Progress on the mechanism of comorbidity of tic disorder and allergic diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

Tic disorder（TD）is a complex chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by rapid，involuntary，non-hythmic，single or multi-part muscle movement or vocal twitching. Both TD and allergic diseases are related to the body's immune imbalance.The symptoms involve different parts or organs，and the pathogenesis are complex，which seriously affect the quality of life.Clinical studies have found a clear correlation between TD and allergic diseases，but the relationship mechanism is still unclear，mainly involving neuro-immune cross-disorders.This paper reviews the research progress of the relevant mechanisms of TD and allergic diseases，in order to enhance the cognition of the two diseases，and provide new ideas and directions for the etiological research and treatment of TD.

Imiquimod-induced changes in T cell immune function of mice with psoriasis and the relationship between sex / 中国药理学通报

Aim To research the effect of gender on immune function and keratinocyte damage in imiquimod(IMQ)induced psoriasis mice.Methods IMQ-induced psoriasis mice were freely divided into female and male model groups, and female and male normal groups were set up smeared with an equal amount of petroleum.PASI score and HE staining were used to evaluate skin lesion and pathology; Western blot and immunity fluorescence were used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Ki67, keratin 1(K1), keratin 10(K10), and involucrin in skin lesions; spleen index of mice was calculated; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD4, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 in skin and spleen; flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of Th1 and Th17 cell subsets in spleen.Results Compared with female and male normal groups, PASI score of female and male model groups increased, skin lesions were abnormally thickened and differentiated, the level of PCNA and Ki67, the spleen index, the Th1 and Th17 cell subsets in the spleen both increased, K1, K10, and involucrin decreased, the levels of CD4, IFN-γ, IL-17 in skin lesions and spleen were elevated, but the level of IL-4 showed the opposite trend.There was no statistical difference in the above indicators between the female and male model groups.Conclusion Gender has no effect on the abnormal activation of T cell immune function and the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in psoriasis-like mice induced by IMQ.

Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism / 医学前沿

T cells are an important adaptive immune response arm that mediates cell-mediated immunity. T cell metabolism plays a central role in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function. Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterations in T cell metabolism may result in many immunological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participating in T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.

Effect of electro-acupuncture at Zusanli acupoint on postoperative T cell immune function in rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of electro- acupuncture at Zusanli acupoint in regulating perioperative cell immune functions in rats.@*METHODS@#Forty-two SD rats were divided into blank control group (=6), model group (=18), and electroacupuncture group (=18). The rats in the latter two groups underwent thigh incision and femoral dissection under anesthesia; the rats in electro-acupuncture group received electro-acupuncture at bilateral Zusanli acupoint for 15 min before anesthesia and 1 h after the surgery. The rats in the model group and electro-acupuncture group were sacrificed at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after the operation and blood samples were taken from the ventricle for analyzing CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cell subpopulations and calculation of CD4/CD8 using flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6.@*RESULTS@#The CD3 T cell subpopulation was significantly lower in the model group and electro-acupuncture group than in the blank group at 6 h and 24 h after the operation. At 72 h after the operation, CD3 subpopulation levels still remained low in the model group, but recovered the control level in electro-acupuncture group. At each time point of measurement, CD3 level was significantly lower in the model group than in the electro-acupuncture group. CD4 level in the model group was significantly lowered at 6 h and 24 h after the operation, and recovered the control level at 72 h. In the electro-acupuncture group, CD4 level was significantly lowered at 6 h after the operation, but recovered the control level at 24 h. At 24 h and 72 h, the levels of CD4 were significantly lower in the model group than in the electro-acupuncture group. CD8 level underwent no significant changes after the operation in either the model group or electro-acupuncture group. CD4/CD8 was significantly lowered at 24 h and 72 h after the operation in the model group but showed no significant variation in the electro-acupuncture group. Compared with that in the control group, IL-1 level was significantly lowered in both the model group and electroacupuncture group at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after the operation, and was significantly lower in the model group than in the electroacupuncture group at these time points. IL-6 level increased significantly in the model group and the electro- acupuncture group at 6 h and 24 h. at 72 h, IL-6 level was obviously lowered in the electro-acupuncture group but remained elevated in the model group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electro-acupuncture alleviates postoperative immune suppression and promotes recovery of the immune function in rats, suggesting a protective effect of electro-acupuncture at Zusanli acupoint on cellular immune function after surgery.

Clinical Usefulness of Monitoring Cytomegalovirus-Specific Immunity by Quantiferon-CMV in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a well-established cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). CD8⁺ T-cells are important for controlling CMV infection. We conducted a prospective pilot study to investigate the clinical utility of measuring the CMV-specific T-cell immune response using the QuantiFERON-CMV assay (QF-CMV) in pediatric allo-HSCT recipients. Overall, 16 of 25 (64%) patients developed CMV infection. QF-CMV was evaluated in these 16 patients during the early and late phases of the first CMV infection post allo-HSCT. Whereas the initial QF-CMV results during the early phase of CMV infection did not correlate with the course of the corresponding infection, the QF-CMV results post resolution of the first CMV infection correlated with the recurrence of CMV infection until 12 months post allo-HSCT; no recurrent infections occurred in the four QF-CMV-positive patients, while recurrent infections manifested in five of eight QF-CMV-negative (62.5%) and all three QF-CMV-indeterminate patients (P=0.019). In spite of the small number of patients examined, this study supports the potential application of monitoring CMV-specific T-cell immunity using the QF-CMV assay to predict the recurrence of CMV infection in pediatric allo-HSCT recipients.

The effects of rhubarb on expression of glucocorticoids receptor and peripheral blood lymphocytes in burning-induced septic rats / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb on the expression of glucocorticoids receptor (GR)and peripheral blood lymphocytes in burning-induced septic rats. Methods Sixty-six male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operated control group(n=18),sepsis model group(n=24) and rhubarb treatment group(n=24),each group was further randomly divided into 12,24 and 72 hours subgroups according to different time points. The model of scald sepsis was replicated by scald injury induced by boiling water at the rat back accounting for 30% total body surface area(Ⅲ grade of scald),and administration of endotoxin (5 mg/kg)into the peritoneal cavity 12 hours after scald injury. After the successful establishment of septic models, the rats in the rhubarb treatment group were immediately infused with 50 mg/kg rhubarb powder dissolved in 1 mL saline through a gastric tube,while the rats in sham operated control group and sepsis model group received saline by the same way as a substitute for rhubarb. The the binding capacity of GR of peripheral blood leucocyte and binding activity of GR of hepatocyte were analyzed by radiation ligands binding assay. The CD4+,CD8+as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometer. Results The binding capacity of GR of peripheral blood leucocyte and binding activity of GR of hepatocyte were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in sepsis model group compared to those of the sham operated control group,while in the rhubarb treatment group they were increased in a time-dependent manner after interference of rhubarb, and they were higher than those in the model group at the same time points〔leukocyte GR binding capacity (locus/cell)at 12,24,72 hours :1 515.38±300.44,1 859.63±258.26,1 890.50±307.88 vs. 1 122.63±225.39, 1 008.88±150.41,724.38±91.19;hepatocyte GR binding capacity(fmol/mg):210.19±26.26,258.01±20.98, 283.38±38.21 vs. 153.11±30.07, 129.83±26.89, 94.08±14.30, all P<0.01〕. Compared with the sham operated control group,the CD4+ and CD8+ were decreased in various degrees at 12 hours and 24 hours in the septic group, at 24 hours the differences being statistically significant (P<0.01 and P<0.05). CD4+/CD8+ratios were decreased significantly at all time points,the differences were statistically significant at 24 hours and 72 hours(both P<0.01). The CD4+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ ratio at all the time points were increased at various degrees in the rhubarb treatment group,and the differences from those in the sepsis model group at 24 hours and 72 hours were statistically significant (1.58±0.69, 1.56±0.49 vs. 1.02±0.41, 1.01±1.68, both P<0.01). Conclusion Rhubarb can modulate the binding capacity of GR of peripheral blood leucocyte and the binding activity of GR of hepatocyte,and via its influence on the number of peripheral leucocytes,the immune dysfunction in the sepsis processes is improved.

The impact of hepatitis B virus concurrent infection on peripheral T cells in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:The clinical relevance of HBV infection with respect to diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL) patients and immune patterns of T lymphocyte subsets during chemotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of T-cell mediated immunity in DLBCL patients with HBV infection, thereafter, to explore the possible cell-mediated immune mechanisms of HBsAg positive HBV infection on the survival of DLBCL. Methods:A total of 294 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were enrolled in this cohort study. Four-color flow cytometric method was used to enumerate the absolute number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ratio in peripheral blood samples, at the onset of disease, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-12 months after the initiation of chemotherapy, individually. Results:The absolute number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes in both groups were similar at the onset of disease;the count of CD4+lymphocytes was lower in HBsAg positive group during 2 to 4 months after the initiation of chemotherapy, compared with that in the HBsAg negative group. During 4 to 12 months after chemotherapy, the CD4+/CD8+ratio in peripheral blood samples was significantly lower in HBsAg positive group. Conclusion:For newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who received chemotherapy, the dynamic nature of cell mediated immune response was characterized as a low counts of CD4+T lymphocyte during the ifrst several cycles of chemother-apy followed by a decreased circulating CD4+/CD8+ratio. Depressions of cell immunity after chemotherapy in HBsAg positive DLBCL patients were greater and prolonged.

New vaccines against influenza virus

Vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-benefit interventions that prevent the mortality and reduce morbidity from infectious pathogens. However, the licensed influenza vaccine induces strain-specific immunity and must be updated annually based on predicted strains that will circulate in the upcoming season. Influenza virus still causes significant health problems worldwide due to the low vaccine efficacy from unexpected outbreaks of next epidemic strains or the emergence of pandemic viruses. Current influenza vaccines are based on immunity to the hemagglutinin antigen that is highly variable among different influenza viruses circulating in humans and animals. Several scientific advances have been endeavored to develop universal vaccines that will induce broad protection. Universal vaccines have been focused on regions of viral proteins that are highly conserved across different virus subtypes. The strategies of universal vaccines include the matrix 2 protein, the hemagglutinin HA2 stalk domain, and T cell-based multivalent antigens. Supplemented and/or adjuvanted vaccination in combination with universal target antigenic vaccines would have much promise. This review summarizes encouraging scientific advances in the field with a focus on novel vaccine designs.

The relationship between the serum prolactin, immunity and prognosis of the critical patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To clarify the relationship between the serum prolactin (PRL),immunity and prognosis of the critical patients.Methods The data of 80 patients with complete clinical data in the Intensive Care Unit of the Fujian Provincial Hospital during October 1,2010 to October 1,2011 were collected.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the prognosis:death group and survival group.Fasting blood is extracted respectively on the morning of the 2nd day after they were admitted,the 4th day and the 8th day.Chemiluminescence immunoassay system was used to detect the serum PRL,flow cytometers to test peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets,and immunization rate nephelometry to check the 5 items for bumoral immunity in peripheral blood.The multi-factor repeated measure analysis of variance was used in the comparison of the two groups.Results Compared with those of the survival group,the serum PRL (P=0.037,0.036,0.030),the percentages of CD3+ (P=0.034,0.023,0.023),CD4+ (P =0.046,0.003,0.046) and CD8+ (P =0.040,0.039,0.045) cells of the death group were significantly lower.However,positive correlation exists between the value of serum PRL and the percentages ofCD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ cells (P=0.004,0.043,0.003):the higher the former,the higher the latter.Conclusions The change of cellular immunity is important for the prognosis of the patients.Downgradationof the cellular innunity indicates an undesirable prognosis.The serum PRL may work positively on cellular immunity.

Effect of autologous blood transfusion on cytoimmunity during orthopedic operation / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the effect of autologous blood transfusion on cytoimmunity during orthopedic operation.Methods Two hundred and twenty-six patients undertaken selective operation from June 2007 to October 2011 were divided into observation group ( 154 cases) and control group (72 cases).The observation group was received autologous blood transfusion and the control group was given homologous transfusion.T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cell counts in blood samples were detected by flow cytometry before operation and 1,6 days after operation.Results CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,NK cell of the observation group and control group on 1st day of postoperation were 0.7184 ±0.0921,0.3878 ±0.0611,1.64 ± 0.27,0.1627 ± 0.0633 and 0.6548 ± 0.0852,0.3137 ± 0.0726,1.18 ± 0.31,0.1465 ± 0.0514,respectively,which decreased obviously compared with those of preoperation in both groups (0.7436 ± 0.1069,0.4301 ±0.0818,1.68 ±0.31,0.1945 ±0.0572 and 0.7537 ±0.0940,0.4453 ±0.0608,1.62 ± 0.32,0.1821 ± 0.0571 ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).The above parameters of the observation group were significandy higher than those of the control group on 1 st day of postoperation (P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK cell on the 6th day of postoperation compared with the preoperation in the observation group (P ＞ 0.05).But CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CDs+ and NK cell on the 6th day of the postoperation were 0.6266 ± 0.0905,0.3048 ± 0.0425,1.07 ± 0.27,0.1408 ± 0.0716,which were significantly lower than the preoperation in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intraoperative autologous blood transfusion have less inhibitory effect on cytoimmunity than homologous transfusion.The patients having autologous blood transfusion have a rapid recovery of cytoimmunity.

Study on antigen-specific T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients accepting antiviral therapy / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the responses of antigen-specific T cells stimulated by hepatitis B virus(HBV)-specific proteins in chronic hepatitis B patients accepting antiviral therapy. Methods Seventeen patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) accepting antiviral therapy were included in this study. The peripheral blood monocular cell ( PBMC) were separated from the whole blood collected at the three different time of before and one and three months after accepting antiviral therapy. ELISPOT assay was used to detect the frequency and strength of secreting IFN-γ cells of PBMC stimulated by HBsAg, HBcAg and HBeAg. HBV virus loading, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT and AST in serum were detected at the same time. Results After three months therapy, ALT, TBiL were improved in all patients, and HBV DNA level were dropped and undetectable in 11 cases. The rates of T cell response in patients to HBV specific proteins were 64. 7% , 76. 5% and 82. 4% at the time of before and one and three months after accepting antiviral therapy, respectively. The frequency of responses of antigen-specific T cells stimulated by HBcAg was higher than that stimulated by HBsAg or HBeAg, and the frequency was enhanced after antiviral therapy. The average response magnitude was expressed as spot forming cells (SFC) per million input cells. SFC of T cell responses to HBcAg was also higher than to HBsAg or HBeAg. There was no significant difference in SFC of T cell responses to HBsAg or HBeAg at the time of before and after antiviral therapy, but there were significant difference in SFC of T cell responses to HBcAg at the time of before and after antiviral therapy. SFC of T cell responses to HBcAg was negatively associated with HBV DNA, and no associated with level of ALT in serum. Conclusion The responses of antigen-specific T cells were improved in CHB patients accepting antiviral therapy which associated with the decrease of HBV DNA. It suggested to investigate HBV specific T cell responses was important.

Transcript atlas of cell immunity-associated gene uncovers physiological activities in 8 liver cell types of rat regenerating liver / 解剖学报

ObjectiveTo study the transcript atlas of cell immunity-associated genes in 8 liver cell types including hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, oval cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinus endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells and dendritic cells from the rat regenerating liver. Methods The 8 liver cell types were isolated respectively by Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with immune magnetic beads separation method. Their expression changes in the regenerating livers were detected by Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, the expression patterns and the predicted physiological activities of cell immunity-associated genes were analyzed by Cluster program, and the methods of bioinformation and systematic biology. Results A total of 40 cell immunity-associated genes yielded the meaningful expression changes in liver regeneration, the corresponding gene numbers in 8 liver cell types were 19, 19, 9, 19, 19, 21, 22 and 21, respectively. It suggested that the formation of antigen peptide-MHC complexes, the NF-κB kinase activity and the production of cytokines like IL-2 were enhanced at the priming and progressing phases of liver regeneration. The biological activities, such as NF-κB-promoting cell differentiation and caspase-induced T cell apoptosis, were elevated at termination phase.Conclusion The rat liver regeneration is associated with cell immunity.

Expression changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets following acute spinal cord injury in rats / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To observe the changes of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets following acute spinal cord injury and investigate the possible mechanism of these changes. Methods The SCI models of rats were made by Allen's method. Forty SD rats were divided into four groups, ie,normal control group, sham operation group, 100 g·cm group and 200 g·cm group. The expressions of CD4 and CD8 subsets of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte of the injured rats were determined by immunofluorescence labelling and flow cytometry at different times after injury. Results It was found that the expression of CD4 was significantly reduced to (30.40±4.76)% in 100 g·cm group and to (26.54± 9.34) % in 200 g·cm group, which were significantly lower than that of normal control group ( P ＜0.01 ). At 36 hours after injury, the ratio of CD4/CD8 was significantly reduced to 1.81 ± 0.55 in 100 g·cm group and and 1.29 ± 0.50 in 200 g·cm group, with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The immunoreaction is significantly depressed at the early stage of acute spinal cord injury. The severer injury results in more significant decrease of CD4 and ratio of CD4/CD8. The changes of CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio can be used to indicate the severity of spinal cord injury.

Glia-immunity Interactions Underlying Mechanisms of Pain (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Pain is classically viewed as being mediated solely by neurons. This view is dramatically changing by new research that spinal cord glial cells amplify pain. Recognition that glial activation is a powerful driving force for exaggerated pain opens up new ways to approach effective clinical pain control. The authors reviewed spinal cord glial cells and cytokines as key players in the creation and maintenance of neuropathic pain.

Application of Aiyishu injection in adjuvant treatment of breast cancer after operation and curative effect evaluation / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate the effect of Aiyishu injection on the cellular immunity state of body and toxic and side reaction in post-operation patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy .Methods Seventy patients with breast carcinoma at stage Ⅰ-ⅢA were randomly divided into treatment group (Aiyishu associated CAF regimen) (n=36) and control group (CAF regimen) (n=34).The activities of T cells and NK cells were examined in two groups before and after treatment,and the toxic, side reaction and living quality were also compared.Results The levels of CD3,CD4,CD8 and the ratio of CD4/CD8 and the activity of NK cells in treatment group were higher than those in control group (P

Influence of cryosurgery on T cellular immunity in patients with malignancies / 介入放射学杂志

Cryosurgery has already become one of the main means to treat advanced malignancies.Not only can the cryosurgery kill the tumor cells directly, it can make the human body to activate T cellular immunity as well.The purpose of this article is to summarize the achievements in the research related to the influence of cryosurgery on T cellular immunity in patients with malignancies and also to make a prospect of cryosurgery therapy in near future.

Effect of two colloidal fluids on red blood cell immune function in dog model of hemorrhagic shock / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (trade name: voluven) and polygeline on dog with hemorrhagic shock and their effect on immune function of red blood cells (RBC). Methods Eighteen dogs were randomized into three groups (n=6 in each group): normal sodium group, voluven group and polygeline group. Hemorrhagic shock models were set up according to Wiggers’ method. The mean arterial pressure value was bled to (45.56?3.69) mmHg within 10 min and maintained at this level for 60 min. Subsequently the dogs were resuscitated with normal saline or voluven or polygeline. The hemodynamics were measured before and 60 min after shock and 10, 30 and 60 min after infusion. The concentrations of MDA in plasm, C3b receptor garland rate (RBC-C3bRR) and RBC immune complexes garland rate (RBC-ICR) were measured. Results At 60 min after shock, MAP and CO were significantly lower than these before shock (P

Effect of Roxithromycin on Cellular Immune Function of Mice / 中国药房

S OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of roxithromycin on cellular immune function and to study its anti-in-flammatory and immunoregulation effects beside its antibacterial effect.METHODS:The mice were randomized into negative control group,roxithromycin(high,medium,low dosage group)groups and dexamethasone group,the splenic lymphocyte conversion ratio of each group was determined by in vivo method and in vitro method respectively after14days of intragastric administration of drugs.RESULTS:Compared with the negative control group,roxithromycin(high,medium,low dosage)groups could significantly reduce splenic lymphocyte conversion ratio of mice(P

Effects of tripter gium wilfordi on urine mononeuclear cells and CD44 expression in patients with IgA nephropathy / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the possible therapeutic mechanisms of triptergium wilfordi in treating glomerulonephritis.Methods:Thirty seven patients with IgA nephropathy were detected urine mononeuclear cells densities with flow cytometry during taking triptergium wilfordi tablets,30 healthy people were used as normal control.Results:The patients urine CD3 +?CD4 +?CD8 +?CD14 + and CD44 + cells densities were much higher than normal control's,but obviously decreased after triptergium wilfordi treatment.CD4/CD8 ratio was much lower in patients than in normal control.It increased markedly after treatment.Patients who reached remission initially had a lower CD4 + cell percentage and higher CD14 + cells percentage than those showed no response to triptergium wilfordi treatment.Conclusion:Triptergium wilfordi could modulate kidney immune cell function and adhesive molecule CD44 expression.Its effects were associated with renal immunity.

Effect of serum containing total flavonoids from roots of Daphne genkwa on cell immunity in mice / 中草药

Objective To establish HPLC method for assaying total flavonoids from the roots of Daphne genkwa(TFRD) in serum of mice and to elucidate the effect of mice serum containing TFRD on cell immunity in mice.Methods TFRD Concentration in serum was determined from the mice received single ig TFRD at certain time intervals using HPLC method.The effects of TFRD serum on lymphocyte proliferation,killing activities of NK and LAK cell,and phagocytic activity of macrophage were detected by MTT method.Results TFRD in serum reached its highest concentration in 20—30 min after ig admi-(nistration.) TFRD-containing serum significantly improved the proliferation of lymphocyte,enhanced the killing activities of NK and LAK cells,and enforced the phagocytic activity of macrophage.Conclusion(TFRD-)containing serum is an effective agents for enhancing cell immunity in mice.