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ObjectiveThe glycosidic linkage structural characteristics of polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma（PR） and its processed products were analyzed by sugar spectrum， high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC）， fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE） based on partial acid hydrolysis and specific glycosidase hydrolysis， and the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides before and after hydrolysis（enzymolysis） were compared. MethodPolysaccharides from PR and its processed products were extracted by ultrasound extraction， starch was hydrolyzed by α-amylase， and small molecules below 3 kDa were removed by ultrafiltration. The purified polysaccharides were prepared by hydrolysis of acid and five different specific glycosidases， and the hydrolysates were analyzed by HPTLC and PACE. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides was analyzed by 2，2′-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） and 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging experiment before and after different hydrolysis. ResultThrough HPTLC and PACE analysis， it was found that polysaccharides from PR and its processed products could be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase， β-mannase， cellulase and pectinase， but hardly hydrolyzed by glucanase， indicating that the polysaccharides contained β-galactopyranoside bond， β-1，4-mannoside bond， β-1，4-glucoside bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that the ABTS radical scavenging capacity of the polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was weakened after acid hydrolysis and pectinase enzymatic hydrolysis， while the ABTS radical scavenging capacity was enhanced after enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase， β-galactosidase， and β-mannase. And after different hydrolysis， the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was all significantly enhanced. ConclusionThe glycosidic linkage structural characteristics of polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was analyzed by sugar spectrum in this paper， and the relationship between glycosidic bond types and their antioxidant activity was clarified through in vitro antioxidant experiments， which is beneficial for further elucidating the material basis of the related efficacy of PR and its processed products， and providing new ideas and methods for analyzing the structural characteristics of polysaccharides in Chinese medicines.
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Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis(euDKA)is a rare acute metabolic disorder syndrome,its characteristics include metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap,positive ketones in blood or urine,and blood glucose＜13.9 mmol/L.Due to low blood sugar level,euDKA is easy to be missed or delayed treatment in clinical work,resulting in serious consequences.In recent years,many cases of euDKA have been reported,but its inducements and pathogenesis are not fully understood.This article reviews the common inducements and pathogenesis of euDKA.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Yangxue Sanhan Tongmai Prescription(derived from the modification of Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Decoction,i.e.,Danggui Sini Decoction with Euodiae Fructus and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens added)for the treatment of endometriosis(EMS)of blood deficiency and cold coagulation type.Methods A total of 120 cases of EMS with blood deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,with 60 cases in each group.The study group was treated with Yangxue Sanhan Tongmai Prescription,and the control group was treated with Shaofu Zhuyu Granules.Both groups were treated for a period of 3 months,and were followed up for one year after the completion of the treatment.The two groups were observed in the changes of the visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of menstrual abdominal pain,the grading scores of dysmenorrhea,non-menstrual pelvic pain,pain during sexual intercourse,pelvic pressure pain and sacral ligament tenderness,the size of ovarian endometriosis cysts,and the serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1(SICAM-1),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2(TIMP-2).After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety,recurrence and pregnancy in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)In the course of the trial,3 cases fell off in the study group and 5 cases fell off in the control group,and a total of 112 patients were eventually included in the statistical analysis,including 57 cases in the study group and 55 cases in the control group.(2)After 3 months of treatment,the total effective rate in the study group was 92.98%(53/57)and that in the control group was 85.45%(47/55),and the intergroup comparison showed that the efficacy of the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,VAS scores of menstrual abdominal pain and the grading scores of dysmenorrhea,non-menstrual pelvic pain,pain during sexual intercourse,pelvic pressure pain and sacral ligament tenderness in the two groups were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the reduction in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the ovarian endometriosis cysts of the two groups were slightly reduced,but the intragroup pre-and post-treatment differences and the intergroup post-treatment differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(5)After treatment,the levels of serum CA125,VEGF,SICAM-1 and MMP-9 were decreased and the serum TIMP-2 level was increased in both groups compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).And the decrease of serum CA125,VEGF,SICAM-1 and MMP-9 as well as the increase of serum TIMP-2 in the study group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05).(6)The results of one-year follow-up showed that the recurrence rate of the study group was 30.19%(16/53),which was significantly lower than that of the control group(68.09%,32/47),and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(P＜0.05).In the study group,there were 21 patients having the fertility desire,and then 14 cases of them were pregnant after treatment,with a pregnancy rate of 66.67%(14/21);in the control group,there were 20 cases having fertility desire,and then 4 cases of them were pregnant after treatment,with a pregnancy rate of 20.00%(4/20).The intergroup comparison showed that the pregnancy rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(7)During the treatment period,there were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups,and there were no abnormal changes in the safety indexes of blood,urine,and stool routine test,electrocardiogram,and liver and kidney function.Conclusion Yangxue Sanhan Tongmai Prescription exerts certain effect in treating patients with endometriosis of blood deficiency and cold coagulation type,which can significantly alleviate various pain symptoms,improve pregnancy outcomes,and effectively regulate the levels of serum CA125,VEGF,SICAM-1,MMP-9 and TIMP-2 of the patients.
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Objective To exploring the correlation between the expression level of serum carbohydrate antigen 211(CA211)and the number of natural killer(NK)cells and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)pa-tients.Methods 132 NSCLC patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from June 2019 to July 2022 were selected as the test group,and 132 patients with benign lung lesions during the same period were selected as the control group.Data were collected from the laboratory to analyze the relationship between serum CA211 expression and NK cell count in NSCLC with clinical prognosis,as well as the related factors affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients.Results The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and serum CA211 expression in the test group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the count of NK cells was less than that in the control group(P＜0.05);The expression level of serum CA211 in the test group was negatively cor-related with the count of NK cells(r=-0.405,P＜0.001);There were significant differences in lymph node metastasis and TNM staging among patients with different levels of serum CA211 expression and NK cell count(P＜0.05);The one-year survival rate of patients with low expression of CA211 was significantly higher than that of patients with high expression of CA211(P＜0.05),and the one-year survival rate of patients with high count of NK cells was higher than that of patients with low count of NK cells(P＜0.05);Lymph node metasta-sis,TNM staging and CA211 level were all risk factors affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients(P＜0.05),while counting of NK cells was protective factor for the prognosis of NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusions The level of serum CA211 and the number of NK cells in NSCLC patients are closely related to pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis.
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Objective To construct a model for predicting the survival time of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients based on the preopera-tive carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)levels.Methods 313 patients with CRC from Jiangmen Central Hospital were collected and their preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were detected using a Beckman Access chemilu-minescence immunoassay analyzer.The χ2 test was used to evaluate the relationships between CEA and clinical pathological factors and between CA19-9 and clinical pathological factors,and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were used to as-sess the survival and prognosis of patients,respectively.Results CEA and CA19-9 levels were correlated with TNM staging,clinical stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ,progression,recurrence,vascular invasion,and metastatic sites of CRC(P＜0.05).The overall survival time(OS)of patients with elevated CEA was shorter than that of patients with normal CEA,with a total of 76.85 months,while the OS of patients with normal CEA was 110.83 months(P=0.000).The same trend was observed in patients with elevated CA19-9(P=0.000).Cox multivariate analysis found that CEA and CA19-9 were independent predictors of survival in CRC patients(HR=2.190 and 2.874,95%CI=1.486-3.225 and 1.947-4.242,respectively;P＜0.05).A model formula combining CEA and CA19-9 was constructed,assig-ning a score of 0 for normal CEA,1 for elevated CEA,and 0 for normal CA19-9,1 for elevated CA19-9.The CC value was set to equal CEA score+CA19-9 score.It was found that the patients with the highest CC value had the shortest OS,while the patients with the low-est CC value had the longest OS(P＜0.05).Conclusion The established CEA and CA19-9 model formula can effectively distinguish the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Objective To study the effect of drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section on mothers and neonates,and to explore the application value of drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section.Methods The clinical data of 206 singleton women who underwent selective cesarean section in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021 were retrospectively studied.Patients were divided into enhanced recovery after delivery(ERAD)group and control group according to whether drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section.A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the effect of preoperative carb drinks on preoperative fluid supplementation,postoperative rehabilitation and neonatal prognosis.Results Among patients who fasted for less than 12 hours,the ERAD group had a lower fluid supplementation rate and a smaller average fluid supplementation volume compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The ERAD group had a lower rate of prokinetic agent using after surgery(P＜0.05).Among women without a history of abdominal surgery,the ERAD group had less blood loss 24 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in postoperative fever rate,incidence of nausea and vomiting,time of first flatus,neonatal apgar score,exit observation room neonatal blood,and neonatal neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)admission rate between the two groups.Among newborns with high-risk factors for hypoglycemia,the ERAD group had lower enter observation room neonatal blood compared to the control group,and a higher incidence of hypoglycemia(P＜0.05).Conclusion Oral intake of carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section may be beneficial in reducing fluid supplementation before elective cesarean section,promoting postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery,and reducing postoperative bleeding.However,it may be related to the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia.
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Objective:To evaluate the value of detection of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in opportunistic screening of liver cancer in Chinese population with a meta-analysis.Methods:Literatures on combined screening of liver cancer by AFP, CEA and CA19-9 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP database, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. The Quality Assessment Tool of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Stata 17.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis, and Deeks funnel plot was used to analyze publication bias.Results:A total of 24 literatures met the inclusion criteria, including 1 471 patients with liver cancer and 2 150 controls. The overall sensitivity of AFP in liver cancer diagnosis (screening) was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75), the total specificity was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80-0.90), and the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve (AUC) was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.85). The total sensitivity of CEA in liver cancer diagnosis (screening) was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.40-0.56), the total specificity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.89), and the AUC of sROC was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.70-0.77). The total sensitivity of CA19-9 in liver cancer diagnosis (screening) was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.50-0.61), the total specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73-0.85), and the AUC was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65-0.73). AFP has the highest sensitivity and specificity among the three. The overall sensitivity of combined detection of AFP, CEA and CA19-9 for liver cancer diagnosis (screening) was increased to 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.92), the overall specificity was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82), and the AUC was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93). No publication bias was found in either individual or combined test of the biomarkers. Conclusions:Detection of AFP alone has high sensitivity and specificity, and it is a tumor marker that can be used for the opportunistic screening of liver cancer. When combined tests of AFP, CEA and CA19-9 are used to screen liver cancer, the results should be interpreted more carefully.
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Objective:To evaluate the application value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and CA72-4 detection in the opportunistic screening (healthy physical examination) of gastric cancer based on a meta-analysis.Methods:A published literature searching up to May 2023 was performed in databases of CNKI, Wanfang Databases, VIP, PubMed, Cochran and Embase for studies on CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer. The Quality Evaluation Tool of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Stata17.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 23 studies with 5 287 gastric cancer patients and 6 129 controls were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 as a diagnostic marker for gastric cancer were 0.42, 0.45 and 0.52, and 0.94, 0.91 and 0.95, respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve for discriminating gastric cancer was 0.82, 0.77 and 0.87, respectively. The sensitivity of combined (parallel) diagnosis of gastric cancer with the three biomarkers increased to 0.66 (95% CI: 0.54-0.76), the specificity decreased to 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.89), and the area under the curve basically remained unchanged at 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89). Conclusions:Due to poor sensitivity, the application effects of serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 as biomarkers for gastric cancer screening and physical examination are limited.
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Objective:To explore the clinical features and prognosis of simultaneous double primary and single primary colorectal cancer patients.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 45 patients with simultaneous double primary colorectal cancer, 53 patients with single primary colon cancer and 59 patients with single primary rectal cancer in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, drinking history, smoking history, body mass index (BMI), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), hemoglobin, albumin, TNM stage. The clinicopathological characteristics of the three groups were compared. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method to compare the overall survival of the three groups.Results:The age of simultaneous double primary colorectal cancer patients was (63±11) years old, including 28 males and 17 females; the age of single primary colon cancer patients was (61±12) years old, including 30 males and 23 females; the age of single primary rectal cancer patients was (60±11) years old, including 30 males and 29 females. There was a significant difference in BMI between patients with double primary cancer and single primary colon cancer ( P = 0.041), but there were no significant differences in gender, age, drinking history, smoking history, CEA, CA199, hemoglobin, albumin and TNM stage (all P > 0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, CEA and CA199 between patients with double primary cancer and single primary rectal cancer (all P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in gender, age, drinking history, smoking history, hemoglobin, albumin and TNM stage (all P > 0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates of the double primary cancer patients were 95.56%, 77.78% and 62.22%, the single primary colon cancer patients were 94.34%, 81.13% and 69.81%, and the single primary rectal cancer patients were 100.00%, 88.14% and 72.88%, respectively. There was no significant difference in OS among patients with double primary cancer, single primary rectal cancer and single primary rectal cancer (both P > 0.05). Conclusions:Abnormally elevated BMI may be associated with the risk of developing simultaneous double primary colorectal cancer. Detection of CEA and CA199 is helpful in monitoring rectal cancer patients for the combination of other primary tumors. The prognosis of patients with single primary colon or rectal cancer is comparable to that of patients with simultaneous double primary colorectal cancer.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of low-carbohydrate diet and online lifestyle intervention on patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. MethodsThis study was conducted among 53 patients with lean NAFLD who attended Department of Infectious Diseases in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital and Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital from December 2019 to March 2021， and the patients were given low-carbohydrate diet for calorie restriction ［total calorie intake was calculated based on basal metabolic rate （BMR） and physical activity level （PAL） and was restricted within （BMR×95%×PAL-1 000） kcal to （BMR×95%×PAL-500） kcal， and carbohydrate ratio fluctuated between 10% and 55%］ and lifestyle interventions for 8 weeks. An online software was used for supervision and follow-up， and the patients were observed in terms of treatment outcome and safety. The patients were compared in terms of controlled attenuation parameter （CAP）， liver stiffness measurement （LSM）， Anthropometric parameters， blood biochemistry， urinary protein， and urine ketone body before and after intervention. The patients were followed up after 1 year to measure body weight and body mass index （BMI）. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the paired-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsAfter 8 weeks of intervention， CAP decreased from 304.47±31.91 db/m to 242.43±26.74 db/m， LSM decreased from 7.43±2.41 kPa to 6.36±1.79 kPa， and body weight decreased from 64.29±7.37 kg to 60.24±7.08 kg （t=11.25，3.72， and 14.07， all P<0.001）. Of all patients， 25 （47.2%） had disappearance of fatty liver， and abnormal LSM in 12 patients （63.2%） returned to normal； 52 patients （98.1%） had a mean reduction of 4.05±2.32 kg in body weight. The degree of reduction in CAP increased with the degree of reduction in body weight. After intervention， there were significant reductions in BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， uric acid， fasting blood glucose， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein （t=12.85， 13.77， 10.28， 7.64， 6.21， 8.35， 6.83， 6.31， 7.4， 4.97， 5.95， and -2.21， all P<0.05）. The patients with abnormal ALT， AST， GGT， uric acid， fasting blood glucose， TG， TC， and LDL at baseline which returned to normal after intervention accounted for 75%， 100%， 81.8%， 57.1%， 100%， 66.7%， 73.5%， and 85.3%， respectively. There were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen， serum creatinine， urine protein， and urine ketone body （all P>0.05）. There was no rebound in body weight and BMI after 1 year of follow-up （P>0.05）. There were no gastrointestinal reactions during intervention or follow-up. ConclusionLow-carbohydrate diet and lifestyle intervention can improve liver fat content， liver function， and blood lipid parameters in patients with lean NAFLD， with good safety.
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This study examines inhibiting galectin 1 (Gal1) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting roles. Our data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse HCC. The levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with survival. The roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression (OE) or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by AAV9. Prior to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations, lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor load. The treatment effect of lgals1 siRNA was further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9% or even 42% of the body weight. Comparing spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC, inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45+ cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 silencing. Within the tumors, silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor, and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNA was CD8-dependent. Overall, Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.
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Objective To evaluate the predictive value of serum carbohydrate antigen 50(CA50),tumor specific growth factor(TSGF),and tissue polypeptide antigen(TPA)levels for sensitivity to radiochemotherapy in patients with middle-and advanced-stage breast cancer using a nomogram model.Methods Eighty-two patients with middle-and advanced-stage breast cancer were selected as the study sub-jects.All patients received paclitaxel chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and were divided into sensitive(n= 57)and insensitive(n= 25)groups according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.The general information of the patients,serum expression of CA50,TSGF,and TPA,and their differences before and after treatment were recorded.A nomogram model was constructed,and cali-bration curves,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and decision curves were used to evaluate the predictive power and clinical utility of the nomogram model.Results Significant differences were observed in tumor diameter,vascular invasion,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,and degree of differentiation between the two groups(P＜0.05).Compared to those in the sensitive group,the serum expression of CA50,TSGF,and TPA after treatment was higher,and the difference in CA50,TSGF,and TPA was smaller in the insensitive group(P＜0.05).Three predictive variables were identified in the LASSO regression:differences in CA50,TSGF,and TPA.The logistic regression results showed that differences in CA50,TSGF,and TPA influenced sensitivity to radiochemotherapy in middle-and advanced-stage breast cancer(P＜0.05).A nomogram model was constructed using differences in CA50,TSGF,and TPA.Calibration,ROC,and decision curves showed the model's good predictive accuracy and clinical utility.Conclusion Serum expression of CA50,TSGF,and TPA is high in patients with middle-and advanced-stage breast cancer who are insensitive to radiochemotherapy,and differences in CA50,TSGF,and TPA affect their sensitivity to radiochemotherapy.The nomogram model had good predictive value and clinical utility.
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Objective:To explore the values of single and combined detection of mammography,ultrasound Doppler and serum markers of tumor included serum prostate specific antigen(PSA),serum carbohydrate antigen 15-3(CA153),mucin 1(MUC1)and human growth differentiation factor 3(GDF3)in diagnosing early breast cancer.Methods:A total of 96 patients with breast cancer,who admitted to Tangshan People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 and were confirmed by pathological examination,were selected as breast cancer group.At the same time,70 patients with benign breast diseases who received diagnosis and treatment in our hospital were selected as benign lesions group.In addition,50 normal people who were confirmed as health by physical examination in our hospital were selected as research subjects of healthy control group.The postoperative pathological examination was used as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic values of single mammography,ultrasonic Doppler examination,serum PSA,CA153,MUC1,GDF3 and the combined examination of them for breast cancer.Results:In the breast cancer group,78 cases of the 96 patients with breast cancer were diagnosed as malignant tumor by ultrasound on breast,with a positive detection rate of 81.3%,and 80 cases of them were diagnosed as malignant tumor by mammography X-ray examination,with a positive detection rate of 83.1%.The levels of serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 of breast cancer group were respectively higher than those of the benign lesion group and healthy control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=8.783,10.361,11.258,18.965,9.564,12.658,12.688,20.163,P<0.05).Using breast cancer as the dependent variable,and using serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 as independent variable to perform Logistic regression analysis.The results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 were important risk factors of breast cancer(OR value =1.165,1.168,1.472,1.248,P<0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(95%CI),sensitivity and specificity of single application of each indicator of ultrasound on breast,mammography,serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 were respectively[0.723(0.595-0.851),82.56%and 67.32%],[0.761(0.636-0.886),85.79%and 65.36%],[0.833(0.726-0.941),81.48%and 85.73%],[0.837(0.738-0.926),61.25%and 70.17%],[0.768(0.648-0.889),71.49%and 80.87%],[0.613(0.469-0.758),52.94%and 50.57%].However,the AUC(95%CI),sensitivity and specificity of the combined application of 6 items were respectively 0.958(0.905-0.999),96.37%and 84.83%,which had higher diagnostic efficiency.Conclusion:The combined detection performance of mammography,ultrasound Doppler and serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 is higher than that of single each detection,which is helpful to conduct early identification and diagnosis for breast cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of high diffusion sensitivity coefficient(high b value)diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)combined with tumor carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)in judging the nature of ovarian lesions.Methods:A total of 100 patients with ovarian lesions who were treated in Nantong Haimen People's Hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected for retrospective study.All of them underwent CA125,DWI,DCE-MRI and pathologically qualitative examination.According to the pathological results,58 patients with malignant lesions of ovarian were divided into malignant group and patients with benign lesions of ovarian were divided into benign group.The CA125 levels of the two groups were analyzed and compared,and the results of the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)of different detection methods(DWI with high b value+CA125,DCE-MRI+CA125,DWI with high b value+DCE-MRI+CA125)also were analyzed and compared.Results:The CA125 index of the malignant group was significantly higher than that of the benign group,with a statistically significant difference(t=29.357,P＜0.05),and the CA125 positive rate of the malignant group was significantly better than that of the benign group,with a statistically significant difference(x2=34.456,P＜0.05).The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value[(0.91±0.18)×103mm2/s]of the malignant group was significantly less than that[(33±0.21)×103mm2/s]of the benign group,while the contrast agent volume conversion constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep)and the extracellular space volume ratio outside of blood vessels(Ve)of the malignant group were significantly higher than those of the benign group,with significant differences(t=16.863,9.686,10.205,P＜0.05),respectively.The diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,negative predictive value and positive predictive value of DWI with high b-value+DCE-MRI+CA125 examination method were higher than those of DWI with high b-value + CA125 or DCE-MRI+CA125 examination method in diagnosing malignant ovarian tumors.There were not significant differences in various indicators between DCE-MRI+CA125 examination method and DWI with high b-value +CA125 examination method(P＞0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)of the DWI with high b-value +DCE-MRI+CA125 examination method was the best(AUC=0.920).Conclusion:The combined examination method of DWI with high b-value + DCE-MRI + CA125 has better overall diagnostic efficiency,which can improve the screening ability of clinical diagnosis for malignant ovarian tumors.It has a certain clinical application value.
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Objective:To analyze the correlation between the expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and carbohydrate antigen 153(CA153)and the technical parameter of acoustic palpation tissue imaging quantification(VTIQ)in patients with breast cancer.Methods:A total of 80 female patients with breast cancer admitted to The Third People's Hospital of Hefei from May 2018 to May 2020 were selected,including 14 cases at WHO stage Ⅰ,22 cases at WHO stage Ⅱ,31 cases at WHO stage Ⅲ and 13 cases at WHO stage Ⅳ.Another 53 female patients with benign breast diseases who were treated during the same period were selected as controls.At first,all patients underwent routine ultrasound examination,and then they entered the ultrasound VTIQ imaging mode to obtain the mean value of shear wave velocity(SWV).An immunohistochemistry was used to detect HER2 expressions in breast tissues,and Roche E411 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer was used to detect serum CA153 levels of them.Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between serum CA153 levels and SWV mean values in patients with breast cancer.Results:Compared with benign patients,the SWV mean value of VTIQ technical parameter,serum CA153 level and HRR2 positive expression rate in patients with breast cancer were significantly higher,and the difference was statistically significant(F=39.107,78.353,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with patients at stages Ⅰ + Ⅱ of breast cancer,the SWV mean value of VTIQ technical parameter,serum CA153 level and HRR2 positive expression rate of patients at stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ of breast cancer significantly increased(t=2.685,3.556,8.326,10.455,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with patients at stage Ⅲ of breast cancer,the SWV mean value of VTIQ technical parameters,serum CA153 level and HRR2 positive expression rate of patients at Ⅳ stage of breast cancer were significantly higher(t=4.632,8.659,P<0.05),respectively.Compared with the SWV mean value of patients with HER2 negative expression of breast cancer,that of patients with HER2 positive expression of breast cancer was significantly higher(x2=59.751,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between serum CA153 levels and SWV mean values in patients with breast cancer(r=0.501,P<0.05).Conclusion:The SWV mean value of VTIQ parameters is closely related to the expression levels of biomarkers HER2 and CA153 in patients with breast cancer.
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Introduction: Defined seasonality in savanna species can stimulate physiological responses that maximize photosynthetic metabolism and productivity. However, those physiological responses are also linked to the phenological status of the whole plant, including leaf phenophases. Objective: To study how physiological traits influence phenophase timing among congeneric and co-occurring savanna species. Methods: We evaluated the leaf phenology and physiological traits of populations of Byrsonima intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, and B. verbascifolia. Physiological measurements were performed at the onset of the dry and rainy seasons and again late in the season. Results: B. intermedia and B. coccolobifolia were classified as brevideciduous and B. verbascifolia as evergreen. The maximum quantum yield for B. intermedia and B. coccolobifolia were lowest during the dry season. At the onset of the dry period, the highest chloroplastidic pigment levels were observed, which decreased as the season advanced, total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios were lowest, and carotenoid contents were highest. We detected low starch content values at the start of the rainy season, coinciding with the resumption of plant growth. Two months into this season, the leaves were at their peak structural and functional maturity, with high water-soluble polysaccharide values and photosynthetic rates, and were storing large amounts of starch. Conclusions: Physiological and leaf phenological strategies of the Byrsonima species were related to drought resistance and acclimatization to the seasonality of savanna water resources. The oscillations of the parameters quantified during the year indicated a strong relationship with water seasonality and with the phenological status of the leaves.
Introducción: La marcada estacionalidad en las especies de sabana puede estimular respuestas fisiológicas que maximicen el metabolismo fotosintético y la productividad. Sin embargo, esas respuestas fisiológicas están vinculadas al estado fenológico de toda la planta, incluidas las fenofases de las hojas. Objetivo: Estudiar cómo los rasgos fisiológicos influyen en el tiempo de la fenofase entre especies de sabana congenéricas y concurrentes. Métodos: Evaluamos la fenología y características fisiológicas de poblaciones de Byrsonima intermedia, B. coccolobifolia y B. verbascifolia. Las mediciones fisiológicas se realizaron al inicio de la estación seca y lluviosa, y de nuevo al final de la estación. Resultados: B. intermedia y B. coccolobifolia se clasificaron como brevicaducifolias y B. verbascifolia como perennifolias. El rendimiento cuántico máximo para B. intermedia y B. coccolobifolia fueron más bajos durante la época seca. Al inicio del período seco, se observaron niveles de pigmentos cloroplastídicos más altos, aunque los niveles de clorofila disminuyeron a medida que avanzaba la estación seca, las proporciones clorofila/carotenoides totales fueron más bajas y los contenidos de carotenoides más altos. Detectamos valores bajos de contenido de almidón al inicio de la época lluviosa, que coincide con la reanudación del crecimiento de la planta. A dos meses de esta época, las hojas estaban en su máxima madurez estructural y funcional, con altos valores de polisacáridos solubles en agua y tasas fotosintéticas, y almacenaban grandes cantidades de almidón. Conclusiones: Las estrategias fisiológicas y fenológicas de las hojas de las especies de Byrsonima estaban relacionadas con la resistencia a la sequía y la aclimatación a la estacionalidad de los recursos hídricos de la sabana. Las oscilaciones de los parámetros cuantificados durante el año indicaron una fuerte relación con la estacionalidad hídrica y con los estados fenológicos de las hojas.
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Introducción. La calidad de los carbohidratos consumidos juega un papel importante en la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Objetivo. Analizar el índice de calidad de los carbohidratos (ICC) en la población urbana costarricense y su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y la calidad y la diversidad de la dieta. Materiales y métodos. Los datos provienen del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud, en una muestra representativa de 798 personas entre 15 y 65 años que residen en zonas urbanas de Costa Rica (2014- 2015). En una visita domiciliaria se administró un cuestionario para recolectar los datos sociodemográficos y se pesó y midió a los participantes. El consumo dietético se obtuvo mediante dos recordatorios de 24 horas en días no consecutivos. El ICC se calculó mediante el consumo de fibra, el índice glicémico, la relación carbohidratos sólidos/líquidos y la relación granos enteros/granos totales. Se comparó el ICC según el sexo, el grupo de edad, el nivel socioeconómico, el estado nutricional, la circunferencia de cintura y la calidad y diversidad de la dieta de los participantes. Resultados. El ICC se asoció positivamente con un mayor consumo de energía, carbohidratos totales, proteínas, grasas, colesterol, frutas, vegetales y leguminosas (p<0,001). Un mayor ICC se asoció positivamente con un mayor porcentaje de adecuación de micronutrientes y mayor índice de diversidad y calidad de la dieta (p<0,001), así como con un menor índice de masa corporal y una menor circunferencia de cintura al ajustar por sexo y edad (p<0,005). Conclusiones. El presente estudio demostró que un mayor ICC se asocia significativamente con mejores indicadores dietéticos e índice de masa corporal, por lo que resulta fundamental establecer en Costa Rica pautas dietéticas que permitan aumentar la calidad de los carbohidratos de la dieta con el fin de contribuir en la prevención de las ECNT(AU)
Introduction. The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) plays an important role in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) and adequate macro and micronutrient intake. Objective. To analyze the carbohydrate quality index (CCI) in the Costa Rican urban population and its relationship with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and the quality and diversity of the diet. Materials and methods. Data come from the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS), in a representative sample of 798 people between 15 and 65 years of age who reside in urban areas of Costa Rica (2014-2015). During a home visit, a questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data, and participants were measured and weighed. Dietary intake was obtained through two 24-hour recalls in non- consecutive days. The CQI was calculated using fiber intake, glycemic index, liquid/solid carbohydrate ratio, and whole grain/total grains. CCI was then compared according to sex, age-group, socioeconomic level, nutritional status and diet quality and diet diversity. Results. The CQI was positively associated with energy intake, total carbohydrates, proteins, fats, cholesterol, fruits, vegetables, and legumes (p<0,001). Also, CQI was associated with a higher percentage of micronutrient adequacy and diet quality and diversity (p<0,001), as well as with a lower body mass index and lower waist circumference when adjusting for sex and age (p<0,005). Conclusions. The present study showed that higher CQI is associated with better dietary and body mass index, which shows that it is essential to establish dietary guidelines for public health in Costa Rica that allows increasing the quality of carbohydrates in the diet to contribute to the prevention of chronic NCD(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the impact of carbohydrate counting (CC) on glycemic control and body weight variation (primary and secondary outcomes, respectively) between consultations in patients with diabetes mellitus (T1D) followed at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil in a public health system environment. We also sought to investigate CC adherence. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included 232 patients with T1D who underwent nutritional monitoring at a referral hospital for diabetes care between 2014 and 2018. To assess primary and secondary outcomes, data from 229 patients, 49 of whom underwent CC during this period and 180 individuals who used fixed doses of insulin, were analyzed. The impact of CC on glycemic control was assessed with the mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at all consultations during the follow-up period. Results: In the model adjusted for the most confounders (except pregnancy), the mean HbA1c was better in the CC group (8.66 ± 0.4% vs. 9.36 ± 0.39%; p = 0.016), and body weight variation was lower (0.13 ± 0.28 kg vs. 0.53 ± 0.24 kg; p = 0.024). Adherence to CC was reported in 69.2% of consultations. Conclusion: CC optimized the glycemic control of individuals with T1D, resulting in less weight variation than in the fixed insulin dose group, which indicates that CC is an important care strategy for these patients.
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INTRODUCTION: Excess body weight and its comorbidities represent a major public health issue. Interventions based on diet and exercise have not only been shown to promote weight loss, but also improve overall health, including cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week hypocaloric low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet coupled with high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on the cardiometabolic risk of overweight adults. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 31 overweight adults participated in this study, divided into two groups based on the dietary intervention: reduced-CHO (R-CHO, ≤130 g/day; n=15) and adequate-CHO (A-CHO, >130 g/day; n=16). The cardiometabolic risk was assessed using lipidaemic, insulinemia, and glycaemic parameters. A two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was utilized to evaluate the effects of the intervention. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Participants from both groups displayed decreased low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations, as well as the number of risk factors for the metabolic disease after 12 weeks. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration of both groups increased after 12 weeks, however, the result of the intragroup analysis revealed that a significant increase was only observed in the participants from the A-CHO group. CONCLUSION: Reduced or adequate CHO intake was both found to be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, improvements in HDL and final cardiometabolic classification risk indicated that CHO adequacy in the diet might be a better strategy associated with caloric restriction and HIFT.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico , Restricción Calórica , Sobrepeso , Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , UniversidadesRESUMEN
Objective To analyze the effect of 30% low-carbohydrate diet combined with intensive dietary intervention in the treatment of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 93 adult patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated in Hengshui people's Hospital from February 2019 to September 2021 were selected as the research objects. On the basis of insulin treatment , the patients were randomly divided into two groups , namely the control group (conventional treatment). and observation group (low-carbohydrate diet combined with intensive dietary treatment). After 2 and 6 months of intervention， the differences in blood glucose， pancreatic islets , blood lipids , obesity indexes and adverse reaction rates were analyzed between the two groups. Results A total of 163 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study， including 83 in the control group and 80 in the observation group. Before the intervention， the indicators of blood glucose， blood lipids and insulin resistance of the two groups were balanced and comparable. After 2 months of intervention， the related indicators in the two groups were all decreased compared with those before the intervention， and the indicators such as glycosylated hemoglobin（t=9.860，P<0.001)， fasting blood glucose（t=3.552，P=0.005) and two-hour postprandial blood glucose （t=11.441，P<0.001)were observed. The decrease rate in the group was higher than that in the control group； after 6 months of intervention， the triglycerides in the two groups also showed a downward trend， and the observation group [(2.41±0.44) mmol/L] decreased the most（t=7.778，P<0.001). At the same time， after 2 months of intervention， the BMI and waist-hip circumference indexes of the two groups decreased compared with those before the intervention.And， the decrease of observation group hip circumference index [(84.19±8.26) cm] was compared with the control group [(85.92±6.81) cm] was more obvious（t=4.840，P<0.001)； after 6 months of intervention， the BMI（t=2.847，P=0.005) and hip circumference indexes （t=2.399，P=0.018)of both groups decreased significantly， and the decrease was more in the observation group . The correlation results showed that the measurement of fasting blood glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes was positively correlated with hip circumference (r=0.490，P=0.038)， and the two-hour postprandial blood glucose was also positively correlated with BMI (r=0.452，P=0.015) and hip circumference (r=0.396，P=0.020). Conclusion Low-carbohydrate diet combined with intensive dietary intervention can effectively improve blood glucose , blood lipid and insulin levels in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in the same time , which help to control the weight and contribute to the prognosis of patients.