Non-Invasive Study of Intracranial Pressure in Pre- and Post-Chemotherapy Patients for the Treatment of Breast Neoplasia

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type among women and brings to them significant organic changes. A new intracranial pressure monitorization method consists of an external system of sensors that detects micrometric deformations on the cranial bones and transmits, in real-time, electrical signals that are visualized on a monitor. Objective: To identify changes in intracranial pressure due to chemotherapy connections through non-invasive methodology. Methods: The present study was conducted at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia in the city of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil in 2017. The variables P2/P1 ratio (ICP morphological evaluation), laboratory parameters, comorbidities, and clinical aspects of the volunteers were evaluated. The vascular toxicity of chemotherapy often causes endothelial dysfunction, resulting in a loss of vasodilation effects and suppresses anti-inflammatory and vascular repair functions. Results: The values of the P2/P1 ratio before and after chemotherapy were also compared between groups. A statistically significant difference was observed in the pre chemotherapy P2/P1 values compared to the post-chemotherapy values. Conclusion: Variations in ICP may occur in cancer patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate if this change may contribute to the chemotherapy side effects occurrence.

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF SPHERE-LIKE ZINC COBALTITE FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

The electrochemical performance of zinc cobaltite–based nano/micromaterial depends on its shape and morphology. Here we report on the electrochemical performance of zinc cobaltite (ZnCo O ) material synthesized via a facile 2 4 hydrothermal method. The synthesized material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It was found to be a single-phase zinc cobaltite material with a cubic spinel crystal structure. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized zinc cobaltite microstructure material was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, cyclic chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance -1 -1 spectroscopy. The zinc cobaltite microspheres material displayed a high specific capacitance of 600.37 F g at a current density of 1 A g . Such electrochemical performance may qualify the zinc cobaltite microspheres material as a potential electroactive material in supercapacitors.

Accuracy of mini-fluid challenge test in predicting fluid responsiveness in elderly patients undergoing surgery in prone position / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of mini-fluid challenge test in predicting fluid responsiveness in elderly patients undergoing surgery in prone position.Methods:Forty-eight elderly patients, aged ≥ 65 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective spinal surgery, were enrolled.Patients were mechanically ventilated using a volume-controlled mode with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg of ideal body weight during operation.A radial arterial catheter was inserted and connected to FloTrac/Vigileo system to monitor hemodynamic parameters.At 5 min after prone position, volume expansion was started when the hemodynamics was stable: lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/kg was intravenously infused over 1 min, 1 min later lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/kg was intravenously infused over 1 min, 1 min later lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/kg was intravenously infused over 1 min, and 1 min later operation was started.After tracheal intubation and before prone position (T 1), 5 min of prone position (T 2), 1 min after 1st infusion of 1 ml/kg liquid (T 3), and 1 min after 2nd infusion of 1 ml/kg liquid (T 4) and 1 min after infusion of 3 ml/kg fluid (T 5), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke volume index (SVI), stroke volume variability (SVV), pulse pressure variability (PPV), and changes in SVI induced by rapid infusion of 1, 2 and 5 ml/kg crystalloid (ΔSVI 1 ml/kg, ΔSVI 2 ml/kg, ΔSVI 5 ml/kg) were calculated.Positive fluid challenges were defined as an increase in SVI of 10% or more from baseline, and the patients were divided into responder group (R) and non-responder group (NR). Receiver operating characteristic curves predicting fluid responsiveness were generated for ΔSVI 1 ml/kg, ΔSVI 2 ml/kg, SVV and PPV, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated. Results:Thirty patients were enrolled in group R and 18 cases in group NR.The AUC of ΔSVI 1 ml/kg in predicting fluid volume responsiveness was 0.87 with a diagnostic threshold of 7%, a sensitivity of 80%, and a specificity of 83%.The AUC of ΔSVI 2 ml/kg in predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.928 with a diagnostic threshold of 8%, a sensitivity of 78%, and a specificity of 89%.The AUC of SVV and PPV in predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.65 and 0.53, respectively. Conclusion:Mini-fluid challenge test guided by ΔSVI can predict fluid responsiveness in elderly patients undergoing surgery in prone position, and rapid infusion of 2 ml/kg crystalloid provides better accuracy than 1 ml/kg.

Study on the temperature characteristics of fast capacitance in patch clamp experiments / 生物医学工程学杂志

Patch clamp is a technique that can measure weak current in the level of picoampere (pA). It has been widely used for cellular electrophysiological recording in fundamental medical researches, such as membrane potential and ion channel currents recording, etc. In order to obtain accurate measurement results, both the resistance and capacitance of the pipette are required to be compensated. Capacitance compensations are composed of slow and fast capacitance compensation. The slow compensation is determined by the lipid bilayer of cell membrane, and its magnitude usually ranges from a few picofarads (pF) to a few microfarads (μF), depending on the cell size. The fast capacitance is formed by the distributed capacitance of the glass pipette, wires and solution, mostly ranging in a few picofarads. After the pipette sucks the cells in the solution, the positions of the glass pipette and wire have been determined, and only taking once compensation for slow and fast capacitance will meet the recording requirements. However, when the study needs to deal with the temperature characteristics, it is still necessary to make a recognition on the temperature characteristic of the capacitance. We found that the time constant of fast capacitance discharge changed with increasing temperature of bath solution when we studied the photothermal effect on cell membrane by patch clamp. Based on this phenomenon, we proposed an equivalent circuit to calculate the temperature-dependent parameters. Experimental results showed that the fast capacitance increased in a positive rate of 0.04 pF/℃, while the pipette resistance decreased. The fine data analysis demonstrated that the temperature rises of bath solution determined the kinetics of the fast capacitance mainly by changing the inner solution resistance of the glass pipette. This result will provide a good reference for the fine temperature characteristic study related to cellular electrophysiology based on patch clamp technique.

Accuracy of different parameters in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients with myocardial depression: a comparison between inferior vena cava ultrasound, PiCCO and CVP / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the accuracy of inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasound,central venous pressure (CVP) and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients with myocardial depression.Methods Fifty patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial depression,aged ＞ 18 yr,were enrolled in the study.The method for fluid replacement test was as follows:0.9％ sodium chloride injectionor lactated Ringer's solution 500 ml was intravenously infused over 20 min,and positive fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in PiCCO-monitored CO＞ 10％ after fluid replacement.Patients were divided into positive fluid responsiveness group and negative fluid responsiveness group according to the fluid replacement test.PiCCO was used to monitor stroke volume (SV),stroke volume variation (SVV) and pulse pressure variability (PPV) before fluid replacement,CVP was measured,and the diameter of IVC (d-IVC) and variability of IVC (v-IVC) were measured by bedside ultrasound.The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the accuracy of each index in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results Compared with negative fluid responsiveness group,d-IVC was significantly decreased and v-IVC,SVV and PPV were increased before fluid replacement in positive fluid responsiveness group (P＜0.01).Three point five mmHg,14.5 mm,16.5％,17.0％ and 11.5％ were selected as the cutoff value for CVP,d-IVC,v-IVC,SVV and PPV,respectively.The sensitivity of CVP,d-IVC,v-IVC,SVV and PPV in predicting fluid responsiveness was 100％,92％,80％,44％ and 68％,respectively,and the specificity was 28％,80％,72％,100％ and 72％,respectively,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95％ confidence interval) was 0.609 (0.450-0.768),0.862 (0.750-0.974),0.777 (0.642-0.911),0.734 (0.596-0.873) and 0.733 (0.594-0.872),respectively.Conclusion PiCCO and IVC ultrasound provide higher accuracy in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients with myocardial depression,and IVC ultrasound is more superior because of non-invasive examination.

Accuracy of respiratory variation of different vein diameters in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of trans-xiphoid inferior vena cava diameter variation (v-IVCTX),trans-liver inferior vena cava diameter variation (v-IVCTL),internal jugular vein diameter variation (v-IJV) and femoral vein diameter variation (v-FV) in predicting the fluid responsiveness in the patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial injury.Methods Fifty patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial depression admitted to intensive care unit of our hospital,aged ≥ 18 yr,were selected.The hemodynamics was monitored by PiCCO.Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume were measured,and v-IVCTx,v-IVCTL,v-IJV and v-FV were measured by ultrasound and then calculated.Fluid replacement test was performed after meeting the standard of fluid resuscitation,and positive fluid responsiveness was defined as increase in CO after volume expansion＞ 10％.Patients were divided into positive fluid responsiveness group and negative fluid responsiveness group.The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the accuracy of the respiratory variation of each vein diameter in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results Compared with negative fluid responsiveness group,v-IVCTx,v-IVCTL and v-IJV were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in v-FV,CO or stroke volume in positive fluid responsiveness group (P＞0.05).The cutoff value of v-IVCTx,v-IVCTLand v-IJV in predicting fluid responsiveness was 16.5％,14.5％ and 12％,respectively,the sensitivity was 80％,76％ and 84％,respectively,and the specificity was 72％,64％ and 44％,respectively.The area under the curve (95％ confidence interval) of v-IVCTx,v-IVCTL and v-IJV was 0.777 (0.642-0.911),0.741 (0.605-0.876),and 0.694 (0.549-0.838),respectively.Conclusion v-IVCTx and v-IVCTL both can predict the fluid responsiveness in the patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial injury.

Accuracy of respiratory variation of different vein diameters in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the accuracy of trans-xiphoid inferior vena cava diameter variation (v-IVCTX), trans-liver inferior vena cava diameter variation (v-IVCTL), internal jugular vein diameter variation (v-IJV) and femoral vein diameter variation (v-FV) in predicting the fluid responsiveness in the patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial injury.@*Methods@#Fifty patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial depression admitted to intensive care unit of our hospital, aged ≥18 yr, were selected.The hemodynamics was monitored by PiCCO.Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume were measured, and v-IVCTX, v-IVCTL, v-IJV and v-FV were measured by ultrasound and then calculated.Fluid replacement test was performed after meeting the standard of fluid resuscitation, and positive fluid responsiveness was defined as increase in CO after volume expansion>10%.Patients were divided into positive fluid responsiveness group and negative fluid responsiveness group.The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the accuracy of the respiratory variation of each vein diameter in predicting fluid responsiveness.@*Results@#Compared with negative fluid responsiveness group, v-IVCTX, v-IVCTL and v-IJV were significantly increased (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in v-FV, CO or stroke volume in positive fluid responsiveness group (P>0.05). The cutoff value of v-IVCTX, v-IVCTL and v-IJV in predicting fluid responsiveness was 16.5%, 14.5% and 12%, respectively, the sensitivity was 80%, 76% and 84%, respectively, and the specificity was 72%, 64% and 44%, respectively.The area under the curve (95% confidence interval) of v-IVCTX, v-IVCTL and v-IJV was 0.777 (0.642-0.911), 0.741 (0.605-0.876), and 0.694 (0.549-0.838), respectively.@*Conclusion@#v-IVCTX and v-IVCTL both can predict the fluid responsiveness in the patients with septic shock complicated with myocardial injury.

Accuracy of different indicators in predicting volume responsiveness in septic shock patients with myocardial depression: a comparison between lung ultrasound and PiCCO / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the accuracy of the lung ultrasound and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) in predicting volume responsiveness in septic shock patients with myocardial suppression.Methods Fifty patients of both sexes with septic shock complicated with myocardial depression,aged ≥ 18 yr,were enrolled in the study.The method for fluid replacement test was as follows:0.9％ sodium chloride injection or lactated Ringer's solution 500 ml was rapidly infused intravenously.PiCCO was used to monitor cardiac output,stroke volume,extravascular lung water index (EVLWI),pulmonary vascular penetration index (PVPI),intra-thoracic blood volume index and global end-diastolic volume index.The chest wall was scanned by ultrasound and the lung ultrasound score (LUS) was assessed.Positive fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in PiCCO-monitored cardiac output＞ 10％ after fluid replacement.Patients were divided into positive fluid responsiveness group and negative fluid responsiveness group according to the results of fluid resuscitation test.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the accuracy of each index in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results Compared with negative fluid responsiveness group,EVLWI,PVPI and LUS were significantly decreased,the number of patients in whom the bilateral anterior chest wall presented as B-line was increased in positive fluid responsiveness group (P＜0.01).The area under the ROC curve and 95％ confidence interval of LUS in predicting volume responsiveness was 0.836 (0.720-0.952),the cutoff value was 14.5 points,sensitivity 88％,and specificity 72％.The area under the ROC curve and 95％ confidence interval of EVLWI in predicting volume responsiveness was 0.818 (0.701-0.936),the cutoff value was 9.6 ml/kg,sensitivity 84％,and specificity 72％.The area under the ROC curve and 95％ confidence interval of PVPI in predicting volume responsiveness was 0.720 (0.575-0.865),the cutoff value was 1.55,sensitivity 92％,and specificity 52％.Conclusion The lung ultrasound and PiCCO produce higher accuracy in predicting volume responsiveness in septic shock patients with myocardial suppression;LUS has more advantages due to non-invasive examination.

Monitoring osseointegrated prosthesis loosening and fracture using electrical capacitance tomography

A noncontact, noninvasive, electrical permittivity imaging technique is proposed for monitoring loosening of osseointegrated prostheses and bone fracture. The proposed method utilizes electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), which employs a set of noncontact electrodes, arranged in a circular fashion around the imaging area, for electrical excitations and measurements. An inverse reconstruction algorithm was developed and implemented to reconstruct the electrical permittivity distribution of the interrogated region from boundary capacitance measurements. In this study, osseointegrated prosthesis phantoms were prepared using plastic rods and Sawbone femur specimens, which were subjected to prosthesis loosening and fracture monitoring tests. The results demonstrated that the spatial location and extent of prosthesis loosening and bone fracture could be estimated from the ECT reconstructed permittivity maps. The resolution of the reconstructed images was further enhanced by a limited region tomography algorithm, and its accuracy in terms of identifying the severity, location, and shape of bone fracture was also investigated and compared with conventional full region tomography.

Accuracy of changing rate of left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic patients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of changing rate of the left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (△VTI) in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic patients.Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock and received mechanical ventilation,aged more than or equal to 18 yr,in whom the ventilation mode was SIMV plus VC,were enrolled in this study.The left ventricular outflow tract VTI,stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were measured using ultrasound.Sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose injection 100 ml was intravenously infused over 1 min,ultrasound measurement was completed within 1 min,and then Sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose injection 400 ml was intravenously infused over 14 min.Fluid responsiveness was defined as increase in SV or CO more than 15％ after infusion of 500 ml colloid solution,and then the patients were divided into responsiveness group and non-responsiveness group.△VTI,△SV and △CO were calculated after fluid replacement with 100 ml solution.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the accuracy of △VTI,△SV and △CO in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of △VTI,△SV and △CO were 0.95,0.91 and 0.88,respectively.When △ VTI ≥ 10％ was used as the cut-off point,the sensitivity and specificity of △VTI in predicting fluid responsiveness was 90％ and 80％,respectively.Conclusion △VTI can accurately predict the fluid responsiveness in septic patients.

Comparison of internal jugular vein diameter and brachial artery peak velocity variation in predicting fluid responsiveness / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare internal jugular vein diameter and brachial artery peak velocity variation (VVp) in predicting fluid responsiveness.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,of New York Heart Association I,aged 18-64 yr,scheduled for elective gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia,were included in this study.Six percent hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.47 ml/kg was infused at a rate of 0.4 ml · kg-1 · min-1 after induction of anesthesia.The patients with the changing rate of stroke volume variation (ASVV) more than or equal to 15％ were included in responsiveness group and patients with ASVV less than 15％ were included in non-responsiveness group after volume expansion.Immediately after volume expansion and at 3 min after volume expansion,mean arterial pressure,central venous pressure and heart rate were recorded,the maximum diameter of the internal jugular vein at the end of inspiration (IJVmax) and the minimum diameter of the internal jugular vein at end of expiration (IJVmin) and brachial artery peak velocity were measured using an ultrasonic instrument,and the variation of internal jugular vein respiration (VIJV) and VVp were calculated.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of IJV IJVmin,VIJV and VVp in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results There were 31 patients in responsiveness group and 29 patients in non-responsiveness group.Compared with non-responsiveness group,mean arterial pressure,central venous pressure,IJVmax and IJVmin were significantly decreased and heart rate,VIJV and VVp were increased immediately after volume expansion in responsiveness group (P＜0.05).The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of IJV IJVmin,VIJV and VVp were 0.753,0.948,0.837 and 0.832,respectively.AUC IJVmax,AUCVIJV and AUCVVp were significantly decreased when compared with AUC IJVmin (P＜0.05).Conclusion The accuracy of IJVmax is higher than that of VVp in predicting intraoperative fluid responsiveness in the patients.

Accuracy of variation of end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of variation of the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (△PETCO2) in predicting the fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor.Methods Forty-six patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,with body mass index of 20-24 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,undergoing elective resection of gastrointestinal tumor with general anesthesia,were enrolled in the study.When the change in mean arterial pressure was less than 10％ within 5 min after anesthesia induction,250 ml Ringer's solution was rapidly infused over 10 min via the peripheral vein.Increase in cardiac index after volume expansion ≥ 15％ was considered to be a positive response.The receiver operating characteristic curve for △PETCO2 in determining fluid responsiveness was drawn.Results The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for △PETCO2 in determining fluid responsiveness (95％ confidence interval) was 0.826 (0.730-0.942,P＜0.05),the critical value 21.9％,sensitivity 76.5％,specificity 90.9％.Conclusion △PETCO2 can accurately predict the fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing resection of gastrointestinal tumor.

Design and implementation of infusion monitoring system based on improved capacitance detection method / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a high-performance, reliable and practical wireless infusion monitoring system to realize automated infusion monitoring.Methods The system was composed of an infusion monitor,an intelligent gateway and a host computer, which used AD7746 chip to monitor the electric capacity, I2C serial bus for capacity-related data readback, CC2530 SCM for difference calculation and infusion state determination, and ZigBee technology to execute wireless data transmission at real time.Results The system carried out multi-node monitoring on volume and velocity at real time,and the acquired data were accurate and reliable.Conclusion The system gains advantages over the traditional ways in practicability and reliability when used for infusion monitoring.

Research Progress of External Defibrillation Technique and Its Application / 中国医疗器械杂志

Defibrillator is an important first aid equipment with people attach importance to life and health in today, people pay more attention to the development of defibrillator. This paper reviews the development history of the defibrillator, gives a brief introduction to the structure and working principle of the defibrillator, and then analyzes the key technology of defibrillator, compares the mainstream products on the market and prospects the development trend of defibrillator.

Response of okra based on electrophysiological modeling under salt stress and re-watering / Resposta do okra com base em modelagem eletrofisiológica sob stress de sal e re-watering

In this study, two okra cultivars, Chinese green and Chinese red were used to assess the water status and growth parameters subjected to salt stress by adding NaCl and CaCl2 with same proportion in Hoagland culture solution at levels of 0%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.8% and re-watering at levels of 0.6-0%, 1.2-0.6%, 1.8-1.2%. The measured water potential and physiological capacitance values were used to calculate leaf tensity. Salt stress significantly reduced growth and water status parameters. Chinese green showed more reduction as compared to Chinese red but at 1.8% salt stress reduction of both cultivars were almost same. Re-watering had given a positive response for both cultivars to recover from higher salt stress. Dry weight, physiological capacitance, leaf tensity and salts concentration levels models gave predicting re-watering levels in percentage, also gave values of dilute irrigation point for Chinese red 9.05 or 10.00 ds m-1 and Chinese green 6.67 or 5.66 ds m-1. At resulted dilution points, plants of both cultivars were under high salt stress, which emphasized the need to re-water or dilution of salts for the survival of plants. The most effective predicting re-watering level and dilute irrigation point of both cultivars were found in same regime, so these models findings were very credible and meaningful. Higher dilute irrigation value of Chinese red indicates its more tolerance ability than Chinese green. Model's equations also gave direct irrigation point of Chinese red 1.32 or 1.62 ds m-1 and Chinese green 2.07 or 0.38 ds m- 1. It was concluded that predicting re-watering levels, dilute and direct irrigation point help to get maximum production using saline water resources.

Neste estudo, foram utilizados dois cultivares de quiabo, verde chinês e vermelho chinês para avaliar o estado da água e parâmetros de crescimento submetidos a estresse salino, adicionando NaCl e CaCl2 com a mesma proporção em solução de cultura de Hoagland a níveis de 0%, 0,6%, 1,2% , 1,8% e re-irrigação a níveis de 0,6-0%, 1,2-0,6%, 1,8-1,2%. O potencial de água medido e os valores de capacitância fisiológica foram utilizados para calcular a tensão das folhas. O estresse com sal reduziu significativamente os parâmetros de crescimento e de estado da água. O verde chinês mostrou mais redução em comparação ao vermelho chinês, mas em 1,8% a redução do estresse salino de ambas as cultivares foi quase a mesma. Re-rega tinha dado uma resposta positiva para ambas as cultivares para recuperar de maior sal estresse. Os valores de peso seco, capacitância fisiológica, tensão da folha e níveis de concentração de sais mostraram predizer níveis de irrigação em porcentagem, também apresentaram valores de ponto de irrigação diluído para vermelho chinês 9,05 ou 10,00 ds m-1 e verde chinês 6,67 ou 5,66 ds m-1. Nos pontos de diluição resultantes, as plantas de ambas as cultivares estavam sob alto estresse salino, o que enfatizou a necessidade de re-água ou diluição de sais para a sobrevivência das plantas. O nível de irrigação mais eficiente e o ponto de irrigação diluído de ambas as cultivares foram encontrados no mesmo regime, portanto, esses resultados foram muito confiáveis e significativos. Maior valor de irrigação diluída de vermelho chinês indica a sua capacidade de tolerância mais do que verde chinês. As equações do modelo também deram ponto de irrigação direta de vermelho chinês 1,32 ou 1,62 ds m-1 e verde chinês 2,07 ou 0,38 ds m-1. Concluiu-se que a previsão dos níveis de rega, o ponto de irrigação diluído e direto ajudam a obter a máxima produção usando recursos hídricos salinos.

Accuracy of respirophasic variation in carotid artery blood flow peak velocity in predicting fluid re-sponsiveness in patients undergoing surgery in prone position / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of respirophasic variation in carotid artery blood flow peak velocity(ΔVpeak-CA)in predicting fluid responsiveness in the patients undergoing surgery in the prone position. Methods Forty-three American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ pa-tients of both sexes, aged 45-75 yr, with body mass index of 20-25 kg∕m2, scheduled for elective posteri-or approach lumbar surgery, were enrolled in the study.After induction of anesthesia, hydroxyethyl starch 130∕0.4 sodium chloride injection 7 ml∕kg was intravenously infused over 20 min when the patients were in the prone position.Subjects were classified as responders if stroke volume index increased≥15% after vol-ume expansion.The receiver operating characteristic curve for ΔVpeak-CA in determining positive fluid re-sponsiveness was drawn. Results The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that: the cut-off value of ΔVpeak-CA in predicting positive fluid responsiveness was 7.94%, sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 70.0%, and the area under the curve(95% confidence interval)was 0.818 (0.378-0.757). Conclusion Respirophasic ΔVpeak-CA can accurately predict fluid responsiveness in the patients undergoing surgery in the prone position.

Accuracy of different methods in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic patients: a comparison between ultrasound, PiCCO and traditional methods / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the accuracy of ultrasound,pulse indicator continuous cardiac output monitoring (PiCCO) and traditional methods in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic patients.Methods Forty-six septic patients of both sexes,aged 18-72 yr,requiring mechanical ventilation treatment in the intensive care unit,were enrolled in the study.Venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations by chemiluminescence assay,and central venous pressure (CVP) was recorded.Stroke volume variation (SVVTTE),distensibility index of inferior vena cava (dIVC) and velocity time integral changes of aortic blood flow (△VTI) were measured by ultrasound method.SVVPiCCO and global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) were measured by PiCCO method.The patients were divided into negative fluid responsiveness group and positive fluid responsiveness group according to the fluid responsiveness after volume expansion.The receiver operating characteristic curves of the parameters mentioned above in predicting fluid responsiveness were drawn.A consistency check for dIVC,△VTI and SVVPiCCO thresholds was conducted by using Kappa statistics.The agreement between SVVTTEand SVVPiCCO was analyzed by the Bland-Altman analysis.Results There were 24 patients in positive fluid responsiveness group and 22 patients in negative fluid responsiveness group.Compared with negative fluid responsiveness group,the plasma BNP concentration,CVP and GEDVI were significantly decreased,and SVVPiCCO,SVVTTE,dIVC and △VTI were increased before volume expansion in positive fluid responsiveness group (P＜0.05).The area under the curve (95％ confidence interval),sensitivity and specificity of the plasma BNP concentration were 0.894 (0.807-0.981),81.8％ and 79.2％,respectively,of CVP 0.859 (0.752-0.965),81.8％ and 79.2％,respectively,of GEDVI 0.772 (0.628-0.915),72.7％ and 75.0％,respectively,of SVVPiCCO 0.965 (0.922-1.008),95.8％ and 81.8％,respectively,of SVVTTE 0.940 (0.874--1.006),91.7％ and 86.4％,respectively,of dIVC 0.964 (0.920-1.008),83.3％ and 95.5％,respectively,and of △VTI 0.958 (0.909-1.008),87.5％ and 90.9％,respectively.The Kappa value for dIVC threshold and SVVPiCCO threshold was 0.826,and for △VTI threshold and SVVPiCCO threshold was 0.743 (P＜0.01).The mean deviation of SVVTTE and SVVPiCCO was 0.209,95％ confidence interval (-2.967-3.385)％,and the limit of agreement (-2.46-2.62)％ (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound and PiCCO methods can accurately predict fluid responsiveness,have a good agreement and are superior to the traditional method in septic patients.

Effect of fluid management guided by stroke volume variation on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of fluid management guided by stroke volume variation (SVV) on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation.Methods Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 51-78 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,undergoing elective double-lung transplantation,were randomized into 2 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:SVV group and central venous pressure (CVP) group.SVV was maintained at 8％-13％ in groupSVV,and CVP at 8-12 cmH2O in group CVP.Mean arterial pressure,heart rate,CVP,cardiae output,pulmonary arterial pressure,SVV and systemic vascular resistance index were recorded at 30 min after anesthesia induction (T0),30 min of one-lung ventilation on one side (T1),30 min after pulmonary artery occlusion (T2),30 min after pulmonary artery unclamping (T3),30 min of one-lung ventilation on the eontralateral side (T4),30 min after pulmonary artery occlusion (T5),30 min after pulmonary artery unelamping (T6) and closing the chest (T7).The amount of vasoactive drugs consumed and net volume of fluid infused during each period were recorded.The oxygenation index and blood lactic acid concentrations were measured at each time point and 2 h following admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (T8).The extubation time and length of ICU stay were recorded,and the occurrence of complications was observed.Results Compared with group CVP,CVP at T2,3,5-6 and SVV at T7 were significantly increased,CVP at T7,pulmonary arterial pressure at T2,5,SVV at T2,3,5-6 and systemic vascular resistance index at T2-6 were decreased,the net volume of fluid infused during both pulmonary artery occlusion periods was increased,the net volume of fluid infused was reduced during the pulmonary artery unclamping periods,the consumption of norepinephrine was decreased,oxygenation index was increased at T3-4,6,8,blood lactic acid concentrations were decreased at T2-6,8,and the extubation time and length of ICU stay were shortened in group SVV (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion SVV-guided fluid management can promote postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation.

Rapid cryopreservation for Siraitia grosvenorii cells based on cells' capacitance detection / 生物工程学报

A rapid quantitative evaluation method for Siraitia grosvenorii cells was successfully developed based on plant cells' capacitance value detected by a viable cell mass monitor and the cryopreservation of S. grosvenorii suspension cells was optimized. The survival rate of S. grosvenorii cells was quantitatively measured by viable cell mass monitor and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). An optimum cryoprotectant recipe is that the growth medium contained 10% sucrose and 10% DMSO. The experimental results also showed higher cell survival rates and cell viabilities were achieved when suspension cells were treated with pretreatment of 0.2 mol/L sucrose. With the increase of concentration of sucrose, however, the cell survival rate was decreased. And the cell survival rate represented a bell shape with the increase of pretreatment time. The highest cell survival rate and cell viability were obtained with the 9 h' s pretreatment. In addition, there was a good correlation between the cell survival rate measured by cell recovery test and that measured by viable cell mass monitor, while there were no significant differences in the cell morphology and the ability of mogrosides V production by S. grosvenorii cells cultured in suspension after cryopreservation. Therefore, the evaluation method developed based on the viable cell mass monitor has good feasibility and reliability.

Condutância vascular aumentada em indivíduos fisicamente ativos filhos de hipertensos / Vascular conductance increased in physically active children of hypertensive individuals

Objetivou-se testar a hipótese de que a prática regular de exercício físico melhora a função vascular de filhos de hipertensos em repouso. Foram avaliados 13 indivíduos fisicamente ativos filhos de hipertensos (FHA) e 22 indivíduos sedentários filhos de hipertensos (FHS), pareados por idade (22,5±2,9 vs. 23,8±2,7 anos, p=0,18) e IMC (23,8±1,9 vs. 23,0±3,0 kg/m², p=0,45). Foram registrados, simultaneamente, a frequência cardíaca, a pressão arterial, minuto a minuto (método oscilométrico ­ DIXTAL 2022®) e o fluxo sanguíneo do antebraço (pletismografia de oclusão venosa ­ Hokanson®), continuamente, durante 3 minutos em repouso. A função vascular foi avaliada por meio da condutância vascular do antebraço, calculada pela divisão do fluxo sanguíneo do antebraço pela pressão arterial média e multiplicada por 100. Foi adotado significância de p≤0,05. Como resultados, em condições basais, os grupos FHA e FHS foram semelhantes para pressão arterial sistólica (124 ± 9 vs. 121 ± 11 mmHg, p=0,42), diastólica (64 ± 5 vs. 64 ± 5 mmHg, p=0,94), média (84 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 7 mmHg, p=0,71) e fluxo sanguíneo do antebraço (3,6 ± 1,1 vs. 2,9 ± 0,9 ml/min/100ml, p=0,06). Mas, o grupo FHA apresentou menor valor de frequência cardíaca de repouso (61 ± 7 vs. 70 ± 8 bpm, p<0,01) e maior condutância vascular do antebraço (4,3 ± 1,3 vs. 3,4 ± 1,0 unidades, p=0,05). Conclui-se que indivíduos fisicamente ativos filhos de hipertensos apresentam melhor função vascular em situação de repouso.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that regular physical exercise practice improves vascular function at rest of hypertensive parents' offspring. We evaluated 13 physically active offspring of hypertensive (FHA) parents and 22 sedentary offspring of hypertensive (FHS), matched by age (22.5 ± 2.9 vs. 23.8 ± 2.7 years, p=0.18) and BMI (23.8 ± 1.9 vs. 23.0 ± 3.0 kg/m², p=0.45). Heart rate, minute by minute, blood pressure (oscillometric method - DIXTAL 2022®), and forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography - Hokanson®) were continuously recorded for 3 minutes at rest. Vascular function was assessed by forearm vascular conductance, which was calculated by the division of forearm blood flow by mean arterial pressure, multiplied by 100. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. At rest condition, the groups were similar for systolic (124 ± 9 vs. 121 ± 11 mmHg, p=0.42), diastolic (64 ± 5 vs. 64 ± 5 mmHg, p=0.94), mean blood pressure (84 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 7 mmHg, p=0.71) and forearm blood flow (3.6 ± 1.1 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9 ml/min/100ml, p=0.06). On the other hand, FHA group showed lower resting heart rate (61 ± 7 vs. 70 ± 8 bpm, p<0,01) and higher forearm vascular conductance (4.3 ± 1.3 vs. 3.4 ± 10 units, p=0.05) than FHS group. We concluded that physically active offspring of hypertensive parents presents improved vascular function at rest in comparison with sedentary ones.