Isquemia inducida por fluoropirimidinas en un paciente con cáncer de esófago y enfermedad coronaria / Fluoropyrimidine-induced ischemia in a patient with oesophageal cancer

Resumen Los grandes avances terapéuticos de las últimas décadas han prolongado la sobrevida de muchos pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, esta mejoría se ha logrado a expensas de un aumento en las complicaciones cardiovasculares secundarias a la quimioterapia y a la radioterapia. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con cáncer esofágico que manifiesta angina inestable como complicación de su enfermedad coronaria multivaso tras iniciar la quimioterapia (capecitabina/oxaliplatino/epirubicina), se discuten los posibles mecanismos que subyacen al evento y se subraya la necesidad de individualizar la estratificación de riesgo previa a la quimioterapia.

Abstract The great therapeutic advances of the last decades have prolonged the survival of many cancer patients. However, these advances have been made at the expense of an increase in cardiovascular complications secondary to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. It is presented a patient with oesophageal cancer who manifests unstable angina as a complication of multivessel coronary artery disease after starting chemotherapy with capecitabine/oxaliplatin/epirubicin, discussing the possible mechanisms underlying the event and emphasizing the need to personalize the risk stratification before chemotherapy.

Diabetes posterior a tratamiento no quirúrgico de un insulinoma maligno: reporte de caso y revisión literatura / Diabetes after non-surgical treatment of a malignant insulinoma: Case report and literature review

Resumen Los tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos (TNEsP) son un grupo poco frecuente de neoplasias, pueden ser funcionales y causan síndromes clínicos diversos, o no funcionales, con síntomas secundarios a invasión a estructuras cercanas o enfermedad metastásica (1). Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 55 años con insulinoma maligno con compromiso metastásico extenso, no candidata a intervención quirúrgica, hipoglucemia de difícil manejo sin respuesta a tratamiento con diazóxido y prednisolona, y que requirió manejo con quimioterapia y embolización de metástasis hepáticas, con posterior mejoría clínica, estabilidad de la enfermedad por imágenes diagnósticas y retiro de medicamentos para manejo de hipoglucemia. En seguimiento presenta síntomas de hiperglucemia con HbA1c en 12%, con lo cual se diagnosticó diabetes mellitus de novo y se inició manejo con insulina.

Abstract Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (TNEP) are a rare group of neoplasms, which can secrete peptide hormones causing various clinical syndromes, or be non-secretory, with symptoms secondary to invasion of neighboring or distant structures (1). The case of a 55-year-old patient with malignant insulinoma with extensive metastatic involvement, not operable, with persistent hypoglycemia refractory to treatment with diazoxide and prednisolone, who received management with chemotherapy and embolization of liver metastases, achieving the withdrawal of medications for the management of hypoglycemia and a tumor response of stable disease in the comparison of images during the 12-month follow-up. During the 15th cycle of chemotherapy, he presented symptoms of hyperglycemia with HbA1c in 12%, with which diabetes de novo mellitus was diagnosed and insulin management was initiated.

Eritrodisestesia o síndrome mano pie. Presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Erythrodysesthesia or foot hand syndrome Presentation of two cases and review of the literature

La eritrodisestesia, o síndrome mano pie, es una reacción adversa relacionada con algunos agentes quimioterápicos. Se caracteriza por comenzar con un pródromo de disestesia palmo-plantar y, entre 2 a 4 días, la sensación progresa a un dolor quemante con edema y eritema en placas bien delimitadas y simétricas. Los quimioterápicos que se asocian con más frecuencia son la doxorrubicina, 5-fluorouracilo, capecitabina, citarabina y docetaxel. Es más frecuente y severo en mujeres, pacientes de edad avanzada o con compromiso vascular periférico. Se presentan dos pacientes de sexo femenino. La primera con cáncer de ovario en tratamiento con doxorrubicina liposomal que presentó eritrodisestesia luego del quinto ciclo de quimioterapia. La segunda paciente con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama que recibió tratamiento con capecitabina presentando síntomas luego del segundo ciclo de quimioterapia. El interés de la presentación es la consulta a dermatología por un síndrome que constituye un efecto adverso que potencialmente limita el uso de determinados antineoplásicos. Sin embargo, educando al paciente, con intervenciones farmacológicas y ajuste de dosis, es posible aliviar los síntomas continuando una terapéutica efectiva (AU)

Erythrodysesthesia, or hand foot syndrome, is a side effect related to some chemotherapeutic agents. It is characterized by a prodrome of palmoplantar dysesthesia followed by burning pain with edema and erythema on well-defined and symmetrical plaques, 2-4 days later. Doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cytarabine and docetaxel are the most frequently associated chemotherapy drugs. Women, elderly or peripheral vascular compromise patients are more frequent and severe affected. Two female patients are reported. The first patient with ovarian cancer in treatement with liposomal doxorrubicin developed erythrodysesthesia after the fifth cycle of chemotherapy. Meanwhile the second patient diagnosed with breast cancer in treatment with capecitabine developed it after the second cycle of chemotherapy. The interest of this report is the dermatological consultation about a side effect syndrome which potentially limits the prescription of certain antineoplastic drugs. However, patients can continue specific treatment by indicating dose adjustment and prescribing medicine to relieve the symptoms (AU)

Estudo de fase II de substituição do 5-FU por capecitabina no esquema de quimio-radioterapia em pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas do canal anal / Phase II study of capecitabine in substitution of 5-FU in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal

Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) do canal anal é uma neoplasia pouco frequente, correspondendo a 1-5% dos tumores intestinais. Entretanto, o risco de CEC do canal anal vem crescendo. O tratamento padrão do CEC de canal anal nos estádios II-III consiste em 5-fluorouracil infusional associado a mitomicina-C e radioterapia, desde 1974. Estudos clínicos com o objetivo de identificar novos esquemas terapêuticos mais convenientes para câncer do canal anal devem continuar. Métodos: Pacientes com CEC de canal anal T2-4N0M0 ou T (qualquer) N1-3M0, com bom performance clínico, função renal e hematológica normais foram tratados com capecitabina 825 mg/m2 12/12 horas durante a radioterapia associada a dose única de mitomicina-C 15 mg/m2 no Dia 1. O objetivo primário do estudo foi determinar a taxa de controle local em 6 meses da associação de capecitabina, mitomicina-C e radioterapia em pacientes com câncer do canal anal. Os objetivos secundários foram determinar a taxa de toxicidade aguda graus 3-4, conforme os critérios da CTCaev4.0, taxa de resposta completa 6 semanas após término da quimio-radioterapia, sobrevida global e livre de progressão e taxa de colostomia em 1 ano. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado usando a ferramenta "estágio único de Fleming". Considerando 85% de eventos esperados (taxa de controle local em 6 meses), 1 desvio padrão e 5% de erro alfa, o tamanho ideal da amostra foi de 51 pacientes. Resultados: De novembro/2010 a fevereiro/2014, 51 pacientes foram incluídos, sendo avaliados 43 pacientes. Dezessete pacientes (39,5%) tinham estádio II, 11 (25,6%) estádio IIIA e 15 (34,9%) estádio IIIB. O seguimento mediano foi de 23,1 meses. Entre os pacientes que foram avaliados em 6 meses, 3 (7%) apresentaram resposta clínica parcial, 37 (86%) tiveram resposta clínica completa e 3 (7%) apresentaram progressão de doença. O controle loco-regional em 6 meses foi de 86%. Em relação às toxicidades graus 3-4, observaram-se diarreia grau 3, em...

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal is an uncommon malignancy accounting for 1-5% of intestinal tumors; however, its incidence has been increasing. Treatment for stage II and III anal canal SCC is infusional 5-fluorouracil associated with mitomycin and radiotherapy, since 1974. More convenient treatments for patients are needed. Methods: Patients with SCC of anal cancer T2-4N0M0 or T (any) N1-3M0, with good performance status, normal blood, and renal function were treated with capecitabine 825 mg/m2 bid during radiotherapy associated with a single dose of mitomycin 15 mg/m2 on day 1. Primary objective was local control rate at 6 months determined by clinical examination and radiological assessment. Sample size was calculated using Fleming single stage design. Results: From november/2010 to february/2014 51 patients were initially included, however 43 patients were assessed. Seventeen patients (39.5%) were stage II, 11 patients (25.6%) stage IIIA, and 15 patients (34.9%) stage IIIB. Four patients (9.3%) were HIV-positive, while 39 (90.7%) were HIV-negative. Median follow-up was 23.1 months. Among patients who finished the treatment and were reevaluated at 6 months 3 patients (7%) presented partial response, 37 patients (86%) had complete response, and 3 patients developed progression of the disease (7%). Regarding grade 3-4 toxicities, 10 patients (23.2%) had grade 3 radiodermitis, 3 patients (6.9%) had grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia, 5 (11.6%) had grade 3 lymphopenia, 1 patient (2.3%) had grade 3 vomiting, 2 patients (4.6%) had grade 3 diarrhea and 3 patients (6.9%) had grade 3 leukopenia. One HIV+ patient had septic shock, pneumonia, herpetic encephalitis and macrophage activation syndrome. Colostomy rate was 18.6%. Conclusions: Capecitabine and mitomycin with radiotherapy seem to be a safe treatment for SCC of the anal cancer, with a complete response rate in 6 months of 86%.