Umbral crítico de administración en pacientes con trauma severo y reanimación endovascular: ¿Un concepto útil? / Critical Administration Threshold in severe trauma patients and endovascular resuscitation: A useful concept?

Introducción. Se describe la utilidad del umbral crítico de administración (CAT por su denominación en inglés) como herramienta para la reanimación hemostática en pacientes con trauma severo y oclusión endovascular aórtica. Métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes adultos con hemorragia por trauma, con o sin oclusión endovascular aórtica (REBOA), atendidos entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2020, en un centro de trauma nivel I en Cali, Colombia. Se registraron variables demográficas, severidad del trauma, estado clínico, requerimiento transfusional, tiempo hasta CAT+ y CAT alcanzado (1, 2 ó 3). Resultados. Se incluyeron 93 pacientes, se utilizó REBOA en 36 y manejo tradicional en 57. El grupo REBOA presentó mayor volumen de sangrado (mediana de 3000 ml, RIC: 1950-3625 ml) frente al grupo control (mediana de1500 ml, RIC: 700-2975ml) (p<0,001) y mayor cantidad de glóbulos rojos transfundidos en las primeras 6 horas (mediana de 5, RIC:4-9); p=0,015 y en las primeras 24 horas (mediana de 6, RIC: 4-11); p=0,005. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en número de pacientes CAT+ entre grupos o tiempo hasta alcanzarlo. Sin embargo, el estado CAT+ durante los primeros 30 minutos de la cirugía fue mayor en grupo REBOA (24/36, 66,7 %) frente al grupo control (17/57, 29,8 %; p=0,001), teniendo este mayor tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria frente a los pacientes CAT-. Conclusión. El umbral crítico de administración es una herramienta útil en la reanimación hemostática de pacientes con trauma y REBOA, que podría predecir mortalidad precoz.

Introduction. The objective is to describe the utility of the Critical Administration Threshold (CAT) as a tool in hemostatic resuscitation in patients with severe trauma and REBOA. Methods. Retrospective review between January 2015 and June 2020 of adult patients with hemorrhage secondary to trauma with or without REBOA in a level I trauma center in Cali, Colombia. Demographic variables, trauma severity, clinical status, transfusion needs, time to CAT+ and number of CAT achieved (1, 2 or 3) were recorded. Results. Ninety-three patients were included, in which REBOA was used in 36 and traditional management in 57. The REBOA group had a higher bleeding volume (3000 ml), IQR: 1950-3625 ml vs the control group (1500 ml, IQR: 700-2975 ml) (p<0.001) and a higher rate of PRBC units transfused in the first 6 hours (median 5, IQR: 4-9); p=0.015 and in the first 24 hours (median 6, IQR: 4-11); p=0.005. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of CAT+ patients between groups or time to CAT+. However, CAT+ status during the first 30 minutes of surgery was higher in the REBOA Group (24/36, 66.7%) vs. the control group (17/57, 29.8%; p=0.001), having this group a higher in-hospital mortality rate vs. CAT- patients. Conclusion. CAT is a useful tool in the hemostatic resuscitation of patients with trauma and REBOA that could predict early mortality.

Mechanism of the effect of Xuebijing injection on neurological function and survival of rats after cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of the effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on neurological function and survival of rats after cardiac arrest （CA）/cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） based on the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase （GSNOR）/S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO） pathway. METHODS The CA/CPR rat model was established by ventricular fibrillation. Using a sham operation group as control， high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze and mine the differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus； the active components of XBJ were screened and subjected to molecular docking analysis with GSNOR. The rats successfully modeled using the same method were divided into model group （n＝30）， inhibitor （GSNOR inhibitor） group （n＝30）， XBJ group （n＝30） and XBJ+inhibitor group （n＝30）， and a sham operation group （n＝30） was set up. Neurological function was evaluated and survival status was recorded at 3 hours， 24 hours and 3 days after the first 89） drug intervention. The contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus of rats were determined in each group at the 0191） above time points， and the relationship of the contents of GSNOR and GSNO with modified neurologic severity scale （mNSS） score was analyzed. RESULTS GSNOR coding gene was differentially expressed between the model group and the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group， GSNOR content increased significantly in the hippocampus of rats in model group， while GSNO content decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The active components of XBJ， such as 4- methylenemiltirone and salviolone， could be bound to GSNOR protein， with the binding energy lower than －6 kcal/mol， mainly connected by hydrogen bonds. Animal experiments revealed that mNSS score and GSNOR levels in the hippocampus of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）， while GSNO levels and survival rate were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）. The above indexes of rats were improved significantly in administration groups， the mNSS score in the XBJ group was significantly lower than that in the inhibitor group， the content changes of GSNOR and GSNO in the inhibitor group were more obvious than those in the XBJ group， and the various indicators in the XBJ+inhibitor group were significantly better than the XBJ group and the inhibitor group （P＜0.05）. GSNOR content was positively correlated with the mNSS score， and GSNO content was negatively correlated with the mNSS score （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS XBJ can improve the neurological function of rats and enhance their survival rates after CA/CPR， the mechanism of which may be associated with the down-regulation of GSNOR and the up-regulation of GSNO.

Desenvolvimento de um design de telessimulação para o suporte básico de vida / Elaboración de un diseño de telesimulación para el soporte vital básico / Development of a telesimulation design for basic life support

Resumo Objetivo Construir e validar um design de telessimulação síncrona e observacional em enfermagem para o atendimento segundo o protocolo de suporte básico de vida intra-hospitalar no adulto. Métodos Estudo metodológico baseado nas fases do procedimento teórico realizado por meio de uma scoping review; fase empírica desenvolvida através da validação de conteúdo do design telessimulado e fase analítica em que adotou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo. Resultados Construiu-se um design para o atendimento segundo o protocolo de suporte básico de vida percorrendo seis etapas: o planejamento, preparação, participação, teledebriefing, avaliação e feedback e a aprendizagem adicional, com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,96. Conclusão O design desenvolvido foi considerado válido em conteúdo para planejar e executar a telessimulação pela enfermagem e ainda ser adaptado a outros contextos educacionais.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar un diseño de telesimulación sincrónica y observacional de enfermería para la atención de acuerdo con el protocolo de soporte vital básico intrahospitalario en adultos. Métodos Estudio metodológico basado en las fases del procedimiento teórico realizado por medio de una scoping review, fase empírica llevada cabo a través de la validación de contenido del diseño telesimulado y fase analítica en la que se adoptó el índice de validez de contenido. Resultados Se elaboró un diseño para la atención de acuerdo con el protocolo de soporte vital básico que atravesó seis etapas: planificación, preparación, participación, teledebriefing, evaluación y feedback y aprendizaje adicional, con un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,96. Conclusión El diseño elaborado fue considerado válido en contenido para planificar y ejecutar la telesimulación por parte de enfermeros y además puede adaptarse a otros contextos educativos.

Abstract Objective To construct and validate a synchronous and observational telesimulation design in nursing for care according to in-hospital basic life support protocol for adults. Methods A methodological study based on the phases of the theoretical procedure carried out through a scoping review; empirical phase developed through the telesimulated design content validity and analytical phase in which the content validity index was adopted. Results A care design was constructed according to the basic life support protocol, going through six steps: planning, preparation, participation, teledebriefing, assessment and feedback and additional learning, with a Content Validity Index of 0.96. Conclusion The developed design was considered valid in content to plan and execute telesimulation by nursing and still be adapted to other educational contexts.

Construção e validação de cartilha educativa sobre suporte básico de vida para estudantes do ensino médio / Construction and validation of an educational booklet on basic life support for high school students / Construcción y validación de carpeta educativa sobre soporte vital básico para estudiantes de secundaria

O objetivo deste estudo é construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para estudantes do ensino médio sobre Suporte Básico de Vida nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, na segunda etapa procedeu-se a elaboração da cartilha educativa e por fim, a validação do material por especialistas. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a cartilha aborda as principais recomendações acerca da segurança do socorrista e suporte básico de vida no adulto e possui 14 páginas. Conclui-se que todos os itens da cartilha educativa obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,82 conseguindo a validação.

The objective of this study is to build and validate an educational booklet for high school students about Basic Life Support in schools. This is a methodological research, carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic review was carried out, in the second stage, the educational booklet was elaborated and, finally, the material was validated by specialists in the subject. Among the results, it is highlighted that the booklet addresses the main recommendations regarding rescuer safety and basic adult life support and has 14 pages. It was concluded that all items in the educational booklet had a content validity index greater than 0.82, achieving validation.

El objetivo de este estudio es construir y validar una cartilla educativa para estudiantes de secundaria sobre Soporte Vital Básico en las escuelas. Se trata de una investigación metodológica, realizada en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en la segunda etapa se elaboró la cartilla educativa y, finalmente, el material fue validado por especialistas en el tema. Entre los resultados, se destaca que la cartilla aborda las principales recomendaciones sobre seguridad del reanimador y soporte vital básico del adulto y tiene 14 páginas. Se concluyó que todos los ítems de la cartilla educativa tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,82, lográndose la validación.

Development validation and evaluation of the knowledge test on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and correct use of the automated external defibrillator in Asunción 2023 / Desarrollo validación y evaluación de la prueba de conocimientos sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso correcto del desfibrilador externo automático en Asunción 2023

Introduction: in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, early and efficient intervention through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers and the use of the automated external defibrillator (AED) are the cornerstone for survival. Instruments that improve education would increase the responsiveness of lay personnel. Objectives: to develop, validate and evaluate a knowledge test on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and correct use of the automated external defibrillator in Asunción during 2023. Methodology: observational cross-sectional study, non-probabilistic sample for convenience of lay personnel users of mass attendance centers in Asunción. An exclusive questionnaire was developed on knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of the automated external defibrillator (KOR-AED) based on the chain of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Content, construct, and internal consistency were validated using expert opinion, factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: a total of 200 lay people participated, mostly shopping mall customers, with a predominance of men (63.5 %) (127), between 25-29 years old 28.5% (57). 61.5 % (123) had a university education, 75.5 % (151) had not related to health, 52 % (104) had prior knowledge of CPR, but 81.5 % (163) did not. The test showed reliability and suitability for factor analysis (Cronbach's alpha 0.75, Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin; 0.78, Bartlett p<0.05). The questions covered the first three links in the chain of survival, with items of medium to high difficulty. Women performed significantly better (p=0.04). Conclusion: the KOR-AED test is a valid and reliable instrument to improve the education of the layperson in CPR and use of the AED based on the chain of survival.

Introducción: en la parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria la actuación precoz y eficiente mediante maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) y uso del desfibrilador externo automático (DEA) constituyen la piedra angular para la supervivencia. Instrumentos que mejoren la educación aumentarían la respuesta del personal lego. Objetivos: desarrollar, validar y evaluar una prueba de conocimientos sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso correcto del desfibrilador externo automático en Asunción durante el 2023. Metodología: estudio observacional corte transversal, muestro no probabilístico por conveniencia de personal lego usuarios de centros de concurrencia masiva de Asunción. Se desarrolló un cuestionario exclusivo sobre conocimientos en reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso del desfibrilador externo automático (COR-DEA) basado en la cadena de supervivencia en parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria. Se validó el contenido, el constructo y la consistencia interna mediante la opinión de experto, análisis de factores y el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: participaron 200 legos mayormente clientes de shoppings, predominando hombres 63,5 % (127) entre 25-29 años 28,5 % (57). Con educación universitaria 61,5 % (123), no relacionados con la salud 75,5 % (151), con conocimientos previos en RCP 52 % (104), pero no en DEA 81,5 % (163). El test mostró fiabilidad y adecuación para análisis factorial (Alfa de Cronbach 0.75, Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin; 0.78, Bartlett p<0.05). Las preguntas abarcarón los tres primeros eslabones de la cadena de supervivencia, con ítems de dificultad media a alta. Las mujeres tuvieron significativamente mejor desempeñó (p=0.04). Conclusión: la prueba COR-DEA es un instrumento válido y fiable para mejorar la educación del lego en RCP y uso del DEA basado en la cadena de supervivencia.

Development validation and evaluation of the knowledge test on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and correct use of the automated external defibrillator in Asunción 2023

Introduction: in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, early and efficient intervention through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers and the use of the automated external defibrillator (AED) are the cornerstone for survival. Instruments that improve education would increase the responsiveness of lay personnel. Objectives: to develop, validate and evaluate a knowledge test on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and correct use of the automated external defibrillator in Asunción during 2023. Methodology: observational cross-sectional study, non-probabilistic sample for convenience of lay personnel users of mass attendance centers in Asunción. An exclusive questionnaire was developed on knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of the automated external defibrillator (KOR-AED) based on the chain of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Content, construct, and internal consistency were validated using expert opinion, factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: a total of 200 lay people participated, mostly shopping mall customers, with a predominance of men (63.5 %) (127), between 25-29 years old 28.5% (57). 61.5 % (123) had a university education, 75.5 % (151) had not related to health, 52 % (104) had prior knowledge of CPR, but 81.5 % (163) did not. The test showed reliability and suitability for factor analysis (Cronbach's alpha 0.75, Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin; 0.78, Bartlett p<0.05). The questions covered the first three links in the chain of survival, with items of medium to high difficulty. Women performed significantly better (p=0.04). Conclusion: the KOR-AED test is a valid and reliable instrument to improve the education of the layperson in CPR and use of the AED based on the chain of survival.

Introducción: en la parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria la actuación precoz y eficiente mediante maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) y uso del desfibrilador externo automático (DEA) constituyen la piedra angular para la supervivencia. Instrumentos que mejoren la educación aumentarían la respuesta del personal lego. Objetivos: desarrollar, validar y evaluar una prueba de conocimientos sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso correcto del desfibrilador externo automático en Asunción durante el 2023. Metodología: estudio observacional corte transversal, muestro no probabilístico por conveniencia de personal lego usuarios de centros de concurrencia masiva de Asunción. Se desarrolló un cuestionario exclusivo sobre conocimientos en reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso del desfibrilador externo automático (COR-DEA) basado en la cadena de supervivencia en parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria. Se validó el contenido, el constructo y la consistencia interna mediante la opinión de experto, análisis de factores y el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: participaron 200 legos mayormente clientes de shoppings, predominando hombres 63,5 % (127) entre 25-29 años 28,5 % (57). Con educación universitaria 61,5 % (123), no relacionados con la salud 75,5 % (151), con conocimientos previos en RCP 52 % (104), pero no en DEA 81,5 % (163). El test mostró fiabilidad y adecuación para análisis factorial (Alfa de Cronbach 0.75, Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin; 0.78, Bartlett p<0.05). Las preguntas abarcarón los tres primeros eslabones de la cadena de supervivencia, con ítems de dificultad media a alta. Las mujeres tuvieron significativamente mejor desempeñó (p=0.04). Conclusión: la prueba COR-DEA es un instrumento válido y fiable para mejorar la educación del lego en RCP y uso del DEA basado en la cadena de supervivencia.

Avaliação da eficiência dos diferentes métodos de ensino de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar para crianças e adolescentes: revisão integrativa / Evaluation of the efficiency of the different methods of teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation to children and adolescents: integrative review

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficiência dos diferentes métodos de ensino de Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) para estudantes leigos a partir dos 12 anos de idade. Métodos: Realizou-se busca por artigos nas plataformas MEDLINE/PubMed e Lilacs/BVS, entre dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, para responder à questão norteadora "Qual a efetividade dos diferentes métodos de ensino de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar para crianças e adolescentes?". Incluíram-se artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados: Sete artigos abordaram os métodos de ensino: aprendizagem autorregulada, treinamento dos professores seguido dos estudantes, educação em pares; ensino online associado ao autotreinamento prático, ensino à distância, treinamento digital somado à prática, e uso de aplicativo por meio de um tabletcom posterior avaliação. Em todos os estudos houve comparação da intervenção com o treinamento convencional. De forma geral, todos os métodos de ensino contribuíram para desenvolver a habilidade de agir em situações de trauma, mas as estratégias que envolviam a presença de instrutores nos treinamentos mostraram melhores resultados, a curto e longo prazo. Conclusão: O presente estudo verificou os achados na literatura a respeito da eficácia de diferentes métodos de ensino de SBV para crianças e adolescentes. Dentre todas as abordagens observou-se melhor desempenho nos métodos que contaram com a presença de instrutores, os quais ofertaram feedback aos alunos e diminuíram as distrações. Porém, o ensino digital, o autorregulado e o aos pares também se mostraram viáveis. Logo, a escolha do método deve se pautar na realidade do público-alvo

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of different teaching methods of Basic Life Support for lay students from 12 years of age.Methods: A search was carried out for articles on the MEDLINE/PubMed and Lilacs/BVS platforms between December 2021 and January 2022 to answer the guiding question, "How effective are the different teaching methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for children and adolescents?".Articles published in English and Portuguese in the last five years were included.Results: Seven articles addressed teaching methods: self-regulated learning, training of teachers followed by students, peer education, online teaching associated with practical self-training, distance learning, digital training added to practice, and application use through a tablet with subsequent evaluation.In all studies, there was a comparison between intervention and conventional training.Generally, all teaching methods contributed to developing the ability to act in trauma situations, but strategies that involved the presence of instructors in training showed better short- and long-term results.Conclusion: this study verified the findings in the literature regarding the effectiveness of different BLS teaching methods for children and adolescents.Among all approaches, better performance was observed in methods that had the presence of instructors, who offered feedback to students and reduced distractions. However, digital, self-r egulated, and peer teaching also proved viable.Therefore, the choice of method should be based on the target audience's reality

Validação de ferramentas pedagógicas: subsídio para o ensino híbrido da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal / Validación de herramientas pedagógicas: subsidio para la enseñanza híbrida de reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal / Validation of pedagogical tools: subsidy for hybrid teaching of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objetivo: desenvolver e validar instrumentos de aprendizagem e avaliação voltados para o ensino híbrido da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal. Métodos: pesquisa aplicada, de produção tecnológica e validação de ferramentas pedagógicas com 13 experts por meio de First-order Agreement Coefficient. Resultados: desenvolveu-se o script e storyboard de uma videoaula com cinco módulos e um vídeo de simulação sobre um cenário clínico de atendimento da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal, além de um questionário de vinte perguntas para avaliação do conhecimento cognitivo e um Exame Clínico Objetivo Estruturado com cinco estações para análise das habilidades psicomotoras. Todos os constructos obtiveram índice de concordância interavaliadores quase perfeita. Conclusão: esta pesquisa disponibilizou ferramentas pedagógicas validadas e fundamentadas em evidências científicas sobre a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal que sustentam o ensino híbrido e adoção da simulação clínica baseada em vídeo

Objective: To develop and validate learning and assessment tools for hybrid teaching of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: An applied research for technological production and validation of pedagogical tools was conducted with 13 experts using First-order Agreement Coefficient. Results: A script and storyboard for a five-module video class and a simulation video on a clinical scenario of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation care were developed, as well as a twenty-question questionnaire to assess cognitive knowledge and a five-station Clinical Examination Objective Structured to analyze psychomotor skills. All constructs had an almost perfect inter-rater agreement index. Conclusion: This study provides evidence-based validated pedagogical tools for neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which support hybrid teaching and the adoption of video-based clinical simulation.

Objetivo: desarrollar y validar herramientas de aprendizaje y evaluación dirigidas a la enseñanza híbrida de la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal. Métodos: investigación aplicada, de producción tecnológica y validación de herramientas pedagógicas con 13 expertos mediante el First-order Agreement Coefficient. Resultados: se desarrolló un guion y storyboard para una clase de video con cinco módulos y un video de simulación sobre un escenario de reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, un cuestionario de veinte preguntas para el conocimiento cognitivo y un Examen Clínico Estructurado con cinco estaciones para el análisis de las habilidades psicomotoras. Los constructos tenían un índice de acuerdo entre evaluadores casi perfecto. Conclusión: esta investigación permite disponer de herramientas pedagógicas validadas y basadas en evidencia científica sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal, que apoyan enseñanza híbrida y adopción de simulación clínica basada en video.

Construção e validação de cenário clínico e checklist para avaliação de competências na reanimação cardiopulmonar / Construction and validation of a clinical scenario and checklist for assessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills / Construcción y validación de un escenario clínico y lista de control para evaluar las competencias en reanimación cardiopulmonar

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar cenário simulado e checklist para avaliação de habilidades no atendimento do paciente hemodinamicamente instável com evolução à Parada Cardiorrespiratória; e testar aplicabilidade à população-alvo, avaliando habilidades e satisfação/autoconfiança com a aprendizagem. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas (desenvolvimento do cenário e checklist, validação por juízes e teste-piloto) no período entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2021, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram 14 juízes e 24 estudantes de enfermagem. Resultados: o cenário e checklist alcançaram Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 90. As habilidades foram desenvolvidas adequadamente, com média 4,71 ± 0,24 na escala de satisfação-autoconfiança, e 4,83 ± 0,25 para design da simulação. Conclusão: o cenário poderá contribuir para: aperfeiçoar as atividades educativas na graduação e educação em saúde; e subsidiar estudos futuros, a fim de ampliar a qualidade do atendimento e da assistência ao paciente hemodinamicamente instável com evolução à parada cardiorrespiratória.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate a simulated scenario and checklist to assess skills in the care of hemodynamically unstable patients with evolution to Cardiorespiratory Arrest, and to test applicability to the target population, assessing skills and satisfaction/self-confidence with learning. Method: methodological study carried out in three stages (development of the scenario and checklist, validation by judges and pilot test) between April 2020 and September 2021, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fourteen judges and 24 nursing students participated. Results: the scenario and checklist achieved a Content Validity Coefficient greater than 90. The skills were adequately developed, with a mean of 4.71 ± 0.24 on the satisfaction-self-confidence scale, and 4.83 ± 0.25 for simulation design. Conclusion: The scenario may contribute to improving educational activities in undergraduate and health education and subsidize future studies to increase the quality of care and assistance to hemodynamically unstable patients with evolution to cardiac arrest.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar un escenario simulado y una lista de verificación para evaluar las habilidades en la atención de pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con evolución a Parada Cardiorrespiratoria; y probar la aplicabilidad a la población objetivo, evaluando las habilidades y la satisfacción/autoconfianza con el aprendizaje. Método: estudio metodológico realizado en tres etapas (desarrollo del escenario y lista de verificación, validación por jueces y prueba piloto) entre abril de 2020 y septiembre de 2021, en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaron 14 jueces y 24 estudiantes de enfermería. Resultados: el escenario y la lista de verificación alcanzaron un Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido superior a 90. Las habilidades se desarrollaron adecuadamente, con una media de 4,71 ± 0,24 en la escala de satisfacción-autoconfianza, y de 4,83 ± 0,25 para el diseño de la simulación. Conclusión: el escenario puede contribuir a: mejorar las actividades educativas de pregrado y formación sanitaria; y subvencionar futuros estudios para aumentar la calidad de la atención y asistencia a pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con evolución a parada cardiaca.

Tecnologias educacionais sobre suporte básico de vida para adolescentes: protocolo de scoping review / Educational technologies on basic life support for adolescents: scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: mapear as produções sobre tecnologias educacionais construídas para ensinar suporte básico de vida para adolescentes. MÉTODO: Protocolo de revisão de escopo conduzido a partir da metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. Os achados serão reportados utilizando a extensão do checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. O protocolo está na Open Science Framework. A questão norteadora foi elaborada com base no mnemônico PCC: População (adolescentes), Conceito (tecnologias educacionais) e Contexto (suporte básico de vida). Serão utilizadas três bases via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e quatro bases via Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Dois revisores independentes selecionarão os artigos usando os programas EndNote® e Rayyan®, obedecendo critérios de elegibilidade. O Google Scholar e as referências dos estudos primários serão consultados como estratégias adicionais. Os resultados serão apresentados em quadros, fluxograma e discussão narrativa.

OBJECTIVE: to map the productions about educational technologies built to teach basic life support for adolescents. METHOD: Scope review protocol conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Findings will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist extension. The protocol is in the Open Science Framework. The guiding question was elaborated based on the PCC acronym: Population (adolescents), Concept (educational technologies) and Context (basic life support). Three databases will be used via Virtual Health Library and four databases via the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Two independent reviewers will select the articles using the EndNote® and Rayyan® programs, obeying eligibility criteria. Google Scholar and references from primary studies will be consulted as additional strategies. The results will be presented in tables, flowchart and narrative discussion.

O Uso de um Ventilador Mecânico Portátil na Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar é Viável, Melhora os Parâmetros Respiratórios e Previne a Redução da Complacência Pulmonar Dinâmica / Use of a Portable Mechanical Ventilator during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is Feasible, Improves Respiratory Parameters, and Prevents the Decrease of Dynamic Lung Compliance

Resumo Fundamentos Para ventilação prática e protetora durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP), desenvolveu-se um ventilador mecânico (VLP2000E) de 150 gramas que limita o pico de pressão inspiratória (PPI) durante ventilação e compressões torácicas simultâneas. Objetivos Avaliar a viabilidade da ventilação com VLP2000E durante RCP e comparar os parâmetros monitorados versus ventilação com bolsa-válvula. Métodos Estudo experimental randomizado com 10 porcos intubados por grupo. Após sete minutos de fibrilação ventricular, iniciaram-se ciclos de RCP de 2 minutos. Todos os animais foram ventilados com VLP2000E após o retorno da circulação espontânea (RCE). Resultados Os grupos bolsa-válvula e VLP2000E apresentaram taxa de RCE (60% vs. 50%, respectivamente) e saturação arterial de oxigênio similares na maioria dos ciclos de RCP, volume corrente basal diferente [0,764 (0,068) vs. 0,591 (0,123) L, p = 0,0309, respectivamente] e, em 14 ciclos, diferentes PPI [52 (9) vs. 39 (5) cm H2O, respectivamente], volume corrente [0,635 (0,172) vs. 0,306 (0,129) L], ETCO2 [14 (8) vs. 27 (9) mm Hg], e pico de fluxo inspiratório [0,878 (0,234) vs. 0,533 (0,105) L/s], todos p < 0,0001. A complacência pulmonar dinâmica (≥ 0,025 L/cm H2O) diminuiu após o RCE no grupo bolsa-válvula, mas se manteve no grupo VLP2000E [ 0,019 (0,006) vs. 0,024 (0,008) L/cm H2O, p = 0,0003]. Conclusões Ventilação com VLP2000E durante RCP é viável e equivalente a ventilação com bolsa-válvula quanto à taxa de RCE e saturação arterial de oxigênio. Esse ventilador produz melhores parâmetros respiratórios, com pressão das vias aéreas e volume corrente menores. Ventilação com VLP2000E também previne a redução significante da complacência pulmonar dinâmica observada após ventilação com bolsa-válvula. Seria interessante realizar mais estudos pré-clínicos para confirmar esses resultados.

Abstract Background For practical and protective ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a 150-grams mechanical ventilator (VLP2000E) that limits peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) during simultaneous ventilation with chest compressions was developed. Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of VLP2000E ventilation during CPR and to compare monitored parameters versus bag-valve ventilation. Methods A randomized experimental study with 10 intubated pigs per group. After seven minutes of ventricular fibrillation, 2-minute CPR cycles were delivered. All animals were placed on VLP2000E after achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results Bag-valve and VLP2000E groups had similar ROSC rate (60% vs. 50%, respectively) and arterial oxygen saturation in most CPR cycles, different baseline tidal volume [0.764 (0.068) vs. 0.591 (0.123) L, p = 0.0309, respectively] and, in 14 cycles, different PIP [52 (9) vs. 39 (5) cm H2O, respectively], tidal volume [0.635 (0.172) vs. 0.306 (0.129) L], ETCO2[14 (8) vs. 27 (9) mm Hg], and peak inspiratory flow [0.878 (0.234) vs. 0.533 (0.105) L/s], all p < 0.0001. Dynamic lung compliance (≥ 0.025 L/cm H2O) decreased after ROSC in bag-valve group but was maintained in VLP2000E group [0.019 (0.006) vs. 0.024 (0.008) L/cm H2O, p = 0.0003]. Conclusions VLP2000E ventilation during CPR is feasible and equivalent to bag-valve ventilation in ROSC rate and arterial oxygen saturation. It produces better respiratory parameters, with lower airway pressure and tidal volume. VLP2000E ventilation also prevents the significant decrease of dynamic lung compliance observed after bag-valve ventilation. Further preclinical studies confirming these findings would be interesting.

Efeito de uma capacitação em reanimação cardiopulmonar no conhecimento, satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem de enfermeiros: estudo quase-experimental / Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on knowledge, satisfaction and self-confidence in learning of nurses: a quasi-experimental study / Efecto del entrenamiento en reanimación cardiopulmonar sobre el conocimiento, la satisfacción y la autoconfianza en el aprendizaje de enfermeros: un estudio cuasi experimental

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de uma capacitação que associa abordagem teórica com simulação clínica em reanimação cardiopulmonar no conhecimento, satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem de enfermeiros. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, realizado com enfermeiros de um hospital terciário, por meio de capacitação teórica e simulação clínica de reanimação cardiopulmonar. Antes e após a capacitação foram aplicados questionários; a Escala de Satisfação do Estudante e Autoconfiança na Aprendizagem foi aplicada após a capacitação. Resultados: participaram 31 enfermeiros, 90,32% eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 33,93 anos (DP = 9,02). A média de acertos no questionário pré-teste foi 8,90 (DP ± 1,95) e a média de acertos pós-teste foi de 11,58 (DP ± 1,26; p < 0,001). Quanto à satisfação e autoconfiança a média geral foi 4,51 (DP ± 0,10). Conclusão: a intervenção educativa utilizada para capacitação, que associa abordagem teórica e simulação clínica em reanimação cardiopulmonar promove melhora do conhecimento dos enfermeiros em suporte básico e avançado de vida, satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of a training that combines a theoretical approach with clinical simulation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the knowledge, satisfaction and self-confidence in learning of nurses. Methods:quasi-experimental study conducted with nurses from a tertiary hospital, through theoretical training and clinical simulation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Questionnaires were applied before and after the training; the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning was applied after training. Results:thirty-one nurses participated, 90.32% were female, mean age of 33.93 years (SD = 9,02). The mean number of correct answers in the pre-test questionnaire was 8.90 (SD ± 1.95) and after the test it was 11.58 (SD ± 1.26; p < 0.001). As for satisfaction and self-confidence, the overall average was 4.51 (SD ± 0.10). Conclusion: the educational intervention used in training, which combines a theoretical approach and clinical simulation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, improves nurses' knowledge of basic and advanced life support, satisfaction and self-confidence in learning.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un entrenamiento que combina un enfoque teórico con simulación clínica en reanimación cardiopulmonar sobre el conocimiento, la satisfacción y la autoconfianza en el aprendizaje de los enfermeros. Métodos: estudio cuasi experimental realizado con enfermeros de un hospital de tercer nivel, mediante entrenamiento teórico y simulación clínica de reanimación cardiopulmonar. Se aplicaron cuestionarios antes y después de la capacitación; después del entrenamiento se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción y Autoconfianza del Estudiante en el Aprendizaje. Resultados: participaron 31 enfermeros, 90,32% del sexo femenino, edad media de 33,93 años (DE = 9,02). La media de aciertos en el cuestionario pretest fue de 8,90 (DE ± 1,95) y después del test fue de 11,58 (DE ±1,26; p < 0,001). En cuanto a la satisfacción y autoconfianza, la media global fue de 4,51 (DE ± 0,10). Conclusión: la intervención educativa utilizada para la formación, que combina el enfoque teórico y la simulación clínica en reanimación cardiopulmonar, mejora el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre el soporte vital básico y avanzado, la satisfacción y la autoconfianza en el aprendizaje.

Elaboration of an educational video for cardiopulmonary resuscitation with chest compressions in adults / Elaboración de un video educativo para reanimación cardiopulmonar con compresiones torácicas en adultos / Elaboração de vídeo educativo para reanimação cardiopulmonar com compressões torácicas em adultos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and analyze the face and content validity of a storyboard for constructing an educational video for training laypersons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation with only chest compressions in adults. Methods: a methodological study of storyboard elaboration and validity for producing an educational health video. The storyboard was submitted to analysis of 20 judges to assess its adequacy with the proposed objective. To assess the agreement between judges, the Content Validity Index was calculated. After validating the storyboard, video production took place. Results: the Content Validity Index met expectations. Its mean in each group was ≥ 0.90 (lay judges = 0.97; expert judges = 0.90; all judges = 0.94). Conclusions: the video produced is composed of scientific information, professional expertise and laypersons' perceptions, making it important evidence for health education.

RESUMEN Objetivos: elaborar y analizar la validez de apariencia y contenido de un storyboard para la construcción de un video educativo para la formación de legos en reanimación cardiopulmonar con solo compresiones torácicas en adultos. Métodos: estudio metodológico de la elaboración y validación de un storyboard para la producción de un video educativo en salud. El storyboard fue sometido al análisis de 20 jueces, para evaluar su adecuación al objetivo propuesto. Para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Después de validar el guión gráfico, se produjo el video. Resultados: el Índice de Validez de Contenido obtenido cumplió con las expectativas. Su promedio en cada grupo fue ≥ 0,90 (jueces legos = 0,97; jueces expertos = 0,90; todos los jueces = 0,94). Conclusiones: el video producido está compuesto por información científica, experiencia profesional y percepciones de los legos, lo que lo convierte en evidencia importante para la educación en salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e analisar a validade de face e de conteúdo de um storyboard para a construção de um vídeo educativo para treinamento de leigos em reanimação cardiopulmonar somente com compressões torácicas em adultos. Métodos: estudo metodológico de elaboração e validação de um storyboard para a produção de um vídeo educativo em saúde. O storyboard foi submetido à análise de 20 juízes, para avaliação de sua adequação com objetivo proposto. Para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes, calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Após a validação do storyboard, ocorreu a produção do vídeo. Resultados: o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo obtido atendeu ao esperado. A média dele em cada grupo esteve ≥ 0,90 (juízes leigos = 0,97; juízes experts = 0,90; todos os juízes = 0,94). Conclusões: o vídeo produzido é composto por informações científicas, expertise profissional e percepções de leigos, tornando-se importante evidência para a educação em saúde.

Métricas de los artículos sobre temas del programa de la especialidad de anestesiología y reanimación publicados en revistas científicas estudiantiles cubanas / The Metrics of Articles about Topics Related to the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Specialty Program Published in Cuban Student Scientific Journals

Introducción: Las revistas científicas estudiantiles en Cuba potencian la investigación científica en el pregrado, su incremento ha planteado la necesidad de utilizar la bibliometría para analizar la producción sobre un área en específico. Objetivo: Describir algunas métricas de los artículos sobre temas relacionados con el programa de la especialidad de anestesiología y reanimación en revistas científicas estudiantiles cubanas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico de diseño observacional, descriptivo en artículos publicados en revistas científicas estudiantiles cubanas en el período comprendido de enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2022, en sus números regulares. Se analizaron 11 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: De los 11 artículos analizados, un 45,45 % fueron publicados en el año 2022, la mayoría en la revista Universidad Médica Pinareña. Predominó la autoría múltiple (63,64 %), la redacción en idioma español (100 %) y la tipología de artículo original (81,82 %). El sexo masculino se destacó en el primer autor (81,82 %) y la procedencia de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río (63,64 %). El promedio del índice de Price fue 0,72; la revista Universidad Médica Pinareña reportó el mayor valor. El mayor número de citas en un artículo fue 4. Conclusiones: El estudio muestra que las publicaciones de investigaciones sobre temas relacionados con el programa de la especialidad de Anestesiología y Reanimación en revistas científicas estudiantiles, y otras variables bibliométricas, son favorables.

Introduction: Student scientific journals in Cuba foster undergraduate scientific research; their increase has raised the need to use bibliometrics to analyze the production on a specific area. Objective: To describe some metrics of articles on topics related to the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation specialty program Cuban student scientific journals. Methods: A bibliometric study of observational and descriptive design was carried out on articles published in Cuban student scientific journals in the period from January 2018 to December 2022, in their regular issues. Eleven articles that met the selection criteria were analyzed. Results: Eleven articles were analyzed, 45.45 % of which were published in the year 2022, while most of them were published in Universidad Médica Pinareña journal. Multiple authorship predominated (63.64 %), together with writing in Spanish (100 %) and the original article typology (81.82 %). The first author was mostly male (81.82 %) and the most represented origin was Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río (63.64 %). The average Price index was 0.72; Universidad Médica Pinareña journal reported the highest value. The highest number of citations in an article was 4. Conclusions: The publication of topics related to the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation specialty program in Cuban student scientific journals is increasing. The typology preferred by authors is the original article, while there is a tendency towards multiple authorship.

Impact of resuscitation training program on neonatal outcomes in a region of high socioeconomic vulnerability in Brazil: an interventional study

Abstract Objectives: This pre/post-intervention study aimed to evaluate neonatal outcomes after the implementation of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics. Method: This interventional study was conducted across five secondary healthcare regions that supported 62 cities in the southwestern mesoregion of Piauí. It included 431 healthcare professionals responsible for neonatal care in the study region. The participants were trained in neonatal resuscitation through the Neonatal Resuscitation Program of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics. Delivery room structuring, healthcare professionals' knowledge, and neonatal care outcomes were analyzed immediately before and after intervention and after 12 months between February 2018 and March 2019, and healthcare professionals were evaluated. Results: Training was conducted for over 106 courses. As a participant could take multiple courses, 700 training sessions were conducted. Regarding delivery room structuring, the acquisition of materials required for resuscitation increased from 28.4 to 80.6% immediately after the intervention and to 83.3% after 12 months. Knowledge retention was significant in the post-training period, with a 95.5% approval rate, and knowledge acquisition was satisfactory after 12 months. The number of newborns transferred during the study period increased significantly. A 72.6% reduction in mortality at birth was recorded, and 479 newborns were resuscitated. Conclusion: Following the implementation of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, structural improvements in delivery rooms, adequate knowledge retention regarding neonatal resuscitation, and a consequent reduction in neonatal mortality were observed.

Abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a scoping review / Compresiones abdominales durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar: una revisión de alcance / Compressões abdominais durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the scientific evidence on the use of abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest. Methods: this is a scoping review based on the question: "What is the evidence regarding the use of abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest?". Publications up to August 2022 were collected from eight databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Results: seventeen publications were included. The identified general population consisted of adults and elderly individuals. The primary outcome revealed significant rates of return of spontaneous circulation. Secondary outcomes indicated a significant improvement in heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and other outcomes. Conclusions: abdominal compressions have been shown to be beneficial. However, further clinical studies are needed to identify the best execution method and its impacts.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear la evidencia científica sobre el uso de compresiones abdominales durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con paro cardíaco. Métodos: esta es una revisión de alcance basada en la pregunta: "¿Cuál es la evidencia con respecto al uso de compresiones abdominales durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con paro cardíaco?". Se recopilaron publicaciones hasta agosto de 2022 de ocho bases de datos. Se utilizó la extensión de Informes Preferidos para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis para Revisiones de Alcance. Resultados: se incluyeron diecisiete publicaciones. La población general identificada estaba compuesta por adultos y personas mayores. El resultado primario reveló tasas significativas de retorno de la circulación espontánea. Los resultados secundarios indicaron una mejora significativa en la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la saturación de oxígeno y otros resultados. Conclusiones: las compresiones abdominales han demostrado ser beneficiosas. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios clínicos para identificar el mejor método de ejecución y sus impactos.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear as evidências científicas sobre o uso de compressões abdominais durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar em pacientes com parada cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, baseada na questão: "quais são as evidências sobre o uso de compressões abdominais durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar em pacientes com parada cardiorrespiratória?". Foram coletadas as publicações até agosto de 2022 em oito bases de dados. Foi utilizado o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: incluiu-se 17 publicações. O público geral identificado foi composto por adultos e idosos. O desfecho primário evidenciou taxas significativas de retorno da circulação espontânea. Os desfechos secundários indicaram melhora significativa na frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, saturação de oxigênio e outros resultados. Conclusões: as compressões abdominais mostraram-se benéficas. No entanto, mais estudos clínicos são necessários para identificar o melhor método de execução e seus impactos.

Reanimación cardiopulmonar y cerebral durante el embarazo. Revisión narrativa / Cardiopulmonary and brain resuscitation during pregnancy. Narrative review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La reanimación cardiopulmonar representa el 1 a 2% de los ingresos a las unidades de cuidados intensivos. En 2018, 17.4 por cada 1000 pacientes embarazadas de Estados Unidos requirieron reanimación cardiopulmonar e ingreso a unidades de cuidados intensivos, con mortalidad del 52% posterior al primer día de puerperio. OBJETIVO: Aportar conceptos indispensables de reanimación cardiopulmonar, causas de paro cardiaco materno y difundir algoritmos de atención y respuesta luego de la activación de un código para probable cesárea de urgencia en los cuatro minutos posteriores al paro cardiorrespiratorio, en casos sin retorno a la circulación espontánea. Esto con la finalidad de aumentar la calidad de atención de salud y disminuir los índices de mortalidad materna. METODOLOGÍA: Primera etapa: búsqueda en PubMed de artículos con antigüedad no mayor a cinco años, publicados en inglés o español, Guías de Práctica Clínica de Perinatología Clínica, revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis. Segunda etapa: algoritmo de búsqueda ("cardiopulmonary resuscitation "[MeSH-Terms] AND "pregnancy" [MeSH-Terms]) AND ((y_5[Filter]) AND (systemati creview[Filter]) AND (english [Filter]) OR spanish [Filter])). RESULTADOS: Se reunieron 35 artículos o páginas web de los que se seleccionaron 19, incluidos 3 libros de texto relacionados con el tema y 3 páginas web gubernamentales. Además, se analizaron otros artículos para complementar el conocimiento del tema. CONCLUSIONES: El reconocimiento del colapso materno y la oportuna respuesta del personal de salud permitirán una reanimación cardiopulmonar de alta calidad; por esto debe fomentarse la capacitación al personal de salud.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation accounts for 1% to 2% of intensive care unit admissions. In 2018, 17.4 per 1000 US pregnant patients requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation were admitted to intensive care units, with mortality of 52% after the first postpartum day. OBJECTIVE: To provide essential concepts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, causes of maternal cardiac arrest and to disseminate algorithms of care and response after activation of a code for probable emergency cesarean section within four minutes after cardiorespiratory arrest, in case of failure to return to spontaneous circulation. The aim is to increase the quality of health care and reduce maternal mortality rates. METHODOLOGY: First stage: search in PubMed of articles not older than five years, published in English or Spanish, Clinical Practice Guidelines of Clinical Perinatology, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Second stage: search algorithm ("cardiopulmonary resuscitation "[MeSH-Terms] AND "pregnancy" [MeSH-Terms]) AND ((y_5[Filter]) AND (systematic creview[Filter]) AND (english [Filter]) OR spanish [Filter])). RESULTS: Thirty-five articles or web pages were collected from which 19 were selected, including 3 textbooks related to the topic and 3 governmental web pages. In addition, other articles were analyzed to complement knowledge of the topic. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of maternal collapse and timely response by health care personnel will enable high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation; therefore, training of health care personnel should be encouraged.

Reanimación cardiopulmocerebral en la carrera Medicina: diferencias entre los planes de estudios D y E / Cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation in the Medicine career: differences between study plans D and E

Fundamento: la reanimación cardiopulmocerebral básica está presente como curso propio en los planes de estudios "D" y "E" de la carrera de Medicina; aunque en ambos la organización del proceso tiene sus particularidades. Objetivo: precisar las diferencias en cuanto a estructura, proceso docente y resultados académicos en la enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmocerebral básica, entre los planes de estudios "D" y "E" de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en los años 2017 y 2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Para comparar resultados se utilizó el universo estudiantil en ambos años, para evaluar satisfacción y calidad una muestra aleatoria simple. Se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Para ambos cursos se utilizó similar escenario y claustro de profesores. Resultados: las diferencias entre ambos planes derivan de los componentes no personales del proceso docente; el plan "D" tiene 20 horas y el "E" 40, con lo cual se amplían sus contenidos. Todos los temas y objetivos del plan "D" estuvieron incluidos en el "E". Hubo similitud en las promociones general (80.4 % y 75.2 %) y de calidad (50.6 % y 53.1 %) en ambos años. El cumplimiento de las expectativas, satisfacción y calidad del proceso fue valorado de muy alto y alto (más 98 %) por los estudiantes en ambos cursos. Conclusiones: aunque existieron diferencias en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje entre ambos planes, no hubo repercusión en la satisfacción de los estudiantes, calidad del proceso docente, ni los resultados académicos. La variante del plan "E" es más integral para la formación básica del apoyo vital.

Background: basic cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation is present as its own course in the "D" and "E" study plans of the Medicine career; although in both the organization of the process has its particularities. Objective: to specify the differences in terms of structure, teaching process and academic results in the teaching of basic cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, between the "D" and "E" study plans of the Medicine career. Methods: a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out at Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2019. Theoretical and empirical methods were used. To compare results, the student universe was used in both years, to evaluate satisfaction and quality a simple random sample. Descriptive statistical techniques were used. For both courses, a similar scenario and faculty were used. Results: the differences between both plans derive from the non-personal components of the teaching process; plan "D" has 20 hours and plan "E" 40, which expands its contents. All the topics and objectives of plan "D" were included in plan "E". There was similarity in the general (80.4% and 75.2%) and quality (50.6% and 53.1%) school grades in both years. The fulfillment of the expectations, satisfaction and quality of the process was valued as very high and high (more than 98%) by the students in both courses. Conclusions: although there were differences in the teaching-learning process between both plans, there was no impact on student satisfaction, quality of the teaching process, or academic results. The "E" plan variant is more comprehensive for basic life support training.

Educational technologies devised to teach basic life support to adolescents: a scoping review / Ecnologías educacitivas elaboradas para enseñar soporte vital básico a adolescentes: revisión de alcance / Tecnologias educacionais elaboradas para ensinar suporte básico de vida ao adolescente: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the educational technologies devised to teach Basic Life Support to adolescents. Method: a scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and carried out between May and November 2022, in seven databases and Google Scholar, to answer the following question: "Which are the educational technologies devised/used about Basic Life Support for adolescents?". By means of inclusion/exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers selected the articles resorting to the EndNote® and Rayyan® software programs. Forms adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used for data extraction and methodological analysis. The data were reported by means of the PRISMA-ScR checklist extension and the protocol of this study is published in: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P87SV. Results: a total of 34 articles were selected, which were organized into six categories of educational technologies: 1) Audiovisual; 2) Computational; 3) Learning kits; 4) Mobile devices; 5) Printed material; and 6) Manufactured. This topic has appeared in publications since 1975, especially in medical journals, mainly by European and North American authors. The materials included were 16 experimental and 18 quasi-experimental trials, of varied methodological quality levels and predominantly conducted with High School students. Conclusion: the educational technologies mapped were as follows: videos, films, Digital Versatile Disc, images, music, audiovisual narratives, games, virtual reality/avatar, web courses, computational software, computer and smartphone apps, task cards and manikins (including manufactured ones). Although there are countless educational technologies on Basic Life Support for adolescents, they have not allowed achieving good levels of practical skills, mainly when they propose to teach ventilation to lay people.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear las tecnologías educativas elaboradas para enseñar Soporte Vital Básico a adolescentes. Método: revisión de alcance, realizada conforme a la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute entre mayo y noviembre de 2022, en siete bases de datos y en Google Académico para responder la siguiente pregunta: "¿Cuáles son las tecnologías educativas elaboradas/utilizadas sobre Soporte Vital Básico dirigidas al público adolescente?". Mediante criterios de inclusión/exclusión, dos revisores independientes seleccionaron los artículos usando los programas EndNote® y Rayyan®. Se emplearon formularios adaptados del Joanna Briggs Institute para la extracción de datos y el análisis metodológico. Los datos se reportaron por medio de la extensión de la checklist PRISMA-ScR y el protocolo de este estudio está publicado en: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P87SV. Resultados: se seleccionaron 34 artículos, que fueron organizados en seis categorías de tecnologías educativas, a saber: 1) Audiovisuales; 2) Informáticas; 3) Kits de aprendizaje; 4) Dispositivos móviles; 5) Materiales impresos; y 6) Fabricadas. Este tema ha sido objeto de publicaciones desde 1975, especialmente en revistas especializadas en Medicina, y principalmente con autores europeos y norteamericanos. Se incluyeron 16 ensayos experimentales y 18 cuasiexperimentales, de calidad metodológica variable y mayoritariamente realizados con estudiantes de nivel medio. Conclusión: las tecnologías educativas que se mapearon fueron las siguientes: videos, películas, Digital Versatile Disc, imágenes, música, narrativas audiovisuales, juegos, realidad virtual/avatar, cursos web, software de computación, apps para computadoras y smartphones, fichas de tareas y maniquíes (incluyendo los fabricados). Aunque se dispone de innumerables tecnologías educativas sobre Suporte Vital Básico para adolescentes, no ha permitido lograr buenos niveles de habilidades prácticas, principalmente cuando se proponen enseñar ventilación a personas comunes.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear as tecnologias educacionais elaboradas para ensinar suporte básico de vida ao adolescente. Método: revisão de escopo, conduzida conforme metodologia Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada entre maio e novembro de 2022, em sete bases de dados e no Google Scholar para responder à pergunta: "Quais as tecnologias educacionais elaboradas/utilizadas sobre suporte básico de vida para adolescentes?". Dois revisores independentes selecionaram, mediante critérios de inclusão/exclusão, os artigos usando os programas EndNote® e Rayyan®. Utilizou-se formulários adaptados da Joanna Briggs para extração e análise metodológica. Os dados foram reportados pela extensão do checklist PRISMA-ScR e o protocolo deste estudo está publicado em: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P87SV. Resultados: selecionou-se 34 artigos, os quais foram organizados em seis categorias de tecnologias educacionais: 1) Audiovisuais; 2) Computacionais; 3) Kits de aprendizagem; 4) Dispositivos móveis; 5) Material Impresso; e 6) Manufaturadas. Este tema é publicado desde 1975, sobretudo por revistas médicas, cujos autores são principalmente europeus e norte-americanos. Foram incluídos 16 ensaios experimentais e 18 quase-experimentais, de qualidade metodológica variável, realizados, predominantemente, com estudantes de nível médio. Conclusão: as tecnologias educacionais mapeadas foram: vídeos, filmes, Digital Versatile Disc, imagens, músicas, narrativas audiovisuais, jogos, realidade virtual/avatar, web cursos, software computacional, aplicativos para computador e smartphone, cartões de tarefa e manequins (incluído os manufaturados). Embora haja inúmeras tecnologias educacionais sobre Suporte Básico de Vida para adolescentes, estas não têm proporcionado o alcance de bons níveis de habilidade práticas, principalmente quando se propõem a ensinar ventilação para leigos.