Effect of lacteal products containing probiotic in the progression of tooth decay around orthodontic brackets

Objective: To evaluate the progression of caries around orthodontic brackets after the enamel has been exposed to lacteal products containing probiotics. Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the enamel surfaces. The test specimens were randomly divided into six groups: G1-negative control; G2-positive control, exposed to culture environment only (without microorganisms); G3-exposed to the cariogenic environment and the fermented cow's milk without probiotic; G4-exposed to the cariogenic environment and fermented cow's milk with probiotic; G5-exposed to the cariogenic environment and yogurt without probiotic; and G6-exposed to the cariogenic environment and yogurt with probiotic. The groups were placed in brain heart infusion medium, supplemented with 2% sucrose and with 1x106 cells/ml of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC). The Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, Student t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Results: all groups exposed to the ATCC strains showed lower final microhardness, compared to the negative control (p0.05). Conclusions: Lacteal products are not able to prevent the progression of caries around orthodontic brackets.

Microbiota of dental caries in primary teeth of a Costa Rican Child population / Microbiota de la caries dental en piezas primarias de una población infantil costarricense

Abstract The objective of this research was to identify bacteria present in the microbiota of dentinal carious lesions in primary molars of some Costa Rican pediatric patients. Data were collected from 15 children aged between 4 and 8 years old who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry from the University of Costa Rica (UCR). The inclusion criteria were: infants between 4 and 8 years old who presented cavitated carious lesions in primary teeth, who were actively attended by students at the Faculty of Dentistry from the UCR, and whose parents or legal guardians signed the informed consent to participate in this research. Samples were taken using a sterile spoon, placed in storage vials, and subjected to various conventional and molecular microbial identification techniques, such as Gram stain identification, catalase tests, oxidase, TSI, API 20E, API STAPH, and VITEK 2. Of the 60 bacterial strains subjected to Gram staining, the following was obtained: 28 Gram-positive bacteria and 32 Gram-negative bacteria. The main isolated organisms were species of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pasteurella pneumotropica/Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea spp, and Streptococcus mutans.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las bacterias presentes en la microbiota de lesiones cariosas dentinales en molares primarias de pacientes pediátricos costarricenses. Las muestras fueron recolectadas de 15 niños entre los 4 y 8 años que fueron atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes entre los 4 y los 8 años de edad que presentaran lesiones cariosas cavitadas en dientes primarios, que se encuentraran activos para su atención por estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCR, y que los padres o encargados legales firmaran el consentimiento informado para participar en esta investigación. Las muestras se tomaron utilizando una cuchareta estéril, colocándolas en viales de almacenamiento y fueron sometidas a diversas técnicas de identificación microbiana convencionales y moleculares tales como: identificación por Tinción de Gram, pruebas catalasa, oxidasa, TSI, API 20E, API STAPH y VITEK. De las 60 cepas bacterianas sometidas a tinción de Gram se obtuvo: 28 bacterias Gram Positivas y 32 bacterias Gram Negativas. Los principales organismos aislados fueron: especies de Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pasteurella pneumotropica/ Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea spp y Streptococcus mutans.

Percepción parental de calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral en niños de 6 a 10 años

Introducción: La caries es una de las enfermedades crónicas que más afecta a la humanidad, los niños son un grupo de alto riesgo de presentarla. La Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud Oral (CVRSO) se refiere a la percepción de las condiciones bucales de uno mismo y la manera en que los factores afectados impactan el bienestar y desempeño en las actividades diarias, el desarrollo de indicadores de esta se ve limitado por el nivel cognitivo de los niños, lo que genera el P-CPQ para determinar la percepción parental. Objetivo: determinar la percepción parental de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de los niños de 6 a 10 años. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con componente analítico. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta a 98 padres, el P-CPQ modificado que consta de 23 preguntas que abarcan las subescalas de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales, bienestar emocional y bienestar social. Resultados: Relacionando los resultados del cuestionario con la presencia de caries en dientes permanentes se reportó el aumento de caries con la edad; el sexo femenino predominó entre los participantes con caries siendo el 63,8%. La puntuación media fue de 13,6 (DE=13,1). Se presentó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la percepción parental de CVRSO de los niños y la presencia de caries dental en dientes permanentes (p=0,004). Conclusiones: Se concluyó que la presencia de caries en dientes permanentes en niños de 6 a 10 años puede disminuir significativamente la CVRSO en las dimensiones de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales y bienestar social.

Introduction: Caries is one of the chronic diseases that most affects humanity; children are a high-risk group for developing it. Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) refers to the perception of one's own oral conditions and the way in which the affected factors impact well-being and performance in daily activities. The development of indicators of this is limited by the cognitive level of the children, which led to the P-CPQ to determine parental perception. Objective: to determine the parental perception of the quality of life related to the oral health of children from 6 to 10 years old. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and observational study with an analytical component. A survey of 98 parents was conducted, using the modified P-CPQ which consists of 23 questions covering the subscales of oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Results: Relating the results of the questionnaire with the presence of cavities in permanent teeth, an increase in cavities with age was reported; the female sex predominated among the participants with cavities, being 63.8%. The mean score was 13.6 (SD=13.1). There was a statistically significant association between parental perception of children's OHRQL and the presence of dental caries in permanent teeth (p=0.004). Conclusions: The presence of caries in permanent teeth in children aged 6 to 10 years can significantly reduce OHRQLin the dimensions of oral symptoms, functional limitations and social well-being.

Infiltração resinosa em lesões brancas cariosas e não cariosas: relato de casos / Infiltración resinosa em lesiones blancas cariosas y no cariosas: Reporte de Casos / Resinous infiltration in carious and non-carious white lesions: Case Reports

Introdução: O processo de desmineralização proveniente da cárie leva à formação de manchas brancas que são a primeira manifestação visível da doença. Os infiltrantes resinosos surgem como uma alternativa para o tratamento dessas lesões não cavitadas, pois sãoresinas de baixa viscosidade e faz parte dos procedimentos que visam uma odontologia menos invasiva. Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva relatar a experiência clínica no uso de infiltrante resinoso, Icon, em lesões de mancha branca de etiologias cariosa e não cariosa em dois pacientes distintos, insatisfeitos com a estética do seu sorriso. Descrição do caso: Ao exame clínico foi observado nos pacientes com lesões brancas. No primeiro paciente, de 14 anos, verificou-se a presença da atividade de cárie e micro cavitações. Dessa forma, o plano de tratamento perpassou orientação de higiene oral supervisionada, aplicação de verniz fluoretado, Enamelast, semanal, adequação do meio com restaurações em resina, e só então o uso do infiltrante. A segunda paciente, de 11 anos, já possuía saúde bucal adequada e tinha queixa estética devido à lesão branca não cariosa, hipoplasia, cujo plano de tratamento foi à utilização do Icon apenas. Conclusões: Nos dois casos obteve-se melhoria estética considerável com este procedimento microinvasivo. Melhoria na saúde bucal, aliado à devolução da estética, pode ser observada com o uso de infiltrantes resinosos (AU).

Introduction: The process of demineralization resulting from caries leads to the formation of white spots that are the first visible manifestation of the disease. Resin infiltrants appear as an alternative for the treatment of these non-cavitated lesions, since they are low viscosity resins and are part of the procedures that aim at a less invasive dentistry.Objective:This study aims to report the clinical experience in the use of a resin infiltrant, Icon,in white spot lesions of carious and non-carious etiologies in two different patients who were dissatisfied with the esthetics of their smiles.Methodology: On clinical examination, white lesions were observed in both patients. In the first patient,14 years old,the presence of caries activity and micro cavitations was verified. Thus, the treatment plan included supervised oral hygiene guidance, weekly application of fluoride varnish,Enamelast, adaptation of the environment with resin restorations, and, onlythen, the use of the infiltrant, Icon. The second patient, 11 years old,already had adequate oral health and had an esthetic complaint due to a non-carious white lesion, hypoplasia, whose treatment plan consisted of the use of Icon only.Conclusions:In both cases considerable esthetic improvement was obtained with this microinvasive procedure. Improvement in oral health, combined with the return of esthetics, can be observed with the use of resin infiltrants (AU).

Introducción: El proceso de desmineralización resultante de la caries conduce a la formación de manchas blancas, que son la primera manifestación visible de la enfermedad. Losinfiltrantes de resina aparecen como una alternativa para el tratamiento de estas lesiones no cavitadas, pues se tratan de resinas de baja viscosidad y forman parte de los procedimientos que buscan una odontología menos invasiva. Objetivo:Este estudio tiene como objetivo relatar la experiencia clínica en el uso del infiltrante de resina,Iconen lesiones de mancha blanca de etiologías cariosas y no cariosas en dos pacientes diferentes, insatisfechos con la estética de sus sonrisas.Metodología: En el examen clínico se observaron lesiones blancas en ambos pacientes. En el primer paciente, 14 añosse verificó la presencia de actividad de caries y micro cavitaciones. De ese modo, el plan de tratamiento incluyó la orientación supervisada de la higiene bucal,la aplicación semanal de barniz de flúor (Enamelast), la adaptación del entorno con restauraciones de resina y, sólo después, el uso del infiltrante,Icon. La segunda paciente, 11 años,ya tenía una salud bucal adecuada y presentaba una queja estética debido a una lesión blanca no cariosa, hipoplasia, cuyo plan de tratamiento fue el uso exclusivo de Icon. Conclusiones: En ambos casos, se consiguió una mejora estética considerable con este procedimiento microinvasivo. La mejora de la salud bucal, unida a la recuperación de la estética, puede observarse con el uso de infiltrantes de resina (AU).

Control de la biopelícula con materiales bioactivos en pacientes adolescentes: reporte de caso / Biofilm control with bioactive materials in adolescents' patients: case report

El objetivo del artículo es reportar el desempeño clínico en el control y disminución de la placa bacteriana en pacientes adolescentes mediante un gel y barniz con partículas S-PRG. Se realizaron tratamientos con materiales bioactivos con tecnología GIOMER en 2 pacientes. En el primer caso se realizó una profilaxis con Pro Care Gel (S-PRG) en un paciente de 15 años con problemas neuromotores para eliminar la placa y posteriormente, se aplicó un barniz con partículas de S-PRG para prevenir la formación de biofilm. En el segundo caso, un adolescente de 15 años normoreactivo con inflamación gingival recibió el tratamiento profilaxis con PRG Pro Care Gel.Se observó una disminución de placa bacteriana tras la profilaxis con el gel Pro Care y la aplicación del barniz en el primer caso. Además, existió una baja incidencia de biofilm incluso después de 11 meses de la aplicación del barniz. En el segundo caso, a las 2 horas de aplicación, se observó una disminución total de la placa. Clínicamente se observó el bueno desempeño clínico de los materiales con partículas de S-PRG, como lo demuestra la literatura científica en cuanto a la reducción de la formación de placa bacteriana en las estructuras dentarias, la desinflamación gingival, proporciona bienestar a los pacientes y restaura la salud bucal de forma menos invasiva.

The objective of the article is to report the clinical performance in the control and reduction of bacterial plaque in adolescent patients using a gel and varnish with S-PRG particles. Treatments with bioactive materials with GIOMER technology were performed in two patients. In the first case, prophylaxis was performed with Pro Care Gel (S-PRG) in a 15-year-old patient with neuromotor problems to eliminate plaque and subsequently, a varnish with S-PRG particles was applied to prevent biofilm formation. In the second case, a normal 15-year-old adolescent with gingival inflammation received prophylaxis treatment with PRG Pro Care Gel. A decrease in bacterial plaque was observed after prophylaxis with the Pro Care gel and the application of the varnish in the first case. Furthermore, there was a low incidence of biofilm even after 11 months of varnish application. In the second case, after 2 hours of application, a total decrease in plaque was observed. The good clinical performance of materials with S-PRG particles was clinically perceived, as demonstrated by the scientific literature in terms of reducing the formation of bacterial plaque in dental structures, gingival disinflammation, providing well-being to patients and restoring oral health in a less invasive way.

Study on the role of nano antibacterial materials in orthodontics (a review) / Estudo sobre o papel dos materiais nanoantibacterianos na ortodontia

Nanoparticles (NPs) are insoluble particles with a diameter of fewer than 100 nanometers. Two main methods have been utilized in orthodontic therapy to avoid microbial adherence or enamel demineralization. Certain NPs are included in orthodontic adhesives or acrylic resins (fluorohydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, SiO2, TiO2, silver, nanofillers), and NPs (i.e., a thin layer of nitrogen-doped TiO2 on the bracket surfaces) are coated on the surfaces of orthodontic equipment. Although using NPs in orthodontics may open up modern facilities, prior research looked at antibacterial or physical characteristics for a limited period of time, ranging from one day to several weeks, and the limits of in vitro studies must be understood. The long-term effectiveness of nanotechnology-based orthodontic materials has not yet been conclusively confirmed and needs further study, as well as potential safety concerns (toxic effects) associated with NP size.

Nanopartículas (NPs) são partículas insolúveis com diâmetro inferior a 100 nanômetros. Dois métodos principais têm sido utilizados na terapia ortodôntica para evitar a aderência microbiana ou a desmineralização do esmalte: NPs são incluídas em adesivos ortodônticos ou resinas acrílicas (fluoro-hidroxiapatita, fluorapatita, hidroxiapatita, SiO2, TiO2, prata, nanopreenchimentos) e NPs são revestidas nas superfícies de equipamentos ortodônticos, ou seja, uma camada fina de TiO2 dopado com nitrogênio nas superfícies do braquete. Embora o uso de NPs em ortodontia possa tornar acessível modernos recursos, pesquisas anteriores analisaram as características antibacterianas ou físicas por um período limitado de tempo, variando de 24 horas a várias semanas, por isso devem ser compreendidos os limites dos estudos in vitro. A eficácia de longo prazo de materiais ortodônticos com base em nanotecnologia ainda não foi confirmada de forma conclusiva, o que exige mais estudos, bem como potenciais preocupações de segurança (efeitos tóxicos) associadas ao tamanho da NP.

Study on the role of nano antibacterial materials in orthodontics (a review)

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) are insoluble particles with a diameter of fewer than 100 nanometers. Two main methods have been utilized in orthodontic therapy to avoid microbial adherence or enamel demineralization. Certain NPs are included in orthodontic adhesives or acrylic resins (fluorohydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, SiO2, TiO2, silver, nanofillers), and NPs (i.e., a thin layer of nitrogen-doped TiO2 on the bracket surfaces) are coated on the surfaces of orthodontic equipment. Although using NPs in orthodontics may open up modern facilities, prior research looked at antibacterial or physical characteristics for a limited period of time, ranging from one day to several weeks, and the limits of in vitro studies must be understood. The long-term effectiveness of nanotechnology-based orthodontic materials has not yet been conclusively confirmed and needs further study, as well as potential safety concerns (toxic effects) associated with NP size.

Resumo Nanopartículas (NPs) são partículas insolúveis com diâmetro inferior a 100 nanômetros. Dois métodos principais têm sido utilizados na terapia ortodôntica para evitar a aderência microbiana ou a desmineralização do esmalte: NPs são incluídas em adesivos ortodônticos ou resinas acrílicas (fluoro-hidroxiapatita, fluorapatita, hidroxiapatita, SiO2, TiO2, prata, nanopreenchimentos) e NPs são revestidas nas superfícies de equipamentos ortodônticos, ou seja, uma camada fina de TiO2 dopado com nitrogênio nas superfícies do braquete. Embora o uso de NPs em ortodontia possa tornar acessível modernos recursos, pesquisas anteriores analisaram as características antibacterianas ou físicas por um período limitado de tempo, variando de 24 horas a várias semanas, por isso devem ser compreendidos os limites dos estudos in vitro. A eficácia de longo prazo de materiais ortodônticos com base em nanotecnologia ainda não foi confirmada de forma conclusiva, o que exige mais estudos, bem como potenciais preocupações de segurança (efeitos tóxicos) associadas ao tamanho da NP.

Hábitos alimentarios y caries de la primera infancia en una población uruguaya: estudio piloto

Objetivo: conocer la relación entre el perfil de consumo de alimentos (frecuencia y tipo) con la prevalencia, extensión y distribución de las lesiones de caries en niños de 18-35 meses de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay. Material y método: se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 50 niños, de ambos sexos. Los padres respondieron a un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, hábitos alimenticios e higiene bucal. Dos examinadoras calibradas registraron las lesiones de caries de acuerdo al criterio ICDAS-epi, índice de placa visible e índice PUFA. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos para caries dental y dieta (tipo de alimento, incorporación y frecuencia). Resultados: los niños examinados presentaban una edad promedio de 26,6±5,9 meses. La prevalencia de caries fue de 34%, con una extensión de 2,3 y 4,3 para ceo-d y ceo-s, respectivamente. Mayoritariamente se observaron lesiones severas, no tratadas, en el sector anterosuperior y posteroinferior. El índice PUFA fue de 8%. El 30% consumía leche materna, 54% leche con azúcar y el 100% consumía diariamente bebidas azucaradas no lácteas y alimentos azucarados antes de los 11 meses de vida. Los niños que consumían bebidas azucaradas (no lácteas) en biberón presentaron mayor extensión y severidad de las lesiones de caries (ceo-d modificado = 3,5 y ceo-s modificado = 7,8). Conclusiones: el conocimiento de los patrones de alimentación en la primera infancia necesitan ser profundizados. La población estudiada mostró la temprana incorporación de azúcar a la dieta, alertando sobre la presencia de un factor de riesgo común a diversas enfermedades no transmisibles (caries, diabetes, obesidad, enfermedades cardiovasculares).

Summary: Objective: to learn the relation between the food consumption profile (frequency and type) and the prevalence, extension and distribution of cavity lesions in children of 18-35 months of age from the city of Montevideo, Uruguay. Material y Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 50 children, of both sexes. Parents answered a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic data, eating habits and oral hygiene. Two examiners recorded caries lesions on each tooth surface according to ICDAS-epi criteria, visible plaque index and PUFA index. Descriptive analysis of the variables were performed. The diet analysis considered food type, incorporation time and frequency through percentages. Results: children examined had an average age of 26.6 ± 5.9 months of age. The cavity prevalence was 34%, with an extension of 2.3 and 4.3 for ceo-d and ceo-s respectively. For the most part, severe untreated injuries were observed located in the anterior superior and posterior-inferior sector. The PUFA index was 8%. 30% consumed breast milk, 54% milk with sugar, 100% consumed beverages and sugary foods, mostly before 11 months and daily. Children who consumed sugary drinks (non-milk) in a bottle presented greater extent and severity of cavity lesions (ceo-d modificated= 3.5 and ceo-s modificated = 7.8). Conclusions: we need to deepen our knowledge of feeding patterns in early childhood. The population studied showed the early incorporation of sugar into the diet, warning about the presence of a common risk factor for various non-communicable diseases (cavities, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases).

Objetivo: conhecer a relação entre o perfil de consumo alimentar (frequência e tipo) com a prevalência, extensão e distribuição das lesões de cárie em crianças de 18-35 meses da cidade de Montevidéu, Uruguai. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal em 50 crianças, de ambos os sexos. Os pais responderam a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, hábitos alimentares e higiene bucal. Dois examinadores calibrados registraram lesões de cárie em cada superfície dentária de acordo com os critérios ICDAS-epi, índice de placa visível e índice de PUFA. Foi realizada análise descritiva das variáveis. A análise da dieta considerou o tipo de alimento, o tempo de incorporação e a frequência por meio de porcentagens. Resultados: as crianças examinadas tinham idade média de 26,6 ± 5,9 meses. A prevalência de cárie foi de 34%, com extensão de 2,3 e 4,3 para ceo-d e ceo-s respectivamente. Em sua maioria, lesões graves não tratadas foram observadas localizadas no setor anterossuperior e póstero-inferior. O índice PUFA foi de 8%. 30% consumiam leite materno, 54% leite com açúcar, 100% consumiram bebidas e alimentos açucarados antes dos 11 meses e diariamente. Crianças que consumiram bebidas açucaradas (não lácteos) em mamadeira apresentaram maior extensão e gravidade das lesões de cárie (ceo-d = 3,5 e ceo-s = 7,8). Conclusões: o conhecimento dos padrões de alimentação na primeira infância precisa ser aprofundado. A população estudada mostrou a incorporação precoce do açúcar na dieta, alertando para a presença de um fator de risco comum para diversas doenças não transmissíveis (cárie, diabetes, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares).

Inhibition of incipient caries lesion progression by different fluoridated varnishes

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of different fluoridated varnishes to inhibit the progression of incipient caries lesions after cariogenic challenge. Seventy-five enamel specimens of bovine teeth were prepared and selected based on the initial surface microhardness (SMH). The specimens were first subjected to artificial demineralization (in buffer solution) after which SMH was re-analyzed (SM1). They were then randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1- CONTROL (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®) (n=15). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and the specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for eight days. The SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were then analyzed (SM2). The fluoride and calcium ion concentrations in the solution were analyzed by the indirect method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by Student's t-test, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer, or Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn tests for individual comparisons (p˂0.05). All varnishes led to significantly higher surface and subsurface remineralization compared with the control group but did not differ from each other. The varnishes with the highest fluoride release were: PROFL and CLIN, followed by MI VAR and DUR. The varnishes with significantly higher release of calcium were: DUR, CLIN, and PROFL. In conclusion, all commercial fluoridated varnishes tested have good potential to inhibit the progression of demineralization, regardless of the ion release mechanisms.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o potencial de diferentes vernizes fluoretados em inibir a progressão de lesões de cárie incipientes. Setenta e cinco espécimes de esmalte de dentes bovinos foram preparados e selecionados com base na microdureza superficial inicial (MDS/SM). Os espécimes foram submetidos à desmineralização artificial (em solução de Buskes), sendo então a MDS (SM1) reanalisada. Foram então distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos experimentais: 1- CONTROLE (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®). Os vernizes foram aplicados em camada fina e os espécimes foram então submetidos à ciclagem de pH por oito dias. A MDS final (SM2) e a microdureza transversal (CSMH) foram então analisadas. As concentrações de flúor e íons cálcio em solução foram analisadas pelo método indireto e espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T de Student, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer ou testes de Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn para comparações individuais (p˂0,05). Todos os vernizes levaram a uma remineralização superficial e subsuperficial significativamente maior em comparação com o grupo controle, não diferindo significativamente entre si. Os vernizes com maior liberação de flúor foram: PROFL e CLIN, seguidos de MI VAR e DUR. Os vernizes com liberação significativamente maior de cálcio foram: DUR, CLIN e PROFL. Pôde-se concluir que todos os vernizes fluoretados comerciais testados apresentam bom potencial de inibição da progressão da desmineralização, independentemente dos mecanismos de liberação de íons.

Research interest on dental sealant in dentistry based on the 100 most cited articles: bibliometric analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles about dental sealants (DS) in dentistry. In September 2023, a search was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) database. The following information was extracted from each article: number and density of citations, year of publication, authorship, journal, impact factor, keywords, study design, theme, continent, country, and institution. The citations of the WoS-CC were compared with those of the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative networks. The number of citations ranged from 33 to 205. The articles were published between 1961 and 2016. Buonocore MG (7%) was the most prominent author among the most cited. The Journal of the American Dental Association was the most frequent journal (25%) and Journal of Dental Research (7.6) had the highest impact factor. Most studies had interventional (41%) and laboratory (31%) designs, mainly addressing DS effectiveness in the prevention and control of dental caries (86%). There was a predominance of publications from North America (46%) and the USA was the country with the highest number of articles (44%). The most frequent institutions were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the University of Rochester (USA) (6% each). "Retention" was the most frequent keyword. In conclusion, the 100 most cited articles were mostly interventional and laboratory studies, addressing the retention and efficacy of DS. Most of the articles were concentrated in North America and Europe, demonstrating a little collaboration from other continents.

The action of microbial collagenases in dentinal matrix degradation in root caries and potential strategies for its management: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review

Abstract Conventional views associate microbial biofilm with demineralization in root caries (RC) onset, while research on their collagenases role in the breakdown of collagen matrix has been sporadically developed, primarily in vitro. Recent discoveries, however, reveal proteolytic bacteria enrichment, specially Porphyromonas and other periodontitis-associated bacteria in subgingivally extended lesions, suggesting a potential role in RC by the catabolism of dentin organic matrix. Moreover, genes encoding proteases and bacterial collagenases, including the U32 family collagenases, were found to be overexpressed in both coronal and root dentinal caries. Despite these advancements, to prove microbial collagenolytic proteases' definitive role in RC remains a significant challenge. A more thorough investigation is warranted to explore the potential of anti-collagenolytic agents in modulating biofilm metabolic processes or inhibiting/reducing the size of RC lesions. Prospective treatments targeting collagenases and promoting biomodification through collagen fibril cross-linking show promise for RC prevention and management. However, these studies are currently in the in vitro phase, necessitating additional research to translate findings into clinical applications. This is a comprehensive state-of-the-art review aimed to explore contributing factors to the formation of RC lesions, particularly focusing on collagen degradation in root tissues by microbial collagenases.

Profile of Dental Caries in Eastern and Western Parakanã Children at Amazônia Paraense, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children from 18 months to 5 years of age in eastern (near urban centers) and western (far from urban centers) Parakanã, verify the influence of proximity to non-indigenous cultures, and compare with other ethnicities and non-indigenous. Material and Methods: The universe of children was examined by one researcher in a cross-sectional study. Descriptive analysis and the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) were performed. Results: It was observed that 68.8% (N = 53) of children from 18 to 36 months of age presented dmft = 0 (without caries), while 12.5% (N = 6) of children of five years of age presented this condition. For children between 18 and 36 months, the average dmft values were 0.74 (SD=1.91) for eastern children and 1.25 (SD=1.65) for western children. At five years of age, the average dmft values were 4.35 (SD=3.29) and 3.75 (SD=2.05) for eastern and western, respectively. Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) showed no difference between East and Western children. When compared with non-indigenous Brazilian children, the values behaved similarly. Conclusion: Knowledge of the epidemiological profile of dental caries in Indigenous Parakanã children is relevant both in planning oral health actions for this population and for aggregating information, which is still scarce for Indigenous.

Clinical Findings Arising from the Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride to Prevent or Treat Caries Lesions and Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Data Mining Analysis

Abstract Objective: To summarize data of clinical trials that used silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to prevent and treat caries lesions and dentinal hypersensitivity. Material and Methods: Six electronic databases were searched in May 2022. The concentration of SDF, type of usage (alone/combined), dentition, anterior/posterior teeth, tooth region, dental tissue, number of the treated surfaces, the intervention environment, participants' age, frequency and duration of SDF application, purpose, and outcome were the extracted variables. The type of study, year of publication, authors, journals, and country were also investigated. Results: From 8860 articles, S3 were selected. Most were randomized (n=38), that applied 38% SDF (n=43), alone (n=44), on multiple surfaces (n=44), only in dentin (n=36), of the crown (n=46) of anterior and posterior (n=36) primary teeth (n=39). The studies were preferably carried out outside the clinic (n=3l), only in children (n=33), with reapplication of SDF (n=30), but did not inform the duration of application (n= 19). SDF was most used to treat (n=46) only caries lesions (n=50). They were published between 2001 and 2022, mainly in the Journal of Dentistry (n=10). China (n=19) and Lo E.GM (n=19) were the countries and authors that published the most, respectively. Conclusion: The silver diamine fluoride 38% alone was most used to treat caries lesions in the dentin of the crown of all primary teeth, preferably applied on multiple surfaces, requiring re application, and outside the clinic.

Early Childhood Caries in a Northeastern Brazilian Capital: Observations of Social Distinct Daycare Centers

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate factors associated with the experience of dental caries in children in early childhood in two socially distinct centers in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two socially distinct daycare centers (private and public). The children were assessed regarding their caries experience, and their parents/guardians were prepared regarding socioeconomic information, parents/guardians' habits, and children's habits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Association tests and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze independent variables and outcomes (type of daycare center and caries experience) using a p-value of 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 89 children aged up to 5 years of both sexes. The type of daycare center was associated with some socioeconomic data, such as family income (p<0.01) and parents' education (p=0.05). Data on oral hygiene and children's habits, such as breastfeeding, also remained associated with the type of daycare center. There was an association between income and DMFT (PR=8.48 - 95%CI 2.26;31.78). Conclusion: The socioeconomic profile of parents/guardians and breastfeeding were associated with the prevalence of caries in deciduous teeth in children aged 10 to 48 months.

Relationship Between Celiac Disease and Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between celiac disease and the prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents and also evaluate if dental enamel defects in celiac children predispose to dental caries. Material and Methods: Searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, and OpenGrey. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. DMFT/dmft and DMFS/dmfs data of observational studies that compared the prevalence of caries between children and adolescents with celiac disease and healthy individuals. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated using Cochran's Q test, and inconsistency was measured using I2 statistics. Results: Of the 121 studies retrieved, 17 were selected, and 12 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of caries in the primary dentition (dmft) did not differ between celiac patients and controls [SMD = -0.35; 95% CI (-0.83; 0.13); p = 0,15; I2 = 89%]. There was also no difference in the prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) between groups [SMD = -0.44; 95% CI (-1.02; 0.14); p = 0.14; I2 = 95%]. Conclusion: Celiac disease is not a determinant factor in the development of dental caries in children and adolescents compared to the control group.

Prevalencia y severidad de la caries dental en adolescentes

Introducción: La caries dental es una enfermedad multifactorial que prevalece durante la infancia y adolescencia. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia, severidad y gravedad de la caries dental en los adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en adolescentes pertenecientes al municipio Plaza de la Revolución, La Habana, Cuba, en el período de octubre de 2019 a octubre de 2022. La muestra que se empleó fue de tipo aleatoria estratificada de 969 adolescentes. Para medir la prevalencia de la caries se utilizó el COP-D, para la severidad y gravedad el sistema ICDAS. Los datos primarios se procesaron con los programas informáticos Statistica 6.1. Se realizó prueba de ji al cuadrado por el programa Epidat y los resultados se describieron mediante cifras frecuenciales y porcentuales. Resultados : El índice de COP-D fue de 1,92; en el grupo de 18-19 años el COP-D fue de 1,96. Con relación a la severidad de las caries, el 19,2 % presentó caries código 1; el grupo de 18-19 años mostró un 18,9 % de afectación por caries, relacionadas con la gravedad de las lesiones; los mayores porcentajes se presentaron en las lesiones leves con un 35,2 %. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la caries dental fue baja. El índice de COP-D ligeramente mayor en el grupo de 18-19 años. En cuanto a la severidad, predominaron las lesiones de caries código 1 y 2; las mayores proporciones fueron leves.

Introduction: Dental cavities is a multifactorial disease prevalent during childhood and adolescence. Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of dental cavities in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents belonging to the Plaza de la Revolución municipality, Havana, Cuba, in the period from October 2019 to October 2022. The sample used was a stratified random sample of 969 adolescents. The COP-D was used to measure the prevalence of cavities, and the ICDAS system was used for severity and severity. The primary data were processed with Statistica 6.1 software. The chi-square test was performed with the Epidat program and the results were described by frequency and percentage figures. Results: The COP-D index was 1.92; in the group aged 18-19 years the COP-D was 1.96. In relation to cavities severity, 19.2% presented code 1 cavities; the 18-19 years age group showed 18.9% cavities involvement, related to the severity of the lesions; the highest percentages were presented in mild lesions with 35.2%. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental cavities was low. The rate of COP-D was slightly higher in the 18-19 years age group. In terms of severity, cavities code 1 and 2 lesions predominated; the highest proportions were mild.

Assessment of Efficiency of Bioactive Glass, Self-Assembling Peptide, and Ozone Remineralising Agents on Artificial Carious Lesion

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy of bioactive glass, self-assembling peptide, and ozone-remineralizing agents on the artificial carious lesion. Material and Methods: On the extracted 60 premolar teeth, an artificial carious lesion/demineralization was created. Later, the remineralization of demineralized teeth was done with respective remineralizing agents (Group A: Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (bioactive glass), Group B: Self-assembling peptide, Group C: Ozone remineralizing agents and Group D (Control): De ionized water. The degree of demineralization and remineralization were evaluated using the Vickers Hardness Number. Results: There was a decrease in microhardness from baseline to demineralization in all the groups, and this reduction was found to be statistically considerable. After the remineralization of demineralized samples with respective remineralizing agents, there was an increase in microhardness of 312.38, 276.67, and 254.42 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. In contrast, in Group D, there were no changes. Conclusion: Bioactive glass and self-assembling peptides had higher remineralizing capacities, which can be used to treat early carious lesions.

Risk factors associated with occlusal caries in first permanent molars in a school program: longitudinal study

Aim: Evaluate the longitudinal status of dental caries in the occlusal surface of first permanent molars (FPM) and to identify risk factors for the progression to cavitated caries lesions in a school oral health program. Methods: Children who were enrolled in the program between September 2017 and October 2019, 5 to 10 years-old, presenting the four FPM were included. Four calibrated examiners assessed dental caries according to Nyvad criteria. Descriptive analysis included frequency, mean, and standard deviation calculations. Chi-square test was used in the bivariate analysis and, logistic regression adjusted for cluster effect was used to identify significant risk factors for cavity among the following independent variables: gender, age in the baseline, deft, upper/lower molar, initial caries score, Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), fluorosis, occlusal sealing. Odds ratio (OR) and respective confidence intervals (CI) are presented. Results: From 174 children enrolled in the program between 2017/2019, 120 were reevaluated in 2022. Eleven (2.6%) FPM in 11 children (9.2%) presented cavitated caries in the follow up examination. Significant risk factors for cavity were caries experience in the primary teeth (OR = 5.59; CI: 1.4 ­ 22.3) and the presence of MIH (OR = 5.33; CI: 1.6 ­ 18.1). Most of the active lesions in the follow up were considered active in the baseline examination. Conclusions: The progression to cavity was relatively low, significantly influenced by past caries experience and MIH

Influence of notebook computers screens and undergraduate level of dental students in the radiographic detection of carious lesions

Aim: To evaluate the influence of notebook computers screens and undergraduate level of dental students in the radiographic detection of carious lesions. Methods: Bitewing digital radiographs were presented to 3rd and 5th year dental students in three different notebooks computers: Notebook 1 with anti-glare screen (1366×768 pixels), Notebook 2 without anti-glare screen (1366×768 pixels), and Notebook 3 with anti-glare screen (1920×1080 pixels). A reference standard based on a consensus analysis was set by three senior professors of Oral Radiology and Cariology. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values were measured and submitted to two-way ANOVA at a significance level of 5%. Results: Notebook 2 provided significantly lower sensitivity values (Mean 56.5% ± 2.94) than notebook 3 (71.1% ± 2.82) (p = 0.002). We found no statistically significant differences between the two undergraduate years (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The anti-glare screen of notebook computers screens can influence the radiographic detection of carious lesions, but the undergraduate level of dental students does not influence this diagnostic task

Effect of composite radiopacity and margin location of the restoration on the diagnosis of secondary caries

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the radiopacity of a Bulk-Fill composite (X-TraFil, VOCO, Germany) and a Conventional composite (P60, 3M ESPE, USA) and assessment of the margin location in the enamel and dentin on the diagnosis of secondary caries. 76 intact premolars with MOD preparation were divided into two equal groups and filled with the conventional and bulk-fill composite. Four regions were considered to simulate carious lesions (two regions in enamel and two regions in dentin). In each group, half of the regions in the dentin and half in the enamel were randomly selected for secondary caries simulation and filled with a wax-plaster combination while the remaining regions stayed intact. Bitewing imaging was done using the PSP digital sensor. Five examiners reviewed the images, and lesions were recorded. Caries diagnosis indicators and paired-sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. The reproducibility and accuracy of the examiners' responses were evaluated using the kappa and agreement coefficient (α=0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing secondary carious lesions in enamel were significantly better under conventional than bulk-fill composite. Similarly, the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosing secondary caries in dentin were significantly higher under conventional composite than bulk-fill composite (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the agreement and kappa coefficient between conventional and bulk-fill composites in the enamel and dentin (p>0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of carious lesions was higher under conventional composite than bulk-fill composite. However, the location of the secondary was ineffective in caries diagnosis.

Resumo Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da radiopacidade de resina composta Bulk-Fill (X-TraFil, VOCO, Alemanha) e de resina composta convencional (P60, 3M ESPE, EUA) e a avaliação da localização da margem no esmalte e na dentina no diagnóstico de cárie secundária. 76 pré-molares intactos com preparo MOD foram divididos em dois grupos iguais e restaurados de acordo com o grupo experimental. Quatro regiões foram consideradas para simular lesões de cárie (duas regiões no esmalte e duas regiões na dentina). Em cada grupo, metade das regiões na dentina e metade no esmalte foram selecionadas aleatoriamente para a simulação de cárie secundária e preenchidas com uma combinação de cera e gesso, enquanto as regiões restantes permaneceram intactas. As imagens de bitewing foram feitas usando o sensor digital PSP. Cinco examinadores analisaram as imagens, e as lesões foram registradas. Os indicadores de diagnóstico de cárie e o teste t de amostra pareada foram usados para análise estatística. A reprodutibilidade e a precisão das respostas dos examinadores foram avaliadas usando o kappa e o coeficiente de concordância (α=0,05). A sensibilidade, a especificidade e a precisão do diagnóstico de lesões cariosas secundárias no esmalte foram significativamente melhores com a resina composta convencional do que com a resina composta bulk-fill. Da mesma forma, a sensibilidade e a precisão do diagnóstico de cáries secundárias na dentina foram significativamente maiores com a resina convencional do que com a resina bulk-fill (p<0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na concordância e no coeficiente kappa entre as resinas convencionais e bulk-fill no esmalte e na dentina (p>0,05). A precisão do diagnóstico de lesões cariosas foi maior com a resina composta convencional do que com a resina composta bulk-fill. Entretanto, a localização do secundário foi ineficaz no diagnóstico de cárie.