Application practice of drug clinical comprehensive evaluation thinking in management of temporary drug purchase in hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the construction of a new scientific management model for temporary drug purchase，and to provide a reference for hospitals to improve the level of rational drug use. METHODS Guided by clinical diagnosis and treatment needs and patient medication safety， our hospital carried out the whole process management practice of temporarily purchased drugs by optimizing the review process， creating a review team， formulating pre-audit and post follow-up evaluation standards based on comprehensive drug evaluation， and evaluated the practice effect through the number of temporary purchase applications， implementation rate， drug structure optimization and other indicators. RESULTS Since January 2021， our hospital had implemented a new mode of temporary drug purchase management. By December 2022， clinical pharmacists had reviewed 111 temporary drug procurement applications， effectively intercepted 13 irrational drug use applications （11.71%）， reduced the overall implementation rate of temporary drug procurement by 8.36%，and proposed five batches of drug structure optimization suggestions； 24 drugs were successively introduced such as camrelizumab，sorafenib，busulfan. After optimizing the management mode，the number of temporary drug procurement applications decreased by more than half from 133 in 2019 and 138 in 2020 to 66 in 2021 and 45 in 2022. CONCLUSIONS The model is helpful to optimize the hospital drug catalog， strengthen rational drug use，ensure the safety of patients’ drug use， and fully reflects the professional value of clinical pharmacists in hospital pharmacy management and rational drug use.

The extant fauna of Neuroptera (Insecta) from Brazil: diversity, distribution and history

ABSTRACT This survey presents an overall view of the order Neuroptera from Brazil. A total of 432 valid extant species of Neuroptera divided into ten families, are recorded from the country. Among the Brazilian fauna, 211 species are endemic (48.8%), with the majority belonging to two families: Chrysopidae with 182 species in 19 genera, and Myrmeleontidae with 88 species in 25 genera. The first species discovered from Brazil was Climaciella semihyalina (Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville), in 1825, by European authors. In fact, European authors entirely dominated the description of Brazilian Neuroptera during the 19th century. Father Longinos Navás from Spain authored the highest number of species described from Brazil, 98, followed by US-American Norman Penny, with 83 species. Sérgio de Freitas, a Brazilian researcher, ranks third, with a total of 50 species described. It was not until the 21st century that the study of neuropterans from Brazil was primarily led by Brazilian-born authors. Primary type specimens of species described from Brazil are predominantly deposited in non-Brazilian institutions (65.7%). The order Neuroptera is distributed across all Brazilian states, except for Alagoas. The two states with the highest neuropteran biodiversity are Amazonas and São Paulo, with 132 and 124 species, respectively. Among the Brazilian biomes, the Mata Atlântica is the most diverse region with 227 known species, followed by the Amazônia with 192 species. Data on immature stages of Neuroptera are scarce and known for only 47 species recorded from Brazil (10.9%).

Revision of the species of Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Pseudaletia) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Leucaniini) occurring in Brazil

ABSTRACT The genus Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 1816 groups aproximatelly 270 species worldwide. This genus is subdivided into many subgenera and species-groups, with those species occurring in the Neotropical region included in the subgenus Mythimna (Pseudaletia) Franclemont, 1951. Species of this subgenus frequently reach high population levels, causing economic damage to Poaceae cultivars. Hence, it is crucial a well-defined taxonomy allowing rapid and precise identifications. However, the species of this subgenus are cryptic, their recognition requires molecular analyses and in-depth morphological studies, which has often resulted in misidentifications. In Brazil, the occurrence of the following species had been mentioned: Mythimna (P.) adultera (Schaus, 1894), Mythimna (P.) roraimae Franclemont, 1951, Mythimna (P.) sequax Franclemont, 1951, and Mythimna (P.) unipuncta (Haworth, 1809). Yet, until now, we lack a broader knowledge about the geographic distribution and taxonomy of these species. Thus, this study aims to revise the taxonomy of those species based on morphological and molecular (COI) data to provide an updated comprehension of this group in the country. The analysis of 1,664 specimens allowed us to confirm the presence of three species in the country: Mythimna (P.) adultera, Mythimna (P.) sequax, and Mythimna (P.) unipuncta. A lectotype for Mythimna (P.) adultera is designated; a new synonym is proposed: Pseudaletia roraimae syn. nov. of Mythimna (P.) unipuncta; and a new species, Mythimna (P.) celiae sp. nov. is described from Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Una "araña pirata" (Araneae: Mimetidae) en el ámbar del mioceno temprano y actualización del listado de arañas fósiles para Chiapas, México / A "pirate spider" (Araneae: Mimetidae) in early miocene amber and updating the list of the fossil spider in Chiapas, Mexico

RESUMEN En busca de contribuir al conocimiento de la araneofauna fósil en Chiapas, México, se describe y fotografía una "araña pirata" (Araneae: Mimetidae) descubierta en una pieza de ámbar del municipio de Simojovel de Allende, con una edad de 23 millones de años (Ma). Esta familia fue citada anteriormente en el ámbar del Báltico, República Dominicana y la India. Al mismo tiempo, se actualiza el listado arañas fósiles en el ámbar de Chiapas, registrándose a la fecha 20 especies descritas. Subsecuentemente, este número podría aumentar, con la revisión de nuevo material.

ABSTRACT To contribute to the knowledge of the fossil spiders in Chiapas, Mexico, a "pirate spider" (Araneae: Mimetidae) is described and photographed in a piece of amber from the Municipality of Simojovel de Allende, with a geological age of 23 millions of years (My). This family was previously found in Baltic, Dominican and Indian amber. I present an updated list of fossil spiders for Chiapas amber, 20 described species have been registered. However, this number could increase, with the revision of new material.

Specimens inventory of Tabanidae (Diptera) of Entomological Collection of National Museum of Natural History - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / Inventário dos espécimes de Tabanidae (Diptera) da Coleção Entomológica do Museu de História Natural do Rio de Janeiro - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract: A checklist of tabanids of the Entomological Collection of National Museum of Natural History - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro is provide. A total of 5,325 specimens was examined of which 2,916 were found identified, belonging to 341 species, 42 genera e four varieties, collected from all continents since 1902. The currently taxa names were provided when possible, also currently localities of collections.

Resumo: Uma lista dos tabânidas da Coleção Entomológica do Museu Nacional de História Natural - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro é fornecida. Um total de 5.325 espécimes foi examinado, dos quais 2.916 se encontraram identificados, pertencentes a 341 espécies, 42 gêneros e quatro variedades, coletados em todos os continentes desde 1902. Os nomes atuais dos taxa foram fornecidos quando possível, assim como locais de coletas.

Analysis on the Medical Insurance Policy and Medical Insurance Catalog for Rare Diseases in China / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To explore the status quo and development suggestions of the availability of medical insurance for orphan drugs in China through the analysis of international,national and local rare disease drug use system and policy,and the species of orphan drugs in China's health insurance directory.Methods:The website of local government and the Chinese database were retrieved by computer,and the relevant policies and regulations of rare diseases and orphan drugs were obtained.The information of rare diseases and orphan drugs in National Basic Medical Insurance,Employment Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalog was systematically extracted.Results:There was no official definition of rare diseases and the official list of rare diseases in China.In recent years,with regard to the approval policy and measures of rare diseases and the R&D(research and development) of orphan drugs fully developed.In the medical security,many provinces and municipalities introduced the popular characteristics of local rare diseases and the implementation of the rare diseases protection policy,however,the whole policy of nation level was still blank.The edition of 2017 of the basic medical insurance,industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance drugs directory contained 53 kinds of orphan drugs,added 7 kinds compared to the version of 2009 version,an increase of 15.22％.17 kinds of rare diseases were covered,involving blood diseases,bone or cartilage diseases,congenital metabolic disorders,brain or nervous system diseases,immune system diseases,skin diseases,digestive systemn diseases,endocrine system diseases and other treatment fields.Compared with previous years,the new version of the medicare drug list of orphan drugs also increased the dosage form,of which class A had more types of formulations rather than class B.Conclusion:China's rare disease social security system policy focused on the field of R&D approval,medical security was dominated by local policy-based.The scope of orphan drugs in the new edition of national health insurance drug list was expanded,but the supporting policies needed to be improved.Therefore,the problem of rare disease social security system policy in China needed to be paid more attention.

Métodos, técnicas y constantes para la evaluación de los catálogos de acceso público en línea / Methods, techniques and constants for the evaluation of online public access catalogs

Examinar los métodos y técnicas utilizados en la evaluaciَn de los catلlogos de acceso pْblico en lيnea e identificar las constantes para su evaluaciَn. Métodos: se utilizَ el anلlisis documental para verificar dentro de la bibliografيa los estudios referidos a los métodos y técnicas utilizados en las evaluaciones de los catلlogos de acceso pْblico en lيnea. Se analizaron ademلs diferentes iniciativas dedicadas a la evaluaciَn de catلlogos en lيnea, de forma que se pudiera identificar a qué aspecto evaluativo se dedicaba cada uno de los estudios analizados. Resultados: se han desarrollado un conjunto de iniciativas para la evaluaciَn de la calidad de los catلlogos de acceso pْblico en lيnea desde diferentes dimensiones, entre las que se encuentran las referidas a las prestaciones de los catلlogos en lيnea; la que toma en consideraciَn el anلlisis de los errores; la referida a los estudios de la interfaz y la que considera la usabilidad de los sistemas, en la que generalmente se relacionan los aspectos relativos, por una parte, a la arquitectura de la informaciَn y, por otra, a la implيcita ya en este enfoque desde la perspectiva de los usuarios. Conclusiones: en los estudios dedicados a la evaluaciَn de catلlogos en lيnea existe gran diversidad terminolَgica para identificar las diferentes prلcticas, pero pudieran sistematizarse en tres grandes divisiones: cualitativos, cuantitativos y los que utilizan las comparaciones. Los métodos utilizados en la evaluaciَn de los catلlogos en lيnea contienen, en general, un amplio componente de aplicaciَn estadيstica y pudiera plantearse que no son en su totalidad métodos producidos por la Bibliotecologيa o la Ciencia de la Informaciَn, de forma propia, sino que estلn marcados por la influencia de otros campos de conocimiento, como son las Ciencias Matemلticas y de la Computaciَn, la Psicologيa cognitiva, la usabilidad, entre otras disciplinas...

Examine the methods and technique used in the evaluation of the catalogues of public access on line and identify the constants for its evaluation. Methods: document analysis was used to verify in the bibliography the studies referred to the methods and technique used in the evaluations of the catalogues of public access on line. They analyzed besides different initiatives related to the evaluation of catalogues on line, so that it could identify to which evaluative method appearance devoted each one of the studies analysed. Results: a group of initiatives are developed for the quality of the evaluation of the catalogues on line from different dimensions; among them is the referred to the provision of the catalogues on line; the one who takes in consideration the analysis of the errors; the referred to the studies of the interface and the one that considers the usability of the systems, in which they generally relate the relative appearances of the architecture of the information and the already implicit in this approach from the perspective of the users. Conclusions: in the studies about the evaluation of catalogues on line there is a terminological diversity to identify the different practice, but it could be systematised in three big divisions: qualitative, quantitative and those that use the comparisons. The methods used in the evaluation of the catalogues on line contain, in general, a wide component of statistical application, but we can say that in their whole methods they are not properly produced by the Bibliotecology or by the Science of the Information, but they are marked by the influence of other fields of knowledge, as the Mathematical Sciences and the Computation, the cognitive Psychology, the usability, among other disciplines...

The Problems in the Process of Setting Codes in National New Rural Cooperative Medical System Drug Catalog and the Countermeasures / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for setting codes in national New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRC-MS) drug catalog. METHODS:Current conditions of drug catalog coding at home and abroad were introduced,the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS& CONCLUSIONS:Existing drug catalog codes mainly include those published by World Health Organization(WHO)in anatomi-cal,therapeutic and chemical classification system,and those in Chemical (Raw Material and Preparation) Classification and Code of China,Classification and Code of Drugs Covered by Social Insurance,meanwhile,the setting code method of relevant drugs can be also learnt from Chinese Pharmacopoeia and National Essential Drug List,etc. In setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog,there were problems such as difficulty in classifying and mapping drug codes,insufficient authority of references for drug codes,too many reference standards for drug codes,and poor normalization of drug code extension. We should further refer to definitely authoritative standards for drug codes,establish appropriate rules on drug code integrated mapping,develop uniform and perfect drug code category set,and establish a system subject to continuous update and an effective evaluation mechanism,to solve the problems in the process of setting codes in national NRCMS drug catalog.

Compilation of union catalog of minority nationality medical documents in Yunnan Province / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After the necessity to compile n the union catalog of minority nationality medical documents in Yunnan Province was analyzed according to the scattered collection of minority nationality medical information resources and no available standard minority nationality medical documents catalog, how to compile it was discussed from the aspects of the collection and catalog organization of literature information resources, and quality control of bibliographic data, in order to construct the support system for minority nationality medical information resources.

Catálogo para la generación de diagramas de componentes del Sistema de Información para la Salud en Cuba / Catalog for generating diagrams of components for the Health Information System in Cuba

El Ministerio de Salud Pública (MINSAP) ha definido la informatización del sector como tarea fundamental, con el objetivo de proveer al Sistema Nacional de Salud de información confiable, consistente y oportuna para la toma de decisiones, a través del uso óptimo de las tecnologías y de la integración a la infraestructura global de la información. En este marco, la Dirección Nacional de Informática del MINSAP define que el Grupo de Integración de Soluciones (GIS) perteneciente a la empresa SOFTEL, brinde soporte tecnológico para garantizar la integración de las aplicaciones que conforman una solución informática para la salud. Como herramienta de soporte se implementa el Catálogo para la generación de diagramas de componentes del Sistema de Información para la Salud (SISalud). En el proceso de desarrollo de las aplicaciones informáticas para la salud, el catálogo facilita la integración, al generar las relaciones de dependencia entre los componentes de SISalud, a partir de la representación de las vistas o diagramas de implementación de la arquitectura de los componentes desarrollados. Se hace uso del lenguaje Unificado de Modelado (UML) y de PHP y JavaScript. El sistema permite disminuir los tiempos de respuestas de los equipos de desarrollo, obtener información relacionada con la arquitectura y contar con un espacio para generar y transferir el conocimiento para la continuidad del trabajo(AU)

The Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP) has defined the computerization of the sector as a fundamental task. The objective is to provide the National System of Health with reliable, consistent and opportune information for the decision making, through the good use of technologies and the integration with the global infrastructure of the information. In order to this, the National Headquarter of Computer Science of MINSAP defines that the Group of Integration of Solutions (GIS), which belongs to the company SOFTEL, has to offer technological support to guarantee the integration of the applications that bring computer solutions for the health. As a support tool, the Catalog is implemented for the generation of diagrams of components of the System of Information for the Health (SISalud). In the process of development of the computer applications for the health, the catalogue facilitates the integration process, when generating the dependence relationships among the components of SISalud, starting from the representation of the views or diagrams of implementation of the architecture of the developed components. The Unified Modeling Language (UML), PHP and JavaScript are used. The system allows minimizing the times of answers for the development teams to obtain information related with the architecture and to have a space to generate and to transfer the knowledge for the continuity of the work(AU)

Control de autoridades de nombres personales de autores cubanos en ciencias de la salud / Authority control of Cuban authors´names in health sciences

El control de autoridades se realiza mediante una serie de operaciones que permiten elaborar un asiento o registro de autoridad. El registro de autoridad se constituye cuando se define la variante del nombre que se va a utilizar para todos los asientos del catálogo, es decir, la forma autorizada o autoridad acordada. En la presente investigación se define conceptualmente el término control de autoridades y sus características y objetivos, y se describen los procedimientos para su aplicación a los nombres de los autores cubanos en ciencias de la salud. Se define el diseño conceptual de un catálogo de autoridades de nombres de autores cubanos en ciencias de la salud

Authority control is carried out through a series of operations that allow making an authority record. The authority record is established when the variant of the name to be used for all the catalog entries is defined; in other words, the authorized form or agreed authority. The present research defines from the conceptual viewpoint the term authority control and its characteristics and objectives and describes the procedures for application to the names of Cuban authors in the field of Health Sciences. The conceptual design of the catalog of authorities of Cuban authors 'names in Health Sciences is defined

Reflections on offering and readjusting specialties of medical sciences in the catalog for regular college program / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The catalogue for regular college programs is the guide to offering specialties and academic degrees in medical colleges and universities.It serves as the orienting framework under which to develop human resources at the institution of higher learning.Thus,it is an important task concerning the overall reform and development of tertiary education to revise the catalogue for regular college programs.This paper discusses the adjustment of such kind of catalogs in terms of their special aspects and distinctive qualities of medical education with an attempt to draw the attention of more experts and scholars to this research direction in order to ensure a stable,scientific,and continuous development of the catalog for medical sciences.

Pseudopsis monica sp. nov. from the western Andes, Peru, with a key to the South American species of Pseudopsis Newman (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pseudopsinae) / Pseudopsis monica sp. nov. do oeste dos Andes, Peru, com chave para as espécies da America do Sul de Pseudopsis Newman (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Pseudopsinae)

Pseudopsis Newman, 1834 is a genus of Pseudopsinae with about 46 species distributed worldwide, five of which have been reported for South America. In this paper P. monica sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Lima, Peru. A key to South American species of Pseudopsis and a catalog are also provided.

Pseudopsis Newman, 1834 é um gênero de Pseudopsinae com cerca de 46 espécies distribuídas no mundo, destas cinco são registradas para a América do Sul. Nesta contribuição P. monica sp. nov. é descrita com base em exemplares coletados em Lima, Peru. Uma chave para as espécies de Pseudopsis da América do Sul e um catálogo são fornecidos.

Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) da Amazônia brasileira / Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from brazilian Amazonia

Na Amazônia brasileira são registradas dezenove espécies de Leptophlebiidae, distribuídas em dez gêneros. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma lista de todos os gêneros de Leptophlebiidae ocorrentes na Região Neotropical, o numero de espécies de cada gênero no Brasil e um catálogo das espécies registradas na Amazônia brasileira.

Brazilian Amazonia has nineteen registered species of Leptophlebiidae, distributed in ten genera. In this work a list of all genera of Leptophlebiidae from the Neotropical Region is presented, the number of species of each genus in Brazil and a catalog of the species occurring in the Brazilian Amazon.

Scientific Optimizing of Flow of Drug Purchasing in Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To construct a high-efficiency, high-performance, low-cost flow of drug purchasing. METHODS: The defects involved in the current drug purchasing flowsheet prevalent in many hospitals were analyzed and the optimized flowsheet was put into practice by combining the actuality of our hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The traditional drug purchasing modality can not meet the requirement of current hospitals in that it involves large work load and high probability of error, and it is tedious and time-consuming. The establishment of drug catalog database and the online drug purchase by means of instant communication software can help simplify drug purchase flow, lessen work load, enhance work efficiency, and effectuate a high-efficiency, high-performance, low-cost flow of drug purchasing.