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Introducción: El cáncer escamocelular de cavidad oral es una patología con bajas tasas de sobrevivencia. Cuando no es tratado adecuadamente es un tumor de alta recurrencia y resistente al tratamiento. Nuevas hipótesis plantean que las células tumorales progenitoras por sus propiedades de auto renovación, iniciación tumoral, migración y metástasis pueden ser responsables de la manutención y renovación de este tumor. Sin embargo, aún no existe un consenso sobre la verdadera participación de ellas, debido a que su identificación y caracterización es aún un reto experimental. Objetivo: En este trabajo se busca detectar células con expresión de marcadores de células tumorales Progenitoras en muestras cáncer escamocelular de cavidad oral y relacionarlo con los estadios de diferenciación del tumor. Metodología: En esta investigación se tomaron 32 muestras de pacientes con carcinoma escamocelular de cavidad oral. Se logró detectar in situ, mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia, cuatro reconocidos marcadores de células tumorales progenitoras. Resultados: Se identificaron los marcadores OCT4, SSEA4, NANOG y TRA-1-60 en los diferentes estadios de diferenciación tumoral, lo que sugiere la participación de las células progenitoras tumorales en la evolución de esta patología. Conclusiones: El establecimiento y correcta identificación de las células tumorales progenitoras abre nuevas vías terapéuticas para el abordaje de este tumor, en busca de mejorar el pronóstico, tasa de sobrevivencia y calidad de vida del paciente.
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is a pathology with poor survival rates. When it is not adequately treated, it is a tumor with high recurrence and resistance to treatment. According to new hypotheses, progenitor tumor cells, due to their properties of self-renewal, tumor initiation, migration, and metastasis, could be responsible for the maintenance and renewal of this tumor. However, there is still no consensus on their true participation, subsequent to difficult in their identification and characterization. Materials and methods: In this research, 32 samples provided from patients diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were used. To detect specific markers progenitor tumor cells were used immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: The cells markers OCT4, SSEA4, NANOG and TRA-1-60 were identified in the different stages of the tumor samples, all these findings suggest the role of tumor progenitor cells in the evolution of this pathology. Conclusions: The establishment and correct identification of the progenitor tumor cells provide new therapeutic options for the approach of this tumor seeking to improve the prognosis, survival rate and quality of life of the patient.
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BACKGROUND: To date, there is no report on the anti-hepatoma mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine targeting hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells; therefore, relevant research is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of baicalein on the expression of Decoy receptor 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells as well as the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells after down-regulation of Decoy receptor 3.METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells were obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (purchased from the Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China), cultured and passaged. The cells were cultured in the low-glucose DMEM containing nothing (control group), 200 (high-dose group), 100 (middle-dose group) or 50 μmol/L (low-dose group) baicalein. After treatment with baicalein, RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of decoy receptor 3 at mRNA and protein levels. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, high-dose baicalein could significantly down-regulated the expression of decoy receptor 3 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells. High-dose baicalein was then confirmed to be the best concentration of action. Compared with the control group, in the high-dose baicalein group, the proliferation ability of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells decreased significantly, the percentage of S-phase and G2-phase cells increased, while the percentage of G1-phase cells decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, in the high-dose baicalein group, the apoptotic rate of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells increased significantly, while the migration ability decreased markedly. To conclude, high-dose baicalein can inhibit a series of biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells by down-regulating the expression of Decoy receptor 3, which provides an experimental basis for clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with Decoy receptor 3 as the target and hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells as the object.
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BACKGROUND: Tumor stem cells are a small number of types of tumor cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different types of tumor cells. Oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells are highly tumorigenic and play a role in tumor differentiation, treatment resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Simultaneously, tumor stem cells have great similarities with normal stem cells, so it is necessary to establish effective and accurate tumor stem cell identification methods; and corresponding targeted treatment strategies are designed to help the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current methods used in the literature to identify and isolate oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, analyze potential targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, and summarize the potential research progress on targets. METHODS: Computers were used to retrieve the CNKI and PubMed databases for relevant literature published since its establishment to 2020. The English key words were “oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC, cancer stem cells, HNSCC, head and neck squamous carcinoma cell”. Chinese key words were “oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, oral squamous cell carcinoma, tumor stem cells, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma”. Retrieval results were summarized and analyzed to exclude low-relevance, duplicate, and obsolete documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Targeted intervention of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells has important clinical significance. CD44, CD133 and ALDH are currently the most suitable biomarkers for the identification and isolation of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells. They are the same as Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, Bmi1, EGFR signaling pathway, SHH signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Let-7 family, MicroRNA-200 family and natural compounds together as potential targets for targeted therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells.
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Objective To explore the source of endothelial cells in tumor vessels by A 549 tumor model with GFP nude mouse.Methods To establish the A 549 lung cancer models with GFP nude mice, expression of CD 31 was determined by immunofluorescence to label tumor vessels; to observe and take a picture of the tumor frozen section by confocal microscopy and invert microscope;expression of GFP in tumor vessels was determined by immunohistochemistry. Result The results of immunofluorescence showed:Tumor interstitial vascular endothelial cells or endothelial cells clusters and micro-vascular lumen size and shape are clearly visible by immunofluorescence, and part of vessels with no obvious lumen or irregular lumen.We can see green fluorescent in tumor cells of tumor tissue and endothelial cells which form of tumor vessels.The results of immunohistochemistry showed: expression of GFP was determined in cytoplasm of tumor stromal cells and endothelial cells in tumor vessels.Conclusion The endothelial cells which formed tumor neovessels that derived from GFP nude mice partly and the other part derived from tumor cells.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of different concentrations of serum, 5-azacytidine, and culture time on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells in the course of developing an efficient protocol for generating the cardiomyogenic lineage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: P19 cells were plated at a density of 1x10(6) cells on 10-cm bacterial dishes for 96 hours in the presence of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to form embryoid bodies. The embryoid bodies were cultured in medium with 2% or 10% fetal bovine serum for an additional 10 or 15 consecutive days in the presence of 0, 1, or 3 microM 5-azacytidine. RESULTS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of cardiac muscle-specific genes, such as GATA4, alpha-actin, alpha-myosin heavy chain, and cardiac troponin T, were significantly higher in the 15-day culture groups than in the 10-day culture groups. Furthermore, the cardiac muscle-specific genes were expressed more in the high-serum groups compared to the low-serum groups regardless of the culture time. Cardiomyogenic differentiation of the P19 cells was most effective in 1 microM 5-azacytidine regardless of the serum concentrations. In addition, the stimulation effects of 5-azacytidine on cardiomyogenic differentiation were more significant under low-serum culture conditions compared to high-serum culture conditions. Cardiomyogenic differentiation of P19 cells was further confirmed by immunostaining with cardiac muscle-specific antibodies. CONCLUSION:Taken together, these results demonstrated that cardiomyogenic differentiation of P19 cells was enhanced by a combination of different experimental factors.