Right subclavian vein sonoanatomy from the supraclavicular fossa approach in children / Relaciones sonoanatómicas de la vena subclavia derecha desde la fosa supraclavicular en niños

Abstract Introduction: Although the subclavian vein offers significant advantages over other approaches for ultrasound-guided central venous access, it is not the first choice in the pediatric population, mainly due to its proximity to the pleura and the subclavian artery. Objective: To assess the sonoanatomical characteristics of the subclavian vein and adjacent structures using the supraclavicular approach in a pediatric population. Materials and methods: Observational, intraoperative, cross-sectional study, between June 2021 and March 2022. The population consisted of ASA I, II and III children taken to non-emergent surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Images were acquired with the patients under general anesthesia, using a high-frequency linear probe to identify the subclavian vein and measure the anatomical landmarks. Results: A total of 67 children were recruited; mean age was 6 years (IQR: 2-12 years), with male sex predominance (61%). Median weight was 22 kg (IQR: 12.2-34 Kg) and median height was 115 cm (IQR: 88-142 cm). Measurements in relation to the vessel showed a mean distance from the skin of 0.70 cm (SD: 0.18 cm), while mean distance from the skin to the pleura was 1.31 cm (SD: 0.28 cm). Mean vein diameter was 0.49 cm (IQR: 0.40-0.63 cm). The mean hypothetical approach angle to the vessel was 22.09 degrees (SD: 4.37 degrees), while the approach angle to the pleura was 39 degrees (SD: 5.31 degrees). No concurrent visualization of the vein and artery was documented in any of the recorded sonoanatomy windows. The tests pointed to an average difference of 0.61 cm in vessel depth in relation to the pleura, and the angle of approach to the vessel was 16.91 degrees smaller when compared with the angle of approach to the pleura (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Using this technique, the supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein in children is safe and feasible, with an average skin-to-vessel distance of 0.70 cm, minimizing the risk of pleural puncture. Additional studies are required to optimize this technique in the pediatric population.

Resumen Introducción: Aunque la vena subclavia ofrece ventajas significativas sobre otros abordajes para el acceso venoso central guiado por ultrasonido, no se considera la primera opción en la población pediátrica, principalmente debido a su proximidad con la pleura y la arteria subclavia. Objetivo: Evaluar las características sonoanatómicas de la vena subclavia y sus estructuras adyacentes utilizando el abordaje supraclavicular en la población pediátrica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal durante el periodo intraoperatorio, desde junio de 2021 hasta marzo de 2022. Participaron niños ASA I, II y III sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos no emergentes bajo anestesia general. Se realizaron las imágenes bajo anestesia general, utilizando un transductor lineal de alta frecuencia para identificar la vena subclavia y medir características anatómicas. Resultados: Se reclutaron 67 niños, con una mediana de 6 años (RIQ 2-12 años), predominando el sexo masculino (61 %). La mediana de peso fue de 22 kg (RIQ12,2-34 kg) y la de estatura fue de 115 cm (RIQ 88-142 cm). Las mediciones del vaso mostraron una distancia media de la piel al vaso de 0,70 cm (DE: 0,18 cm) y una de la piel a la pleura de 1,31 cm (DE: 0,28 cm). El diámetro de la vena tuvo una mediana de 0,49 cm (RIQ 0,40-0,63 cm). El ángulo hipotético de aproximación al vaso presentó una media de 22,09 grados (DE: 4,37 grados), mientras que el ángulo de aproximación a la pleura fue de 39 grados (DE: 5,31 grados). No se documentó la visualización simultánea de la arteria y la vena en ninguna de las ventanas sonoanatómicas registradas. Las pruebas indicaron una diferencia promedio de 0,61 cm en la profundidad del vaso respecto a la pleura, y 16,91 grados menos en el ángulo de aproximación al vaso comparado con el ángulo pleural (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Mediante esta técnica, el abordaje supraclavicular para punción de la vena subclavia en niños es seguro y viable, con una distancia promedio de la piel al vaso de 0,70 cm, minimizando el riesgo de punción pleural. Se requieren estudios adicionales para optimizar esta técnica en la población pediátrica.

The influence of specialized nurses′ assistance mode on the maintenance ability of PICC catheter in nursing hospital from the perspective of combination of medical care and nursing care / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of nursing specialist nurses′ assistance on the ability of nursing home nurses to maintain venous catheter under the vision of combination of medical care and nursing care, providing reference for carrying out specialized nursing assistance work in grassroots hospitals.Methods:This study was an experimental study. According to Miller′s pyramid theory, a model of specialist nurse assistance was established with specialized technology as the core. From January to December 2021, three nursing hospitals in Suzhou were assisted. Convenience sampling method was used to investigate the ability of intravenous catheter maintenance, the incidence of central venous catheter maintenance defects, the incidence of central venous catheter complications and unplanned extubation, and the satisfaction of doctors and patients before and after help.Results:Totally 86 nurses were included, aged (33.17 ± 2.31) years old. After the help, the theoretical and operational skill scores of nurses in the nursing home were (89.77 ± 2.11) and (92.75 ± 1.62) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before the help (60.84 ± 2.71) and (79.81 ± 1.68) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-84.96, -52.12, both P<0.05). Among the maintenance defects of central venous catheter in nursing homes, incomplete labeling, film wrapping, blood seepage, catheter discounting, non-standard film fixing, and incomplete information of extended care were 9.95% (21/211), 8.53% (18/211), 2.84% (6/211), 6.16% (13/211), 4.74% (10/211), 2.37% (5/211) after help, all lower than 50.57% (89/176), 43.18% (76/176), 14.20% (25/176), 25.57% (45/176), 18.18% (32/176), 11.93% (21/176) before help. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 14.00 to 77.81, all P<0.05). The incidence of medical adhesive related skin injury, catheter obstruction complications and unplanned extubation were 4.44% (4/90), 3.33% (3/90) and 2.22% (2/90), respectively, which were lower than 20.51% (16/78), 15.38% (12/78) and 11.54% (9/78) before help. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=8.81, 6.06, 4.50, all P<0.05). Doctors′ satisfaction with nurses and patients′ satisfaction with nursing work were 96.43%(27/28) and 93.75%(45/48), respectively, both higher than 71.43%(20/28) and 72.73%(32/44) before help, and the differences were statistically significant respectively ( χ2=4.77, 5.97, both P<0.05). Conclusions:From the perspective of combination of medical care and nursing care, the maintenance and assistance of intravenous catheters by the team of intravenous therapy nurses in nursing hospitals can effectively reduce the incidence of central venous catheter complications and unplanned extubation, improve the maintenance ability of intravenous catheters of nurses in nursing hospitals, and help to improve the quality of nursing care in nursing hospitals.

A compreensão dos profissionais de uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica acerca do bundle de cateter venoso central / The understanding of professionals in a pediatric intensive care unit about the central venous catheter bundle / La comprensión de los profesionales en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos sobre el bundle de catéter venoso central

Objetivo: Desvelar a compreensão dos profissionais acerca das recomendações do Bundle de inserção e manutenção do cateter venoso central. Métodos: Estudo descritivo exploratório, quantitativo e realizado em 2020 em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica de um hospital referência em Minas Gerais. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 62 profissionais de saúde, sexo feminino (90,3%), idade 25-39 anos (50%), Enfermeiros (Enf) (17,8%), Técnicos de enfermagem TE (58%) e Médicos (Med) (24,2%). Concordam totalmente com as assertivas: Bundle como um instrumento eficaz para a redução de infecção de cateter venoso central, Enf (45,5%), TE (25%) e Med (26,7%); deve-se utilizar barreira máxima de precaução, Enf (81,8%), TE (53%), Med (60%); realizar antissepsia das mãos ao manuseio do cateter, Enf (72,7%), TE (52,5%), Med (53,3%); utilizar de clorexidina alcoólica 0,5%, Enf (72,8%). Indiferente a afirmativa anterior, Med (53,3%); evitar veia femoral como sítio de inserção, concordam Enf (54,5%) e Med (40%). Conclusão: O profissional enfermeiro possui maior conhecimento sobre o Bundle de cateter venoso central. É fundamental que toda a equipe reconheça e utilize este instrumento para às boas práticas de manejo do cateter e redução da infecção. (AU)

Objective: To unveil the professionals' understanding of the recommendations of the central venous catheter insertion and maintenance bundle. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study carried out in 2020 in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a reference hospital in Minas Gerais. Results: 62 health professionals were interviewed, female (90.3%), aged 25-39 years (50%), Nurses (Nurse) (17.8%), Nursing technicians (NT) (58%) and Doctors (Med)(24.2%). Totally agree with the assertions: Bundle as an effective tool for reducing central venous catheter infection, Nurse (45.5%), TE (25%) and Med (26.7%); Maximum precautionary barrier should be used, Nurse (81.8%), TE (53%), Med (60%); Perform hand antisepsis when handling the catheter, Nurse (72.7%), ET (52.5%), Med (53.3%); Use 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine, Enf (72.8%). Indifferent to the previous statement, Med(53.3%); Avoid the femoral vein as the insertion site, agree Enf (54.5%) and Med (40%). Conclusion: The professional nurse has greater knowledge about the central venous catheter Bundle. It is essential that the entire team recognize and use this instrument for good catheter management practices and infection reduction. (AU)

Objetivo: Desvelar el conocimiento de los profesionales sobre las recomendaciones del Bundle de inserción y mantenimiento del catéter venoso central. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo realizado en 2020 en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de un hospital de referencia en Minas Gerais. Resultados: se entrevistaron 62 profesionales de la salud, mujeres (90,3%), 25-39 años (50%), Enfermeros (Enfermera) (17,8%), Técnicos de enfermería (NT) (58%) y Médicos (Med) (24,2%). Totalmente de acuerdo con las afirmaciones: Bundle como herramienta eficaz para reducir la infección catéter venoso central, Nurse (45,5%), TE (25%) y Med (26,7%); Se debe utilizar barrera máxima de precaución, Enfermera (81,8%), TE (53%), Med (60%); Realizar antisepsia de la mano al manipular el catéter, Enfermera (72,7%), ET (52,5%), Med (53,3%); Utilice clorhexidina alcohólica al 0,5%, Enf (72,8%). Indiferente a la afirmación anterior, Med (53,3%); Evite la vena femoral como sitio de inserción, coinciden Enf (54,5%) y Med (40%). Conclusión: La enfermera profesional tiene un mayor conocimiento sobre el Bundle catéter venoso central. Es esencial que todo el equipo reconozca y utilice este instrumento para las buenas prácticas de manejo del catéter y la reducción de infecciones. (AU)

Conhecimentos da enfermagem sobre peripherally inserted central catheters: complicações, medidas preventivas e indicações de retirada / Nursing knowledge about peripherally inserted central catheters: complications, preventive measures and indications for removal / Conocimientos de enfermería sobre catéteres centrales de inserción periférica: complicaciones, medidas preventivas e indicaciones de retiro

Objetivo: Discutir as complicações e medidas preventivas, bem como as condições de retirada associadas ao uso do Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters, no contexto intra-hospitalar na perspectiva do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem. Métodos: Investigação exploratório-descritiva, de método misto, realizada numa instituição hospitalar particular (MGBrasil), de março-maio/2021, com 114 profissionais da enfermagem, por meio do Google Forms. Coletados dados de caracterização profissional, perfil de conhecimento e avaliação das complicações, medidas preventivas e condições de retirada associadas ao uso do cateter. Resultados: O perfil profissional revela indícios de precarização do trabalho de enfermagem e o conhecimento dos participantes demonstra acesso às principais complicações do uso do dispositivo, das medidas de prevenção, bem como das condições que justificam a sua retirada. Conclusão: Há evidências da necessidade de intervenções educativas visando-se melhorias em prol da segurança da prática profissional e do paciente, qualidade da assistência e excelência de cuidados na instituição de saúde. (AU)

Objective: To discuss complications and preventive measures, as well as the removal conditions associated with the use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters, in the intra-hospital context from the perspective of the nursing team's knowledge. Methods: Exploratory-descriptive investigation, mixed-method research, carried out in a private hospital (MG-Brazil), from March to May/2021, with 114 nursing professionals, using Google Forms. The following data were collected: Professional's characterization, knowledge's profile and evaluation of complications, preventive measures and removal conditions associated with the use of the catheter. Results: The professional profile reveals signs of how nursing job is precarious and the participants' knowledge demonstrates access to the main complications of using the device, prevention measures, as well as the conditions that justify its removal. Conclusion: There is evidence of the needed educational interventions, aiming an improvement of the safe practice to the professional and to the patient, care quality and excellence of care in the health institution. (AU)

Objectivo: Discutir las complicaciones y medidas preventivas, así como las condiciones de retirada, asociadas al uso de Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters, en el contexto intrahospitalario desde la perspectiva del conocimiento del equipo de enfermería. Métodos: investigación exploratorio-descriptiva, de método mixto, realizada en un hospital particular (MG-Brasil), de marzo hasta mayo/2021, con 114 profesionales de enfermería, utilizando Google Forms. Se recogieron datos de caracterización profesional, perfil del conocimiento y evaluación de complicaciones, medidas preventivas y condiciones de retirada asociadas al uso del catéter. Resultados: El perfil profesional revela indicios de la precariedad del trabajo de enfermería y el conocimiento de los participantes evidencia el acceso a las principales complicaciones del uso del dispositivo, las medidas de prevención, así como las condiciones que justifican su retirada. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia de la necesidad de intervenciones educativas dirigidas a mejorar la seguridad de la práctica profesional y del paciente, la calidad de la asistencia y la excelencia de la atención en la institución de salud. (AU)

Analysis of influencing factors and impact path of self-management in tumor patients with PICC of the intermission of chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analysis the effect of health-promoting lifestyle and patient activation on self-management among tumor patients with PICC of the intermission of chemotherapy, so as to provide a basis for the targeted caring intervention programs.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey methods, from January 2021 to December 2022, the tumor patients with PICC of the intermission of chemotherapy of Tianjin Third Central Hosptial were investigated, using the General Demographic Questionnaire, Cancer Patients PICC Self-management Scale, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ and Patient Activation Measure. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data, and the structural equation model between related factors were established.Results:A total of 251 patients were collected in the this study, the scores of self-management were (153.12 ± 20.33) points, health-promoting lifestyle were (98.58 ± 16.05) points, and patient activation were (50.52 ± 6.51) points. The dimensions scores and total scores of self-management were positively correlated with the health-promoting lifestyle and patient activation in tumor patients with PICC ( r values were 0.503-0.910, all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the health-promoting lifestyle and the patient activation were the influencing factors of the patient's self-management ability ( t=2.67, 1365, both P<0.05). Pathway analysis results showed that patient activation played a partially mediating role between health-promoting lifestyle and self-management, the effect value was 0.33 (95% CI 0.301-0.557), accounting for 46.5% of the total effect. Conclusions:Health-promoting lifestyle and the patient activation were the influencing factors of the self-management ability of tumor patients with PICC, patient activation played a partially mediating role between health-promoting lifestyle and self-management.

A case report of guidewire entrapment in Chiari network involving persistent left superior vena cava / 中华肾脏病杂志

The article reports a rare case of isolated persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) found during the catheterization of a dialysis catheter in an end-stage renal disease patient and the occurrence of guidewire entrapment in Chiari net. The patient was scheduled to have emergency dialysis due to end-stage renal disease and acute left heart failure. And a tunnel-cuffed catheter (TCC) for dialysis insertion was planned. Isolated PLSVC was found firstly by the imaging process. Then the guidewire was entrapped at the right atrium in the further operation. During the operation of the guidewire, the guidewire loosened and withdrawn with a fine fiber, which was considered a possibility of Chiari net. In the follow-up after one week, the TCC worked well, and the heart function improved after dialysis.

Management of primary catheter malposition following totally implantable venous access port implantation via the internal jugular vein / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of primary catheter malposition (PCM) following totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation via the internal jugular vein (IJV) and management strategies.Methods:Clinical data of 587 consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing TIVAP implantation via the IJV performed by single team at the Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Aug 2017 to Aug 2022 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 593 TIVAP were implanted and PCM was found in 18 cases (3.0%). Four hundred and twenty five TIVAP were implanted via the right IJV with one PCM case (0.2%). One hundred and sixty eight TIVAP implantations were performed via the left IJV and PCM occurred in 17 cases (10.1%). The interventional management with a pigtail catheter was performed as a first-line strategy in 11 of the 18 PCM cases, with a success in 10 cases and failure in one. Three cases were successfully managed with the digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided open approach. Four cases underwent blind open procedure firstly and 2 suffered a failure.Conclusions:A higher incidence of PCM is found in TIVAP implantations via the left IJV than the right one. The interventional management with a pigtail catheter or the DSA-guided open procedure proves to be feasible for the correction of PCM.

Construção e validação de curso online para enfermeiros sobre cateteres venosos centrais em crianças no domicílio / Construcción y validación de un curso en línea para enfermeros sobre catéteres venosos centrales en niños en el hogar / Construction and validity of an online course for nurses on central venous catheters in children at home

Resumo Objetivo construir um curso online e autoinstrucional para enfermeiros que realizam assistência às crianças em uso de cateter venoso central no domicílio e validar o conteúdo do curso por especialistas. Método estudo metodológico, alicerçado no Design Instrucional pelo modelo ADDIE, desenvolvido em duas etapas entre setembro de 2019 e maio de 2020: construção do curso; e validação do conteúdo por um comitê de oito especialistas, recrutados pelo método bola de neve por meio eletrônico. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, com ponto de corte ≥0,8 para a validação de conteúdo. Resultado s: elaboram-se 25 produtos tecnológicos para a produção final do curso: quatro planos de ação pedagógica, seis storyboards, nove recursos educativos em vídeo e 6 módulos do curso em formato Sharable Content Object Reference Model, aplicável em diferentes plataformas. Todos os módulos apresentaram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥0,80 em todos os domínios e na avaliação global. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o conteúdo de todos os módulos foi validado pelos especialistas. O curso contribui para a prática assistencial, permitindo atualização com base em conteúdo atual e validado cientificamente. Ele pode ser utilizado em outras propostas pedagógicas, desde que atendidas as premissas da Licença Creative Commons 4.0 Internacional.

Resumen Objetivo construir un curso en línea y de auto instrucción para enfermeras que brindan atención a niños utilizando un catéter venoso central en el hogar y validar el contenido del curso por especialistas. Método estudio metodológico, basado en Diseño Instruccional por el modelo ADDIE, desarrollado en dos etapas entre septiembre de 2019 y mayo de 2020: construcción del curso; y validación del contenido por un comité de ocho especialistas, reclutados por el método bola de nieve, electrónicamente. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Validación de Contenidos Educativos en Salud y se adoptó el punto de corte ≥0.8 para la validación de contenidos. Resultados en siete meses, se elaboran 25 productos tecnológicos para la producción final del curso: cuatro planes de acción pedagógica, seis storyboards, nueve recursos educativos de video y 6 módulos del curso en formato Sharable Content Object Reference Model, aplicables en diferentes plataformas. Todos los módulos mostraron un Índice de Validez de Contenido ≥0,80 en todos los dominios y en la evaluación general. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el contenido de los módulos ha sido respaldado por especialistas. El curso contribuye a la práctica del cuidado, permitiendo la actualización a partir de contenidos actualizados y científicamente validados. Puede ser utilizado en otras propuestas pedagógicas, siempre que se cumplan las premisas de la Licencia Creative Commons 4.0 Internacional.

Abstract Objective to construct an online, self-instructional course for nurses who provide care to children using a central venous catheter at home and validate the course content by experts. Method this is a methodological study, based on Instructional Design using the ADDIE model, developed in two stages between September 2019 and May 2020: course construction; and content validity by a committee of eight experts, recruited by the snowball method through electronic. The Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health was used, with a cut-off point ≥0.8 for content validity. Results twenty-five technological products are created for the course's final production: four pedagogical action plans, six storyboards, nine educational video resources and 6 course modules in Sharable Content Object Reference Model format, applicable on different platforms. All modules presented a Content Validity Index ≥0.80 in all domains and in the overall assessment. Conclusion and implications for practice the content of all modules has been validated by experts. The course contributes to care practice, allowing updating based on current and scientifically validated content. It can be used in other pedagogical proposals, as long as the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License premises are met.

Effects of different aseptic procedures on occurrence of central venous catheter-related infections in non-surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of implementing strict aseptic operation procedures in preventing central venous catheter-related infections.Methods:This retrospective cohort study consisting of non-surgical patients who underwent central venous catheterization from 2015 to 2019 were conducted.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to routine aseptic procedures and strict aseptic procedures, the patients between 2015 and 2017 served as routine aseptic procedure group (group C), and the patients between 2017 and 2019 served as strict aseptic procedure group (group E ). The occurrence of central venous catheter-related infections (local infection, bloodstream infection) was recorded within 6 days after catheterization.Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of central venous catheter-related local infection was significantly decreased (1.79% vs. 0.48%, P<0.001; the rate ratio being 0.27 ranged in 0.10-0.30), while no significant change was found in the incidence of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection in group E (0.29% vs. 0.19%, P>0.05). The cumulative incidence of central venous catheter-related infections was 0.67%(<1.00%) in group E. Conclusions:Implementation of strict aseptic procedures during central venous catheterization can further reduce the occurrence of central venous catheter-related infections, which has significant clinical value.

Manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos: prática de profissionais e proposta de curso virtual / Maintenance of the peripherally inserted central catheter in neonates: professional practice and virtual course proposal

Introdução: O cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) tem como finalidade a promoção da terapia intravenosa prolongada, principalmente, indicada para administração de soluções, pois garante a preservação da rede venosa, diminuindo complicações causadas por múltiplas venopunções. A manutenção do PICC é um cuidado no qual a/o enfermeira/o realiza o planejamento, mas que, também, tem a participação dos técnicos de enfermagem na sua manipulação. Objetivos: analisar as práticas de manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica realizada pelos enfermeiros e gestores que atuam na UTIN; identificar as barreiras e os facilitadores de manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica pelos enfermeiros e gestores na UTIN; descrever o inventário de valores organizacionais em relação aos aspectos real e o aspecto desejável (aplicado a gestores) dos profissionais de enfermagem envolvidos nas práticas de manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica dos profissionais de enfermagem nas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal; propor um curso em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para atualização sobre as práticas de manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica para enfermeiros que atuam na unidade neonatal com base nos resultados obtidos. Referencial Teórico: O modelo estrutural The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services integrated (I-PARIHS), que fornece uma maneira de implementar a pesquisa na prática e auxiliar a implementação da tradução do conhecimento para a incorporação das práticas baseadas em evidência na manutenção do PICC em recém-nascidos. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e transversal, tipo survey sob a orientação da estrutura do modelo i-PARIHS. Foi realizada em uma UTIN de um hospital terciário no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com 24 enfermeiros e teve a amostragem não probabilística. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021 por meio de dois questionários: um para enfermeiros e outro para gestores. Os dados foram coletados eletronicamente. O trabalho está em conformidade com as Diretrizes e Normas Regulamentadoras de Pesquisas Envolvendo Seres Humanos ­ Resolução 466/2012 e foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (CEP). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o Programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Resultados: Os participantes dessa pesquisa foram 24 enfermeiros (21 enfermeiros e três enfermeiros no cargo de Gestão). Foi possível identificar o diagnóstico situacional do contexto interno da UTIN quanto às práticas de manutenção do PICC em neonatos, descrever o inventário dos valores organizacionais dos profissionais da gestão e, ainda, identificar as principais barreiras e facilitadores dos enfermeiros em relação às práticas. O curso virtual elaborado pela proposta foi intitulado: Curso de atualização sobre as práticas de manutenção do PICC para profissionais de enfermagem na UTIN. Discussão: As práticas de manutenção do PICC, também, são de considerável responsabilidade para os enfermeiros, uma vez que a manutenção de uma terapia infusional segura envolve significativa complexidade devido às particularidades da clientela neonatal. Esse profissional precisa ter conhecimentos específicos como, por exemplo: a necessidade de reconhecimento das características fisiológicas; seleção do conjunto de administração que envolve, inclusive, a seleção do aparelho de bomba de infusão, limitações com referência à idade, altura, peso ou área de superfície corporal. As práticas estão, em sua maioria, respaldadas na literatura científica, sendo o enfermeiro o profissional responsável legalmente e que possui competência clínica para o manuseio do PICC. Conclusão. Para uma efetiva mudança da prática, são necessárias outras ações que envolvam não somente o Contexto, mas, também, o conhecimento da cultura institucional, dos processos de tomada de decisão, da análise das barreiras/facilitadores e da adaptação das evidências para o contexto local, para que as práticas de manutenção do PICC em neonatos possam ser inseridas através do curso virtual, diminuindo, assim, as lacunas do conhecimento da teoria e prática. Implicações para a enfermagem neonatal: podem-se associar as práticas baseadas em evidência e a sua implementação por meio do curso a um conteúdo programático que seja de fácil acesso, compreensível e acessível para atualizar os enfermeiros da UTIN.

Introduction: The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) aims to promote prolonged intravenous therapy, mainly indicated for the administration of solutions, because it ensures the preservation of the venous network, reducing complications caused by multiple venipunctures. The maintenance of the PICC is a care in which the nurse does the planning, but also has the participation of nursing technicians in its handling. Objectives: To analyze the maintenance practices of peripherally inserted central catheters performed by nurses and managers working in the NICU; to identify the barriers and facilitators of maintaining peripherally inserted central catheters performed by nurses and managers in the NICU; To describe the inventory of organizational values in relation to the real aspects and the desirable aspect (applied to managers) of nursing professionals involved in the maintenance practices of the peripherally inserted central catheter by nursing professionals in neonatal intensive care units; to propose a course in a virtual learning environment for updating on the maintenance practices of the peripherally inserted central catheter for nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit based on the results obtained. Theoretical Framework: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services integrated (I-PARIHS) framework model, which provides a way to translate research into practice and support the implementation of knowledge translation for the incorporation of evidence-based practices in neonatal PICC maintenance. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey research under the guidance of the i-PARIHS model structure. It was conducted in a NICU of a tertiary hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with 24 nurses and had a non-probability sampling. Data collection took place from January to December 2021, using two questionnaires: one for nurses and another for managers. The data were collected electronically. The work was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP- in Portuguese), in accordance with the Guidelines and Regulatory Standards for Research Involving Human Subjects - Resolution 466/2012. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program was used for data analysis. Results: The participants of this research were 24 nurses (21 nurses and three nurses in management position). It was possible to identify the situational diagnosis of the internal context of the NICU regarding PICC maintenance practices in neonates, describe the inventory of organizational values of management professionals, and also identify the main barriers and facilitators of nurses regarding the practices. The virtual course developed from the proposal was entitled: Refresher Course on PICC Maintenance Practices for nursing professionals in the NICU. Discussion: PICC maintenance practices are also a significant responsibility for the nurse, as maintaining safe infusion therapy is a complex task due to the specificities of the neonatal clientele. This professional must have specific knowledge, such as: the need to recognize physiological characteristics; the selection of the administration set, which includes the selection of the infusion pump device; limitations related to age, height, weight, or body surface area. These practices are largely supported by the scientific literature, and the nurse is the professional who is legally responsible and clinically competent to handle the PICC. Conclusion. For an effective change in practice, other actions are needed that include not only the context, but also the knowledge of the institutional culture, the decision-making processes, the analysis of barriers/facilitators, and the adaptation of evidence to the local context, so that the practices of PICC maintenance in neonates can be inserted through the virtual course, thus reducing the knowledge gaps between theory and practice. Implications for neonatal nursing: Evidence-based practices and their implementation through the course can be combined with programmatic content that is easily accessible, understandable, and affordable to update NICU nurses.

Introducción: El catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) tiene como objetivo promover la terapia intravenosa prolongada, principalmente indicada para la administración de soluciones, ya que garantiza la preservación de la red venosa, reduciendo las complicaciones causadas por múltiples venopunciones. El mantenimiento del PICC es un cuidado en el que la enfermera realiza la planificación, pero que también cuenta con la participación de técnicos de enfermería en su manejo. Objetivos: analizar las prácticas de mantenimiento del catéter central insertado periféricamente realizadas por los profesionales de enfermería y gestores que trabajan en la UCIN; identificar las barreras y facilitadores del mantenimiento del catéter central insertado periféricamente por los profesionales de enfermería y gestores en la UCIN; describir el inventario de valores organizativos en relación con los aspectos reales y deseables (aplicados a los gestores) de los profesionales de enfermería implicados en las prácticas de mantenimiento del catéter central insertado periféricamente por los profesionales de enfermería en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales; proponer un curso en un entorno virtual de aprendizaje para la actualización sobre las prácticas de mantenimiento del catéter central insertado periféricamente para los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en la unidad neonatal a partir de los resultados obtenidos. Marco teórico: El modelo marco Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services integrated (I-PARIHS), que proporciona una forma de implementar la investigación en la práctica y ayudar a la implementación de la traducción de conocimientos para la incorporación de prácticas basadas en la evidencia en el mantenimiento del PICC en recién nacidos. Método: Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, tipo encuesta bajo la orientación de la estructura del modelo i-PARIHS. Se realizó en una UCIN de un hospital terciario del estado de Río de Janeiro, con 24 enfermeros y tuvo un muestreo no probabilístico. La recogida de datos se realizó de enero a diciembre de 2021 mediante dos cuestionarios: uno para enfermeras y otro para gestores. Los datos se recogieron electrónicamente. El estudio cumple con las Directrices y Normas Reguladoras para la Investigación con Seres Humanos - Resolución 466/2012 y fue sometido y aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación (CEP). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Resultados: Los participantes en esta investigación fueron 24 enfermeros (21 enfermeros y tres enfermeros en el puesto de Dirección). Fue posible identificar el diagnóstico situacional del contexto interno de la UCIN en relación a las prácticas de mantenimiento del PICC en neonatos, describir el inventario de los valores organizacionales de los profesionales de gestión, y también identificar las principales barreras y facilitadores de los enfermeros en relación a las prácticas. El curso virtual desarrollado por la propuesta se tituló: Curso de actualización en prácticas de mantenimiento de PICC para profesionales de enfermería de la UCIN. Discusión: Las prácticas de mantenimiento del PICC también son una responsabilidad considerable del personal de enfermería, ya que mantener una terapia de infusión segura implica una complejidad significativa debido a las particularidades de la clientela neonatal. Este profesional necesita tener conocimientos específicos, tales como: la necesidad de reconocer las características fisiológicas; la selección del set de administración, que también implica la selección del dispositivo de la bomba de infusión, las limitaciones con referencia a la edad, la altura, el peso o la superficie corporal. La mayoría de las prácticas están avaladas por la literatura científica, y la enfermera es el profesional legalmente responsable y clínicamente competente para la manipulación del PICC. Conclusión. Para un cambio efectivo de la práctica, son necesarias otras acciones que involucren no sólo el Contexto, sino también el conocimiento de la cultura institucional, los procesos de toma de decisión, el análisis de barreras/facilitadores y la adaptación de la evidencia al contexto local, para que las prácticas de mantenimiento de PICC en neonatos puedan ser insertadas a través del curso virtual, reduciendo así las lagunas de conocimiento de la teoría y la práctica. Implicaciones para la enfermería neonatal: las prácticas basadas en la evidencia y su implementación a través del curso pueden asociarse a un contenido programático fácilmente accesible, comprensible y asequible para la actualización de las enfermeras de la UCIN.

Cateter venoso central de curta permanência: produção de vídeos educativos para a equipe de enfermagem / Catéter venoso central de corta duración: producción de vídeos educativos para el equipo de enfermería / Short-term central venous catheter: Production of educational videos for the Nursing team

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar roteiros e storyboards para a produção de vídeos educativos, em formato digital, sobre os cuidados e manutenção do cateter venoso central em pacientes adultos. Método estudo metodológico, descritivo, sobre construção e validação dos roteiros e storyboards para a produção de vídeos educativos, ocorrido em duas etapas metodológicas: de pré-produção e de produção. A etapa de pré-produção baseou-se em três fases: construção dos roteiros dos vídeos, elaboração dos storyboards e validação por peritos. A validação dos roteiros e storyboards foi realizada por nove juízes especialistas na temática e dois técnicos especialistas em vídeo. Calculou-se o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC), considerando-se como aceitável o índice mínimo de 0,80 para cada item dos instrumentos. Resultados produziram-se três vídeos educativos com as seguintes temáticas: cobertura, manutenção e troca e remoção do cateter venoso central. A respeito da validação pelos juízes especialistas na temática e pelos técnicos especialistas em vídeo, todos os itens avaliados resultaram na concordância em IVC de 100,0. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os vídeos educativos foram produzidos, validados e adequados para serem disponibilizados. A participação dos juízes na validação desse material foi fundamental para garantir a relevância teórica e prática do resultado.

RESUMEN Objetivo construir y validar guiones y storyboards para la producción de videos educativos, en formato digital, sobre el cuidado y mantenimiento del catéter venoso central en pacientes adultos. Método estudio metodológico y descriptivo sobre la construcción y validación de guiones y storyboards para la producción de vídeos educativos que se produjo en dos etapas metodológicas: preproducción y producción. La etapa de preproducción se basó en tres fases: construcción de los guiones de los vídeos, elaboración de storyboards y validación por parte de expertos. La validación de los guiones y storyboards fue realizada por 9 jueces especialistas en el tema y 2 técnicos expertos en video. Se calculó el Índice de Validación de Contenido (IVC), considerando como aceptable el índice mínimo de 0,80 para cada ítem de los instrumentos. Resultados se crearon tres vídeos educativos con los siguientes temas: cobertura, mantenimiento e intercambio y retirada del catéter venoso central. A partir de la valoración por parte de los jueces especialistas en el tema y de los técnicos especialistas en vídeo, todos los elementos evaluados resultaron en una concordancia en el IVC de 100,0. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica los videos educativos fueron construidos, validados y adecuados para ser puestos a disposición. La participación de los jueces en la validación de este material fue esencial para asegurar la relevancia teórica y práctica del resultado.

ABSTRACT Objective to prepare and validate scripts and storyboards for the production of educational videos, in digital format, about the care and maintenance of the central venous catheters in adult patients. Method a methodological and descriptive study about the elaboration and validation of scripts and storyboards for the production of educational videos that was conducted in two methodological stages: pre-production and production. The pre-production stage was based on three phases: preparation of the video scripts, elaboration of the storyboards, and validation by experts. Validation of the scripts and storyboards was in charge of 9 specialist judges in the subject matter and 2 technical experts in video; the Content Validation Index (CVI) was calculated considering as acceptable a minimum index of 0.80 for each item of the instruments. Results three educational videos were created with the following themes: dressing, maintenance and exchange and removal of the central venous catheter. Concerning the validation by expert judges in the subject matter and expert video technicians, all items evaluated resulted in agreement with a CVI of 100.0. Conclusion and implications for the practice the educational videos were elaborated, validated and suitable to be made available; the judges' participation in the validation of this material was essential to ensure the theoretical and practical relevance of the result.

Application of family-centered nursing model and home care platform in PICC nursing of elderly tumor patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of the family-centered nursing model and home care platform in PICC nursing of elderly tumor patients, in order to provide reference for PICC nursing of elderly tumor patients.Methods:A total of 122 elderly tumor patients admitted to Boao Hengda International Hospital, Hainan Province from October 2017 to October 2019 were selected and divided into control group (61 cases) and observation group (61 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group received routine care. The observation group combined family-centered care with home care platform for nursing intervention. Before and 3 months after intervention, the self-management ability, quality of life and mental resilience of the two groups were evaluated by Cancer Patients PICC Self-Management scale(CPPMS), 36-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC). The incidence of complications during the observation period and service volume was recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the score of CPPMS,SF-36, CD-RISC before intervention between the two groups( P>0.05). The CPPSM scores of the observation group and the control group after intervention were (144.21±8.93) points and (125.85±10.52) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 10.392, P<0.05). The scores of social function, life vitality, physical pain, physical function, physical role limitation, emotional role limitation, mental health and overall health were (70.34±5.96),(68.27±5.01),(63.46±4.57),(58.53±5.78),(59.74±6.49),(60.32±5.69),(59.83±6.72),(66.58±6.76) points in the observation group, and (65.32±6.04), (65.33±6.57), (58.35±4.92), (54.51±4.82), (55.64±6.12), (54.59±6.42), (55.67±5.06), (62.14±4.77) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.779-5.943, P<0.05). The CD-RISC scores of the observation group and the control group after intervention were (82.41±8.79) points and (73.39±7.64) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 6.049, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the complication rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). The number of calls, consultations, and door-to-door services were (6.77±1.27), (6.34±1.92), (2.58±0.52) times/person in the observation group, and (4.52± 1.48), (4.06±1.41), (2.03±0.19) times/person in the control group, the difference was statistically significant( t values were 9.011, 7.475, 7.759, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with conventional care, the family-centered care model and home care platform have higher application value in elderly patients with PICC oncology, which can effectively improve the PICC management ability and quality of life of patients, and further improve the psychological flexibility. It is worthy of promotion and application.

Application of ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheter in very/extremely low birth weight infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the clinical application of ultrasound-guided puncture and catheter tip positioning in peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) among very/extremely low birth weight infants (VLBWI/ELBWI).Method:From January 2019 to August 2020, VLBWI/ELBWI admitted to NICU of our hospital and received PICC were prospectively enrolled in the study. Based on the last digit of medical record number was odd or even, the infants were assigned into ultrasound group and X-ray group. In the ultrasound group, puncture and catheter tip positioning were performed at bedside guided by ultrasound, while in the X-ray group, these procedures were performed empirically. The differences of catheterization procedure duration, first-time success rate, the visibility of catheter tip, primary dislocation rate, secondary dislocation rate and complication rate were compared between the two groups using SPSS 25.0.Result:A total of 118 premature infants were enrolled, including 57 cases in ultrasound group (50 cases VLBWI and 7 cases ELBWI) and 61 cases in X-ray group (54 cases VLBWI and 7 cases ELBWI). The catheterization procedure duration [(23.2±7.1) min vs. (34.1±7.5) min], first-time success rate (93.0% vs. 65.6%), the visibility of catheter tip (96.5% vs. 83.6%), primary dislocation rate (7.0% vs. 24.6%) and complication rate (7.0% vs. 21.3%) in ultrasound group were all better than X-ray group ( P<0.05). For ELBWI, the above five indexes in the ultrasound group were better than the X-ray subgroup ( P<0.05). For VLBWI, only the catheterization procedure duration and first-time success rate were better in the ultrasound group than the X-ray group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided PICC catheterization in VLBWI/ELBWI is convenient and accurate, which can improve success rate, reduce radiation exposure and repeated catheterization injury. Timely tracking and adjustment of the catheter under ultrasound can reduce complications after catheterization. This technique is worth popularizing among VLBWI/ELBWI.

Safety of PICC dressing replacement frequency in premature infants: a randomized controlled study / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the safety of different peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) dressing replacement frequencies in preterm infants.Method:From June 2017 to February 2020, preterm infants were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study. Preterm infants with PICC were randomly assigned into 7 d, 11 d and 14 d dressing replacement groups using online randomization software. Polyurethane transparent dressing and the same dressing replacement method were used in all three groups. The incidences of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and positive skin bacterial culture at dressing site were compared among the three groups.Result:A total of 296 cases were enrolled, including 96 cases in the 7 d group, 108 cases in the 11 d group and 92 cases in the 14 d group. The incidences of CRBSI in three groups were 2.5/1 000 catheter day in 7 d group, 1.1/1 000 catheter day in 11 d group and 0.8/1 000 catheter day in 14 d group. The incidences of catheter pathogen colonization were 1.0% in 7 d group, 0.9% in 11 d group and 0% in 14 d group. The positive rates of skin bacterial culture at dressing site were 1.0% in 7 d group, 2.8% in 11d group and 2.2% in 14 d group. The incidences of PICC exit site infection in three groups were 1.0% in 7 d group, 0.9% in 11d group and 1.1% in 14 d group and no significant differences existed among the groups ( P>0.05). Gram-positive cocci were the main bacteria [91.7% (11/12)] of CRBSI and skin bacterial culture at dressing site and gram negative bacilli accounted for 8.3% (1/12). No fungal infection were found. Conclusion:It is safe to replace the PICC dressing in premature infants as needed within 14 days if the dressing is intact without curling, bleeding and exudation.

Direct cost of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter insertion by nurses in hospitalized adults / Costo directo de la inserción del Catéter Central de Inserción Periférica por enfermeras en adultos hospitalizados / Custo direto da inserção do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica por enfermeiros em adultos hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the average direct cost of PICC insertion by nurses. Methods: this is a unique case study with a quantitative approach. The observation took place in a public hospital, collecting information on inputs used and procedure length. For the calculation of costs, time was multiplied by nurses' costs plus supplies. The US dollar was used to present the calculations. In the analysis, descriptive statistics of measures of central tendency and variability were used. Results: the sample corresponded to 139 observations. The average cost of PICC insertion totaled US$286.04, with 90.8% of materials, mainly catheter, and 9.2% of the labor. The procedure took an average of 50 minutes, at US$0.26 per minute for nurses. Conclusions: the average direct cost of PICC insertion was US$286.04, with emphasis on the catheter. The results can support management decisions for adequate material and professional sizing.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el costo directo promedio del procedimiento de inserción de PICC por enfermeras. Métodos: se trata de un estudio de caso único con enfoque cuantitativo. La observación se realizó en un hospital público, recolectando información sobre insumos utilizados y tiempo del procedimiento. Para el cálculo de los costos, el tiempo se multiplicó por el costo de la enfermera más los insumos. Se utilizó el dólar estadounidense para presentar los cálculos. En el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva de medidas de tendencia central y variabilidad. Resultados: la muestra correspondió a 139 observaciones. El costo promedio del procedimiento de inserción de PICC fue de US$286,04, con el 90,8% de los materiales, principalmente catéter, y el 9,2% de la mano de obra. El procedimiento tomó un promedio de 50 minutos, a US$0,26 por minuto para la enfermera. Conclusiones: el costo directo promedio del procedimiento de inserción de PICC fue de US$286,04, con énfasis en el catéter. Los resultados pueden apoyar las decisiones de gestión para un adecuado dimensionamiento material y profesional.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o custo direto médio do procedimento de inserção do PICC por enfermeiros. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de caso único de abordagem quantitativa. A observação ocorreu em hospital público, coletando-se informações sobre insumos utilizados e tempo do procedimento. Para o cálculo dos custos, multiplicou-se o tempo pelo custo do enfermeiro somado aos insumos. Utilizou-se o dólar americano para apresentação dos cálculos. Na análise, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva de medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. Resultados: a amostra correspondeu a 139 observações. O custo médio do procedimento de inserção do PICC totalizou US$286,04, sendo 90,8% dos materiais, principalmente cateter, e 9,2% da mão de obra. O procedimento durou em média 50 minutos, a US$0,26 o minuto do enfermeiro. Conclusões: o custo direto médio do procedimento de inserção do PICC foi US$286,04, com destaque para o cateter. Os resultados podem fundamentar decisões gerenciais para adequado dimensionamento material e profissional.

Custo direto da inserção de cateter venoso central para realização de hemodiálise convencional / Costo directo de la inserción de catéter venoso central para realización de la hemodiálisis convencional / Direct cost of central venous catheter insertion for conventional hemodialysis

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o custo direto médio da inserção de cateter venoso central de longa permanência em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise convencional em um hospital público de ensino e pesquisa. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, realizada em um Centro de Diálise, em São Paulo, Brasil entre novembro e dezembro/2019. Calculou-se o custo direto médio multiplicando-se o tempo despendido por profissionais de saúde pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta, somando-se aos custos de insumos. Resultados: o custo direto médio total correspondeu a US$134,56 (DP±3,65), sendo US$107,01 (DP±0,23) relativos ao custo com material, US$22,10 (DP±3,63) com a mão de obra direta da equipe de inserção do cateter, US$4,65 (DP±0,00) com custo de medicamentos e US$0,80 (DP±0,15) com custo de soluções. Conclusão: constatou-se o impacto dos custos com recursos materiais e a imprescindibilidade da sua alocação racional, especialmente nos hospitais públicos de ensino e pesquisa, que possuem recursos financeiros limitados.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el costo directo de la inserción de catéteres venosos centrales de larga duración en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis convencional en un hospital público de enseñanza e investigación. Método: investigación cuantitativa exploratoria-descriptiva realizada en un Centro de Diálisis de São Paulo, Brasil, entre noviembre y diciembre/2019. El costo directo medio se calculó multiplicando el tiempo empleado por los profesionales de la salud por el costo unitario de la mano de obra directa, sumando los costos de los insumos. Resultados: el costo directo medio total fue de 134,56 dólares (SD±3,65), de los cuales 107,01 dólares (SD±0,23) fueron costos de material, 22,10 dólares (SD±3,63) fueron costos de mano de obra directa del equipo de inserción de catéteres, 4,65 dólares (SD±0,00) fueron costos de medicación y 0,80 dólares (SD±0,15) fueron costos de solución. Conclusión: se ha constatado el impacto de los costos de los recursos materiales y la importancia de su asociación racional, especialmente en los hospitales públicos de enseñanza e investigación, que cuentan con recursos financieros limitados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the average direct cost of long-term central venous catheter insertion in patients undergoing conventional hemodialysis in a public teaching and research hospital. Method: quantitative, exploratory-descriptive research, conducted in a Dialysis Center in São Paulo, Brazil between November and December/2019. The average direct cost was calculated by multiplying the time spent by health professionals by the unit cost of direct labor, adding to the costs of inputs. Results: The average total direct cost was US$134.56 (SD±3.65), of which US$107.01 (SD±0.23) for material costs, US$22.10 (SD±3.63) for direct labor of the catheter insertion team, US$4.65 (SD±0.00) for medication costs, and US$0.80 (SD±0.15) for solution costs. Conclusion: the impact of costs with material resources and the indispensability of their rational allocation was verified, especially in public teaching and research hospitals, which have limited financial resources.

Fibrinolytic therapy in newborns with superior vena cava syndrome. case report

ABSTRACT Introduction: Superior vena cava syndrome is described as the obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava. The literature reports that the incidence of this pathology varies from 1 case in every 650 inhabitants and 1 case in every 3 100 inhabitants. Since this condition is very rare in the pediatric population, no clear figure has been reported regarding its incidence in children. The use of a central venous catheter in newborns is a risk factor for this condition, as it may cause a thrombus due to the inflammatory reaction against the device. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate anticoagulation management and remove the catheter. Case presentation: Premature male newborn, (31.4 weeks gestation), with acute respiratory distress syndrome, early neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, necrotizing enterocolitis on 2 occasions, intestinal obstruction due to adhesions and intestinal volvulus. At 90 days of age, he presented thrombosis of the superior vena cava without involvement of the jugular and subclavian vein junction in the right atrium. Anticoagulant management was started, but given his unfavorable evolution, a multidisciplinary medical board was held to assess the risks, benefits, and treatment options in this age group. It was decided to start intracavitary tissue plasminogen activator treatment associated with mechanical thrombectomy and angioplasty of the superior vena cava. Due to the difficulty of conducting clinical trials in this population and the rates of major bleeding complications obtained with thrombolytic therapies, there is very little information available on the use of tissue plasminogen activator in newborns. For this reason, alteplase is seldom considered as the therapy of choice. However, in patients with life-threatening thrombosis, such as the present case, the results obtained in adults could be extrapolated in search of a favorable outcome. Conclusions: Fibrinolytic therapy is a way to reduce the size of the thrombus, but it dramatically increases the risk of bleeding; consequently, these patients must be strictly monitored. In pediatric populations, due to the diameter of the blood vessels, thrombectomy is difficult to perform; additionally, recurrent thrombosis and the need for transfusion of blood products are frequent.

RESUMEN Introducción. El síndrome de vena cava superior es la obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo a través de la misma. La incidencia de esta patología varía entre 1 caso por cada 650 habitantes y 1 caso por cada 3 100 habitantes. Al ser una condición de muy baja frecuencia en población pediátrica, no se ha reportado una cifra clara con respecto a la incidencia en niños. El uso de catéter venoso central en recién nacidos es un factor de riesgo para esta condición, ya que puede causar un trombo originado por la reacción inflamatoria al dispositivo, por lo que es necesario iniciar manejo anticoagulante y retirar el catéter. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino prematuro (31 semanas y 4 días de gestación) con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, sepsis neonatal temprana, neumonía, enterocolitis necrotizante en 2 ocasiones, obstrucción intestinal por bridas y vólvulo intestinal. A los 90 días de vida presentó trombosis de la vena cava superior sin compromiso del confluente yugulosubclavio de la aurícula derecha. Se inició manejo anticoagulante, pero dada la evolución desfavorable se realizó junta médica multidisciplinaria donde se evaluaron los riesgos, beneficios y opciones de tratamiento en este grupo etario y se decidió realizar trombectomía mecánica y angioplastia de la vena cava superior. Debido a la dificultad para realizar ensayos clínicos en recién nacidos y las tasas de complicaciones hemorrágicas mayores obtenidas con las terapias trombolíticas, es muy poca la información disponible sobre el uso del activador tisular de plasminógeno en esta población; por esto también es muy inusual que se considere a la alteplasa como terapia de elección. Sin embargo, en pacientes con trombosis potencialmente mortales, como el del caso presentado, se podrían extrapolar los resultados obtenidos en los adultos en búsqueda de una evolución favorable. Conclusiones. El manejo fibrinolítico es una opción para reducir el tamaño del trombo, pero aumenta notoriamente el riesgo de sangrado, por lo que se necesita vigilancia estricta del paciente. En población pediátrica, debido al diámetro de los vasos sanguíneos, es complejo realizar trombectomía mecánica; adicionalmente, es frecuente que se presente trombosis recurrente y se necesite trasfundir hemoderivados.

Morbilidad en pacientes hemodializados / Morbidity in hemodialyzed patients

RESUMEN Fundamento: cada día se incrementa el número de enfermos con una enfermedad renal crónica, tributarios de hemodiálisis, procedimiento que no está exento de producir complicaciones por la complejidad de su realización, en la que intervienen el ambiente y condiciones de la unidad de hemodiálisis, la calidad del agua empleada y el buen funcionamiento de la planta de tratamiento de esta agua. Objetivo: caracterizar la morbilidad infecciosa de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 85 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que fueron atendidos en el servicio de hemodiálisis del Hospital General Provincial Universitario Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus durante el período comprendido entre el 1ro de Octubre de 2016 al 31 de Marzo de 2018. Resultados: la mayor cantidad de casos hemodializados se correspondió con el grupo de edad mayor de 60 años del género masculino. Los factores ambientales y microbiológicos indicaron que la calidad del agua utilizada en el proceso de atención de pacientes hemodializados fue satisfactoria y el peligro de riesgo en la planta de tratamiento, en la categoría de bajo riesgo. El tipo de acceso vascular de los pacientes que con mayor frecuencia se utilizó y el de mayor morbilidad infecciosa fue el catéter transitorio. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los enfermos eran hombres en la sexta década de la vida, la calidad del agua utilizada fue adecuada, con escaso riesgo en la planta de tratamiento y el catéter transitorio mostró mayor proporción de infecciones asociadas.

ABSTRACT Background: every day the number of patients with chronic kidney disease increases, tributaries of hemodialysis, a procedure that is not exempt from complications due to the complexity of its realization, in which the environment and conditions of the hemodialysis unit intervene, the quality of the water used for it and the proper functioning of the water treatment plant. Objective: to characterize the infectious morbidity of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out. The study population consisted of 85 patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis in University General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos of Sancti Spíritus from October 1st, 2016 to March 31st, 2018. Results: the largest number of hemodialysis cases corresponded to the age group over 60 years of the male gender. The environmental and microbiological factors indicated that the quality of the water used in the process of care of hemodialysis patients was satisfactory and the risk of risk in the treatment plant, in the low risk category. According to the type of vascular access to the patient, the most frequently used route was the transient catheter and the highest infectious morbidity. Conclusions: most of the cases were over 60 years old, of the male gender, the water quality was satisfactory and low risk in the treatment plant, and the transient catheter was used more frequently, who presented the highest proportion of associated infections.

The real experience of postoperative functional exercise in PICC patients: a qualitative research / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the real experience of functional exercise after PICC operation.@*Methods@#Phenomenological methods were used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 patients who had different functional exercises after PICC. Colaizzi phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Through interviews, four themes were drawn: the exercise characteristics of different postoperative functional exercise, the benefits of postoperative functional exercise, the obstacles to postoperative functional exercise and the suggestions for education related to postoperative functional exercise.@*Conclusion@#The patients with PICC think that the postoperative functional exercise is safe and practical, but the recognition and compliance of the postoperative functional exercise are still limited. It is suggested that appropriate training should be carried out among medical staff, so as to rationally select the way of postoperative functional exercise, further promote the application of postoperative functional exercise, and improve the compliance and experience of patients.

A utilização de cateteres venosos centrais de inserção periférica na Unidade Intensiva Neonatal / The use of peripherally inserted central venous catheter in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Analisar a utilização dos cateteres centrais de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Pesquisa retrospectiva, descritiva e quantitativa, realizada em 80 prontuários de uma maternidade escola federal do Rio de Janeiro, no período de abril a julho de 2018. A utilização do dispositivo foi maior em recém-nascidos pré-termo (83%), o peso predominante foi abaixo de 1.500 gramas (60,9%), a indicação mais frequente para a inserção do cateter foi o baixo peso, associado ou não a terapia intravenosa prolongada (35,2%) e o tempo de permanência foi superior a cinco dias (81,8%). A ocorrência de eventos adversos estava presente em 31,8% dos casos. Ressalta-se a importância da correta indicação, manuseio, cuidado no uso do dispositivo, além de identificação dos eventos adversos, para que se estabeleçam medidas de prevenção e treinamento da equipe, a fim de diminuir os riscos e promover a segurança dos recém-nascidos.

To analyze the use of peripherally inserted central venous catheter in newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Retrospective, descriptive and quantitative research, carried out in 80 medical records of a federal maternity school in Rio de Janeiro, in the period April to July 2018. The use of the device was higher in preterm newborns (83%), the predominant weight was below 1,500 grams (60.9%), the most frequent indication for catheter insertion was low weight, associated or not with prolonged intravenous therapy (35.2%) and the length of stay was over five days (81.8%). The occurrence of adverse events was present in 31.8% of cases. It should be emphasized the importance of correct indication, handling, care in the use of the device, beyond identification of adverse events to establish prevention measures and training of the team in order to reduce risks and promote the safety of newborns.