictor más importante de la evaluación de candidatos. Interesantemente, los efectos de los estereotipos de género se debilitan solo parcialmente cuando se incluye la variable afinidad partidaria en el análisis.

Abstract: In this article, we use an experimental design to test the effects of gender stereotypes on candidate evaluation. We randomly assign 826 U.S. residents the task of reading a description of a fictional candidate: 391 participants received the script of a female candidate, whereas 435 read the same script but of a male candidate. Our results show that respondents are more likely to vote for the woman, to believe that she shares their concerns and to see her as more competent to deal with education and health care issues than the man. We also find that party affinity is consistently the strongest predictor of candidate evaluation. Interestingly, the effects of gender stereotypes partially weaken when partisanship is controlled for.

Resumo: Este artigo utiliza um desenho experimental para colocar a prova os efeitos de estereótipos de género sobre a avaliação de candidatos. Aleatoriamente, solicitamos a 826 residentes dos EUA ler a descrição de um candidato fictício: 391 participantes receberam a descrição de uma candidata, enquanto 435 leram a mesma descrição só que de um homem. Nossos resultados mostram que os participantes se mostraram mais inclinados a votar pela mulher, acreditar que ela compartilha suas preocupações e acreditar que ela estava mais capacitada para atender assuntos como a educação e saúde que o homem. Também encontramos que a afinidade partidária é consistentemente o previsor mais importante da avaliação de candidatos. Interessantemente, os efeitos dos estereótipos de género se debilitam apenas parcialmente quando se inclui a variável afinidade partidária no análise.

Current progress in innovative engineered antibodies

As of May 1, 2017, 74 antibody-based molecules have been approved by a regulatory authority in a major market. Additionally, there are 70 and 575 antibody-based molecules in phase III and phase I/II clinical trials, respectively. These total 719 antibody-based clinical stage molecules include 493 naked IgGs, 87 antibody-drug conjugates, 61 bispecific antibodies, 37 total Fc fusion proteins, 17 radioimmunoglobulins, 13 antibody fragments, and 11 immunocytokines. New uses for these antibodies are being discovered each year. For oncology, many of the exciting new approaches involve antibody modulation of T-cells. There are over 80 antibodies in clinical trials targeting T cell checkpoints, 26 T-cell-redirected bispecific antibodies, and 145 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell-based candidates (all currently in phase I or II clinical trials), totaling more than 250 T cell interacting clinical stage antibody-based candidates. Finally, significant progress has been made recently on routes of delivery, including delivery of proteins across the blood-brain barrier, oral delivery to the gut, delivery to the cellular cytosol, and gene- and viral-based delivery of antibodies. Thus, there are currently at least 864 antibody-based clinical stage molecules or cells, with incredible diversity in how they are constructed and what activities they impart. These are followed by a next wave of novel molecules, approaches, and new methods and routes of delivery, demonstrating that the field of antibody-based biologics is very innovative and diverse in its approaches to fulfill their promise to treat unmet medical needs.

Effects of Support Activities for Indonesian Nurse Candidates on Japanese Nursing Students / 国際保健医療

Objective  The purpose of this study was to identify influence factors on Japanese Nursing Students (JNS) from learning support activities for Indonesian Nursing Candidates (INC).Method  The participants were JNS belonging to a support group for INC studying for the Japanese National Nursing Examination. The JNS were each questioned in semi-structured interviews. Responses were analyzed and divided into categories.Results  Students engaged in tutoring activities with a focus on nursing skills and knowledge for passing the National Nursing Examination in Japanese. They also attended recreation activities, which included day trips.  The effects on the JNS were classified into the following six categories:1) Learning the importance of cooperation; 2) Positive change in thoughts and attitude; 3) Increase in learning time; 4) Positive stimulation in progress of all aiming to be nurses; 5) Furthering interest in international matters; 6) Deepening of nursing philosophy.Conclusion  The results clearly identified that JNSs were positively influenced by interaction with INCs in thinking and attitude together with motivation to learn through cross-cultural activities while both aimed towards the same goals. Regular activity with culturally diverse INCs leads to JNSs being more interested in international matters and encourages a more comprehensive understanding of nursing philosophy.

Evaluation and Research on the Relevant System of Licensed Pharmacist Qualification Examination by Chinese Candidates / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the perfection of relevant system of licensed pharmacist qualification exami-nation in China. METHODS:Using the self-made network questionnaire,the survey was conducted among the candidates who par-ticipated in the National Licensed Pharmacist Qualification Examination in 2016 about their evaluation on relevant system of li-censed pharmacist qualification examination. The survey data was analyzed statistically so as to put forward suggestions. RE-SULTS:A total of 4209 questionnaires were collected,including 4205 valid questionnaires with effective rate of 99.90%. 41.90%of the interviewed candidates thought that the examination paper was a good reflection of"to determine the content of the examina-tion according to the need"principle;nearly half of them thought the paper content was reasonable;69.25% thought that the prac-tice of examination paper for the overall promotion of candidates'professional skills and practice level of performance were not sat-isfactory. 80.10% and 68.94% of the interviewed candidates thought that the outline and guidelines of the new national licensed pharmacist qualification examination could guide the preparation of examination. More than half of the interviewed candidates be-lieved that pharmaceutical services and practical experience should be added in examination outline. 49.51% of the candidates thought the persons majoring in pharmacy and TCM should be allowed to participate in this examination. 39.52% of the candidates thought that the requirements of education degree for applicants should be increase to college or bachelor degree or above. 57.18%of the respondents considered that the validity of qualified branch scores should be extended. CONCLUSIONS:The vast majority of the candidates give a high evaluation on the new version of the national licensed pharmacist qualification examination outline and guideline,while some people think that the outline of the examination,the form of examination and entry criteria and other aspects need to be improved. It is recommended that the state attach importance to the cultivation of pharmacy service personnel,raise the threshold of entry and examination,improve the quality of examination quality and improve the form of examination and focus on requirements according to the different areas of practice examination.

Combined systems of standard resident training program and master degree candidates in Chongqing:practice and discussions / 中华医院管理杂志

This paper introduced the approach and practice of merging the standardized resident training with the master degree candidates training in Chongqing.A comparison of the performance and pass rate of the completion examinations between the standardized training of specialist residents in 2014 and those of merged training for both residents and master degree candidates in 2015 in Chongqing,analyzed the patterns and differences of the two training programs.Based on such,the authors proposed to improve the combined training mechanism,by completing leadership and rules,enhancing quality control and completing the appraisal systems.

Evaluation of the Effects of Case Teaching Method on the Course of Drug Abuse and ADR Monitoring in Pharmacy Master Degree Candidates / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the teaching quality of the course of Drug Abuse and ADR Moni-toring in pharmacy master degree candidates. METHODS:In Pharmacy College of Jilin University,traditional teaching method was adopted among pharmacy master degree candidates of grade 2014(n=30,control group);case teaching method was adopted for the course of Drug Abuse and ADR Monitoring among those of grade 2015 (n=32,observation group). The teaching effects were evaluated by questionnaire and examination. RESULTS:Theoretical examination result and case analysis score as well as the rate of excellent case analysis score in observation group were all significantly higher than control group,with statistical signifi-cance (P<0.05). The satisfaction degree of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group in respects of teaching methods,arousing interest in classroom learning,establishing the awareness of safe and rational drug use,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For the course of Drug Abuse and ADR Monitoring in pharmacy master degree candi-dates,case teaching method improves students'exam results,stimulates students'interest and enthusiasm,promotes the establish-ment of students'safe and rational drug use consciousness and improves teaching quality.

Diversidade sexual e política eleitoral: Analisando as candidaturas de travestis e transexuais no Brasil contemporâneo / Diversidad sexual y política electoral: Análisis de las candidaturas de travestis y transexuales en el Brasil contemporáneo / Sexual diversity and electoral politics: Transgender candidates in Contemporary Brazil

Resumo Neste artigo, tenho por objetivo debater a participação de LGBT na política institucional brasileira, focando nas candidatas que se autoidentificam como travestis/transexuais. Primeiramente, faço revisão do debate acadêmico sobre representação política e representação descritiva. Utilizando dados quantitativos, investigo o perfil social destas candidatas (sexo, idade, escolaridade, ideologia política, performance eleitoral etc.) contrastando-as com candidatos LGB. Por fim, analiso qualitativamente o material de campanha (banners, websites/ blogs, perfis no Facebook/twitter, vídeos on-line) das candidaturas trans. Os dados quantitativos e qualitativos nos ajudaram a responder a algumas questões: a) quais são as semelhanças/diferenças entre os perfis sociais das candidatas trans e LGB?; b) as candidatas trans têm envolvimento prévio com o ativismo político LGBT ou estamos testemunhando novo tipo de engajamento na política sexual?; c) elas se utilizam da identidade travesti/transexual (e suas experiências de discriminação) como um tipo de capital político?; d) suas propostas políticas estão comprometidas com as demandas do ativismo LGBT?.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo debatir la participación de LGBT en la política institucional brasileña, focalizando en las candidatas que se autoidentifican como travestis/transexuales. En primer término, se hace una revisión del debate académico sobre representación política y representación descriptiva. Utilizando datos cuantitativos, se investiga el perfil social de dichas candidatas (sexo, edad, escolaridad, ideología política, performance electoral, etc.), contrastándolas con candidatos LGB. Luego, se analiza cualitativamente el material de campaña de las canditatas trans (banners, websites, blogs, perfiles de Facebook/Twitter, videos online). Los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos han contribuido a responder algunas cuestiones: a) ¿Cuáles son las semejanzas/diferencias entre los perfiles sociales de las candidatas trans y LGB? b) ¿Tienen las candidatas trans un involucramiento previo con el activismo político LGBT o estamos frente a un nuevo tipo de compromiso en la política sexual? c) ¿Se valen estas candidatas de la identidad travesti/transexual (y sus experiencias de discriminación) como un tipo de capital político? Y d), ¿sus propuestas políticas están comprometidas con las demandas del activismo LGBT?.

Abstract In this article, I discuss LGBT participation in Brazilian institutional politics, by focusing on candidates who identify as transgender. Firstly, I review the academic debate on political and descriptive representation. Using quantitative data, I investigate the social profile of those candidates (sex, age, education, political ideology, electoral performance, etc.), by contrasting them with LGB candidates. Finally, I conduct a qualitative analysis of electoral propaganda (banners, websites/blogs, Facebook/twitter pages, online videos) for transgender candidates. Both quantitative and qualitative data address the following questions: a) what are the similarities/differences between Transgender and LGB candidates' social profiles? b) are transgender candidates previously involved in LGBT activism or this is a new type of engagement in sexual politics? c) do they use their transgender identity (and their experiences of discrimination) as political capital)? d) do their political programs engage the demands of LGBT activism?.

Target protein candidates of hypothalamus in aging rats with intervention by Qiongyugao / 中国中药杂志

To explore the associated proteins of the hypothalamus in aging rat models with intervention by Qiongyugao(QYG) based on iTRAQ technology, find out the target protein candidates and investigate the mechanism of delaying aging for Qiongyugao. The results showed that Qiongyugao increased GSH-Px activity in serum and SOD activity in liver; the total protein count identified by iTRAQ was 3 522, FDR<1%. There were 20 kinds of differential proteins between the blank group and model group; there were 295 kinds of differential proteins between model group and QYG group, and 40 kinds of them had a difference multiple ≥1.30 (the maximum value was 1.47). Compared with blank group, there were 14 kinds of proteins that were down-regulated in model group and up-regulated in QYG group. Combined with literature search and gene function search, 12 kinds of target protein candidates were screened out ： ST18, Ptprc, PSMB8, INPP4B, Shc3, Pik3r1, PIP5K1C, Nampt, Rasgrp2, Asah2, Pdpk1, and Map2k7. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the hypothalamic inflammatory pathway was detected by Western blot and the results showed that its expression level in model group(0.96) was higher than that in control group(0.85), while its expression level in QYG group(0.89) was lower than that in model group. Q-PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression levels of PIP5K1C and Ptprc in model group were significantly lower than those in blank group(P<0.01); while compared with the model group, the mRNA expression levels of PIP5K1C and Ptprc in QYG group were significantly increased(P<0.01) . This result was consistent with proteomics data. QYG may delay aging by regulating hypothalamic inflammatory reaction.