Gangrena de Fournier secundaria a cuerpo extraño: Reporte de caso / Fournier's gangrene secondary to a foreign body: Case report

Introducción. La gangrena de Fournier es un proceso infeccioso progresivo que compromete piel, tejido celular subcutáneo, grasa y fascia subyacente, con una incidencia de 1,6 pacientes por cada 100.000 personas/año. Se considera una urgencia quirúrgica, que requiere de manejo oportuno, ya que puede llegar a ser fatal, con una tasa de mortalidad del 20 al 35 %, que es más alta en hombres, en la tercera década de la vida y en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 44 años de edad, quien cursó con gangrena de Fournier secundaria a una espina de pescado de 5 cm de largo, incrustada en la unión anorrectal. Resultados. El paciente fue manejado por urología y cirugía general, requirió hospitalización en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y curaciones por parte de terapia enterostomal, con resultados satisfactorios. Conclusiones. Sus posibles causas son múltiples y en ocasiones puede ser desencadenada por un factor externo, como un cuerpo extraño. Uno de los factores predisponentes es la obesidad. El diagnóstico oportuno y un tratamiento con intervención multidisciplinaria mejoran la sobrevida y la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Introduction. Fournier's gangrene is a progressive infectious process that involves skin, subcutaneous tissue, fat and underlying fascia, with an incidence of 1.6 per 100,000 people/year. It is considered a surgical emergency, which requires timely management since it can be fatal, with a mortality rate of 20 to 35%, which is higher in men, in the third decade of life and in immunocompromised patients. Clinical case. Clinical case. A 44-year-old male patient is presented with Fournier's gangrene secondary to a 5 cm long fishbone embedded in the anorectal junction. Results. The patient was managed by urology and general surgery, requiring hospitalization in the ICU and treated by enterostomal therapy with satisfactory results. Conclusions. Its possible causes are multiple and sometimes it can be triggered by an external factor, such as a foreign body. One of the predisposing factors is obesity. Timely diagnosis and treatment with multidisciplinary intervention improve survival and quality of life of patients

Celulitis eosinofílica (síndrome de Wells) en una paciente en edad pediátrica / Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome) in a female pediatric patient

El síndrome de Wells o celulitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad inflamatoria de origen desconocido, de aparición infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Suele manifestarse clínicamente como placas eritematoedematosas, nódulos, pápulas, ampollas, entre otros. Se presenta una paciente en edad pediátrica con nódulos subcutáneos asintomáticos generalizados asociados a eosinofilia grave. El estudio histopatológico de las lesiones fue compatible con celulitis de Wells. Se realizó una evaluación interdisciplinaria en busca de la causa y trastornos eosinofílicos asociados, sin resultados positivos. Se indicó tratamiento sistémico con corticoides y presentó buena respuesta, pero, ante la recidiva de las lesiones tras su suspensión, se indicó dapsona como tratamiento de segunda línea, con mejoría posterior de las lesiones y de la eosinofilia. El objetivo del reporte es presentar una paciente con una manifestación atípica de síndrome de Wells y su desafío terapéutico.

Wells' syndrome, or eosinophilic cellulitis, is an inflammatory disease of unknown origin, uncommon in the pediatric age. It usually appears clinically as erythematous and edematous plaques, nodules, papules, blisters, among other symptoms. Here we describe the case of a female pediatric patient with generalized, asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules associated with severe eosinophilia. The histopathological examination of the lesions was compatible with Wells' syndrome. An interdisciplinary evaluation was performed to establish the cause and look for associated eosinophilic disorders; the results were negative. Systemic corticosteroids were indicated and the patient had a good response; however, in view of the recurrence of the lesions after treatment discontinuation, dapsone was indicated as a second-line treatment, with subsequent improvement of the lesions and eosinophilia. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a female patient with an atypical manifestation of Wells' syndrome and the resulting therapeutic challenge.

Aeromonas sobria cellulitis with septic shock: rare but potentially lethal in chronic liver disease

Aeromonas, a common bacterial resident of freshwater is known to cause gastrointestinal illness in humans. Contaminated water and aquatic foods are the usual sources. Gastrointestinal disease is usually mild in normal individuals and responds to common antibiotics. However, extra-intestinal infections by Aeromonas species have been increasingly reported. Severe skin and soft tissue infection followed by septic shock may be seen in immunocompromised individuals. Bacteremia can also occur secondary to invasive gastroenteritis in persons with impaired immunity. Patients with decompensated chronic liver disease have been noted to be at especially high risk for fatal infection due to this pathogen. It can cause early bacteremia and rapid death without surgical debridement. We report a case of fatal Aeromonas cellulitis with septic shock in a patient with known advanced alcoholic liver disease. It started following minor skin injury and subsequent exposure to pond water. The patient presented late with septic shock and succumbed to his illness.

Resolución Quirúrgica para Un Caso de Polisinusitis de Origen Odontogénico / Surgical Resolution for A Case of Polysinusitis of Odontogenic Origin

La celulitis orbitaria es una patología grave que está asociada con sinusitis paranasal. Éstas suelen presentar edema periorbitario, dolor, y movimiento extraocular restringido. La mayoría de los casos presentan pronóstico favorable, asociado a terapia antibiótica o drenaje quirúrgico. Las celulitis de origen odontogénico representan 2 a 5 % de todos los casos; se caracterizan por una diseminación del proceso infeccioso desde los ápices de las raíces, infectando al seno maxilar, llegando a la órbita a través de la fisura orbitaria inferior o a través de un defecto en el piso de la órbita. En el presente estudio se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 28 años que consulta por aumento de volumen periorbitario izquierdo con 4 días de evolución, posterior a exodoncia de segundo molar superior izquierdo. Al examen extraoral presenta aumento de volumen izquierdo con eritema periorbitario, proptosis ocular ipsilateral con visión conservada, y salida de líquido purulento por fosa nasal izquierda. En los exámenes de laboratorio e imagenológicos se pesquisa compromiso de seno maxilar, etmoidal y esfenoidal, decidiendo su hospitalización y manejo quirúrgico en tres tiempos operatorios, los cuales permiten acceso a pared anterior del seno maxilar y a espacio pterigoideo. Dentro de los diagnósticos de celulitis orbitaria pueden incluir reacciones alérgicas, conjuntivitis o herpes. Se excluyeron los diagnósticos mencionados debido a que no se observaron alteraciones dermocutáneas periorbitarias. Por el contrario, el compromiso unilateral, movimiento ocular alterado y doloroso indica que el cuadro abarcaba espacios profundos. La infección de senos paranasales posterior a una exodoncia es una complicación poco frecuente. Un diagnóstico temprano adecuado disminuye la morbilidad y mortalidad de esta condición. Debemos estar alertas a complicaciones posteriores en procedimientos realizados, tener conocimiento en diagnóstico y manejo de posibles evoluciones tórpidas en pacientes.

Orbital cellulitis is a serious pathology that is associated with paranasal sinusitis. These medical conditions usually present with periorbital edema, pain, and restricted extraocular movement. Most cases have a favorable prognosis, associated with antibiotic therapy or surgical drainage. Cellulitis of odontogenic origin represents 2 to 5 % of all cases. They are characterized by a spread of the infectious process from the apices of the roots, infecting the maxillary sinus, reaching the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure or through a defect in the floor of the orbit. The present study reports the case of a 28-year-old male patient, who consulted for a volume increase in left periorbital volume with 4 days of evolution, after extraction of the upper left second molar. Extraoral examination showed left volume increase with periorbital erythema, ipsilateral ocular proptosis with preserved vision, and discharge of purulent fluid from the left nostril. The laboratory and imaging tests showed compromise of the maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinus deciding on hospitalization and surgical management in three operative times, which allow access to the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and the pterygoid space. Diagnoses of orbital cellulitis may include allergic reactions, conjunctivitis, or herpes. These diagnoses were excluded because no periorbital dermocutaneous alterations were observed. In contrast, unilateral involvement, impaired eye movement, and pain indicate that the condition involved deep spaces. Paranasal sinus infection after tooth extraction is a rare complication. An early diagnosis adequately decreases the morbidity and mortality of this condition. We must be alert to subsequent complications in procedures performed, have knowledge in diagnosis and management of possible torpid evolutions in patients.

Fascitis necrosante periocular / Necrotizing Periocular Fasciitis

La fascitis necrosante es una enfermedad rara y potencialmente mortal, que se produce por una infección grave que se disemina desde las fascias superficiales destruyendo el tejido celular subcutáneo y la piel suprayacente. Las formas perioculares de la enfermedad son aún más raras y pueden tener graves consecuencias para el paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue contrastar los hallazgos clínicos y los resultados terapéuticos en una serie de cuatro casos diagnosticados en el Centro Oftalmológico de Holguín en el curso de cinco años. Entre 2017 y 2022 se diagnosticaron cuatro pacientes con formas perioculares de fascitis necrosante en el Centro Oftalmológico de Holguín. Dos pacientes tuvieron antecedentes de trauma menor. El dolor predominó entre los síntomas locales. Se identificaron dos patrones de lesiones: bilateral con ulceración y afectación de la región palpebral superior y unilateral con extensión en ambos párpados y apariencia oscura de la piel. Los pacientes evolucionaron a la gravedad con deterioro del estado general. El desbridamiento del tejido necrótico y el tratamiento con antibióticos de amplio espectro permitieron detener el progreso de la enfermedad, aunque quedaron secuelas anatómicas y funcionales. Un paciente falleció como consecuencia de una leucemia diagnosticada durante su ingreso. El reconocimiento temprano de la fascitis necrosante periocular y su inmediato tratamiento es indispensable para garantizar resultados óptimos y la supervivencia del paciente. Las formas perioculares pueden tener apariencia clínica diversa, lo que debe ser tenido en cuenta ante la sospecha de este cuadro, sobre todo por la similitud inicial con la celulitis preseptal(AU)

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and potentially fatal disease caused by a severe infection that spreads from the superficial fasciae destroying the subcutaneous cellular tissue and overlying skin. Periocular forms of the disease are even rarer and can have serious consequences for the patient. The aim of this study was to contrast clinical findings and therapeutic outcomes in a series of four cases diagnosed at the Holguin Ophthalmology Center over the course of five years. Between 2017 and 2022, four patients with periocular forms of necrotizing fasciitis were diagnosed at the Holguín Ophthalmologic Center. Two patients had a history of minor trauma. Pain predominated among the local symptoms. Two patterns of lesions were identified: bilateral with ulceration and involvement of the upper palpebral region and unilateral with extension in both eyelids and dark appearance of the skin. Patients progressed to severity with deterioration of general condition. Debridement of necrotic tissue and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics halted disease progression, although anatomical and functional sequelae remained. One patient died as a result of leukemia diagnosed during his admission. Early recognition of periocular necrotizing fasciitis and its immediate treatment is essential to ensure optimal outcome and patient survival. Periocular forms can have different clinical appearances, which should be taken into account when suspecting this condition, especially due to the initial similarity with preseptal cellulitis(AU)

Exacerbación del síndrome de túnel del carpo secundario a síndrome doloroso regional complejo

Introducción: El síndrome doloroso regional complejo se caracteriza por hiperalgesia, dolor espontáneo o inducido, y alteraciones sensoriales, tróficas y motoras. Genera una limitación funcional severa y, en ocasiones, se asocia al inicio o la exacerbación del síndrome de túnel del carpo. Objetivo: Caracterizar la relación entre el síndrome de túnel del carpo y el síndrome doloroso regional complejo. Presentación de caso: Se describe el caso de una paciente del sexo femenino, con 54 años y antecedente de Síndrome de túnel del carpo en miembro superior derecho. Este se exacerbó por la aparición de un síndrome doloroso regional complejo secundario a celulitis. Conclusiones: La aparición y la exacerbación aguda del Síndrome de túnel del carpo se deben considerar complicaciones del síndrome doloroso regional complejo para manejar y reducir las secuelas funcionales.

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndrome is characterized by hyperalgesia, spontaneous or induced pain, and sensory, trophic, and motor alterations. It generates severe functional limitation and it is sometimes associated with the onset or exacerbation of carpal tunnel syndrome. Objective: To characterize the relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. Case report: We report the case of a 54-year-old female patient with a history of carpal tunnel syndrome in the right upper limb. This was exacerbated by the appearance of a complex regional pain syndrome secondary to cellulitis. Conclusions: The onset and acute exacerbation of carpal tunnel syndrome should be considered complications of complex regional pain syndrome to manage and reduce functional sequelae.

PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONSERVATIVE VERSUS OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT AMONG PATIENT WITH CELLULITIS

INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissuethat is more generalized than erysipelas and associated with broken skin and pre-existingulceration. Mild cases of cellulitis are generally treated with oral antibiotics, GlycerinMgSO4 dressing & affected part elevation and severe cases required admission & higherantibiotics, skin & blood culture & sensitivity & in case of systemic symptoms & abscessoperative management is required.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:• To observe the outcome of conservative and operative patients in view ofcomorbidity and after treatment complications.• Following factors are accounting before conclusive outcome.• To understand the patients characteristics, comorbidity and mode of presentation.• To study spectrum of organism isolated from patient undergoing conservative oroperative management.• To compare treatment modality and outcome in management of cellulitis.MATERIAL & METHODS: Data consists of primary data collected by the principalinvestigator directly from the patients who were admitted from OPD in the GCS medicalcollege and hospital. It was observational study for a period of six months from April2022 to September 2022 under sample size was 50 cases.CONCLUSION: We recommended Operative management over Conservativemanagement in cellulitis because single operative incision can release toxic fluid fromaffected part and can promote faster healing and better recovery and less hospital stay.Patient has less mental trauma, less pain and more economical benefits in Operativemanagement therefore study concludes Operative management is superior Compared toConservative management. However, conservative management is preferable in earlystages of cellulitis.

Cutaneous tuberculosis presenting as abdominal wall cellulitis: a case report

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a prevalent disease worldwide; according to World Health Organization (WHO), children and young adolescents represent about 11% of all people with TB globally. Although TB often is cited as a disease that commonly occurs in underdeveloped countries, the evolution of drug-resistant forms of TB and infection sensitivity of immunocompromised individuals have made this disease as a focal point for developed countries as well. Although pulmonary TB is the most common form worldwide, but TB can infect any organ of the body. An uncommon version- cutaneous TB- affects <2% of all individuals with active form of TB. This case report describes a 4-month-old child who presented to us with abdominal wall cellulitis following a history of fall related injury. Incision and drainage of the pus from the fluctuant area grew acid fast bacilli on Zeihl-Neelsen staining. After the child didn’t show any improvement with intravenous antibiotics, empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated after which there was marked improvement. Cutaneous TB constitutes a very small percentage of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and is rarely seen in paediatric age group.

Efficacy of Ayurvedic Medicines and Leech Therapy on Psoriasis, Complicated by Recurrent Cellulitis: A Case Report

Cellulitis and Psoriasis are common bacterial skin infections. Psoriasis affects 1-3 percent of the world's population. According to Ayurveda, it is a curable disease, and leech therapy, a bloodletting method is considered the effective method in the treatment of psoriasis and cellulitis with no side effects. To evaluate the efficacy of leech therapy, Ayurvedic medicine, and lifestyle modification in the management of psoriasis complicated by recurrent cellulitis and other co-morbidities. This is a case report of a known diabetic and obese 39-year-old female patient. An Ayurvedic management plan and dietary modifications with leech application were administered to the patient. Leech application was done in five sessions with regular follow-ups. Leech therapy showed outstanding results in producing symptomatic relief for patients. It has helped the patient in reducing the condition of Psoriasis and Cellulitis with no common steroid therapy complications like weight gain and hyperglycemia. In this study, leech therapy showed excellent results in producing symptomatic relief for the patient. Leech therapy has a considerable anti-psoriatic and anticellulite impact without causing any toxicity or side effects.

Interdisciplinary care in orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in children

Purpose: Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition with potentially severe complications. Treatment requires interdisciplinary care and early introduction of antimicrobial therapy. In our tertiary center, a team of pediatricians, pediatric ophthalmologists, and otorhinolaryngologists successfully participated in the management of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis. This study aimed to demonstrate our interdisciplinary approach and to investigate clinical profile and management of pediatric periorbital/ orbital cellulitis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all pediatric patients hospitalized for periorbital and orbital cellulitis in a tertiary hospital center from September 15, 2016, to March 15, 2020. Results: A total of 26 children—median age 2.7 years (range 0.5–12)—were treated during the study period. Disease presentation was unilateral, mainly during winter (n = 12) and autumn (n = 12), without ophthalmoplegia/proptosis. Seven patients had orbital cellulitis (Chandler classification of ??) and were older (6.5 years, P = 0.011) with sinusitis (P < 0.001), required surgery (P = 0.004), underwent longer antimicrobial treatment (13 days, P < 0.001), and had a longer length of hospital stay (13.43 days, P = 0.001). Orbital cellulitis occurred in a median of three days (range 1–12) of acute rhinosinusitis. Radiological survey was performed in 11 patients, whereas six patients were treated surgically. All intraoperatively collected cultures (sinus swabs) were positive, whereas Streptococcus pyogenes and Peptostreptococcus were isolated in five cases. All patients fully recovered. No recurrence was documented. Conclusion: Sinusitis is associated with severe orbital cellulitis and surgical management. Orbital cellulitis occurred early in the course of acute rhinosinusitis, as a distinctive presentation of rhinosinusitis. Interdisciplinary care and early management are crucial in treatment of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis

Cases of Orbital Cellulitis Revealing Neglected Intraocular Foreign Bodies

Background: Orbital cellulitis is defined as acute inflammatory orbital swelling of infectious origin. Most often secondary to sinusitis. Intraocular foreign bodies neglected because of their small size, or sometimes radio-transparent nature, can be difficult to diagnose even with radiology and be responsible for orbital cellulitis. We demonstrate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients with unilateral orbital cellulitis revealing neglected intraocular foreign bodies, conducted in the Department of Adult Ophthalmology, Hospital August 20, 1953, involving 58 patients, from January 2015 until December 2020.Results: The average age of the patients was 38.5 years. The most affected age group was between 21 and 30 years with a clear male predominance. A decrease in visual acuity was found in all patients (unilateral blindness 43%) and a cellulitis complicated by a purulent melt (43%). All patients received medical treatment, including intravitreal injections of antibiotics in 71% of cases, and surgical treatment consisting of extraction of the foreign body and immediate evisceration of the eyeball in 25% of cases.Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis, although mostly secondary to sinusitis, can reveal various etiologies such as intra-orbital foreign bodies that can go unnoticed and be life-threatening and functionally damaging, especially when the diagnosis is made late and management is inappropriate. The presence of an intraocular foreign body must be suspected in all cases of orbital trauma associated with a palpebral wound, even if it is minimal, or in the presence of a clinical aggravation. Any delay in diagnosis and/or treatment can lead to serious complications that can affect the functional and even vital prognosis. The surgical treatment consists of the extraction of the foreign body. The recourse to evisceration in our context unfortunately continues to persist at high rates; because of the delay of consultation and thus of the management.

Alliance between risk factors and grievousness of mucormycosis in patients suffering from COVID-19

Background: Mucormycosis is a black fungal mold showing a sudden surge in covid era and left as a trail of COVID-19. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that both mucormycosis and COVID-19 prey on the immunocompromised by colonizing the nose-sinuses-orbit-eye-brain. Methods: 30 patients of suspected ROCM were included which presented a gamut of red flags ranging from numbness and pain over the cheek to diminution of vision (DOV) and diplopia. Mucormycosis was confirmed by KOH mount and gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Ophthalmic assessment included visual acuity, IOP measurement, colour vision, extraocular movements, anterior and posterior segment evaluation using slit lamp and fundoscopy. Results: Risk factors being diabetes mellitus (73.3%), history of oxygen supply during hospital stay (53.3%) and hypertension (53.3%). 16/30 (53.3%) had good vision: <6/6 but >6/12. 11/30 (36.7%) had impaired vision: <6/12 but >6/60. 3/30 (10%) had poor vision: <6/60. Finding being DOV: 14 (46.7%) >chemosis: 10(33.3%) >restricted EOM: 5 (16.7%) >periorbital cellulitis: 4 (13.3%) >congestion: 4 (13.3%) >proptosis: 4 (13.3%). Conclusions: Thus, as there is a myriad of ocular manifestations, we have tried to portray the whole spectrum here. Patients with the above-mentioned risk factors must be eyed with suspicion since delay in diagnosis and appropriate management can have calamitous implications on patient survival. However, the intervention time varies depending on the various factors like availability of the resources, awareness of the patient and expertise available for diagnosis and treatment. As this disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, ophthalmic intervention should be followed by debridement of sinuses as and when required.

Bullous cellulitis as an extraordinary manifestation of a Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa infection

@#Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium synonymous with its namesake disease, cholera. Thus, gastrointestinal symptoms are the norm and V. cholerae is very rarely associated with skin and soft tissue infections. We describe a case of a 63-year-old Chinese woman with multiple medical comorbidities on corticosteroid therapy who developed fever and a painful swelling on her left leg after being pricked by a branch while gardening. There was no abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea. A diagnosis of bullous cellulitis was made clinically, and blood was sent for bacteriological culture. A beta-hemolytic commashaped gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the blood. It was also oxidase-positive and produced an acid/alkaline (A/K) reaction on triple sugar iron agar. It was identified biochemically as Vibrio cholerae. After additional testing, it was found to be of the O1 serogroup and Ogawa serotype. The infection resolved following a 10-day course of high-dose co-trimoxazole therapy.

Cellulite cervico-faciale à l'hôpital national Ignace Deen de Conakry: résultats d'une étude de 5 ans / Cervico-facial cellulitis at the Ignace Deen hospital in Conakry: results of a 5-year study

Introduction : La cellulite cervico-faciale est une diffusion cellulaire d'un foyer infectieux vers les tissus cellulo-adipeux du cou et de la face, avec une prédominance des anaérobies et des germes commensaux de la flore orale. L'objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à l'amélioration de la prise en charge de cellulites cervico-faciales à l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen. Méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude rétro-prospective de type descriptif sur une période de cinq (5) ans (01 janvier 2017 au 31 décembre 2021) réalisée aux services d'ORLCCF et d'Odontostomatologie/CMF de l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen de Conakry. Résultats : 97 patients qui présentaient une cellulite cervico-faciale, soit une fréquence de 4,36% ont été inclus. La tranche d'âge de 21 à 30 ans était la plus représentée soit 40,21%. L'âge moyen était de 33 ,15 ± 13,97 ans avec des extrêmes de 1 et 65 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 1,30. La tuméfaction douloureuse était le principal motif de consultation soit 98,97%. Les Anti-Inflammatoires Non Stéroïdiens étaient le facteur le plus présent chez 85 patients soit 78,35%. L'état général était peu satisfaisant chez 94 patients soit 96,91%. Une cellulite suppurée a été retrouvée chez 82,47% patients. Le traitement était médico-chirurgical chez 85 patients soit 87,63%. L'évolution était bonne chez 90 patients soit 92,78%. Conclusion : La cellulite cervico-faciale est une urgence médicochirurgicale qu'il faut savoir diagnostiquer et prendre en charge dans les meilleurs délais. Non traitée, elle peut engager le pronostic vital.

Introduction: Cervico-facial cellulitis is a cellular diffusion of an infection to the cellulo-adipose tissues of the neck and face, with a predominance of anaerobic and commensal germs of oral flora. The objective of this work was to contribute improving the management of cervicofacial cellulitis at Ignace Deen National Hospital. Methods: This was a five (5) year (01 January 2017 to 31 December 2021) descriptive retro-prospective study conducted at the ENT-RTC and Odontostomatology / FJA departments of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry. Results: 97 patients who presented cervico-facial cellulitis, i.e. a frequency of 4.36%, were included. The 21- 30 age group was the most represented, either 40.21%. The average age was 33.15 ± 13.97 years with extremes of 1 and 65 years. The sex ratio was 1.30. Painful swelling was the main reason for consultation, 98.97%. Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs were the most common factor in 85 of our patients, either 78.35%. The overall condition was unsatisfactory in 94 of our patients, either 96.91%. Suppurated cellulitis was found in 82.47% of our patients. Treatment was medico-surgical in 85 patients, either 87.63%. The evolution was good in 90 patients, either 92.78%. Conclusion: Cervico-facial cellulitis is a medical and surgical emergency that must be diagnosed and managed as soon as possible. If left untreated, it can trigger a vital prognosis.

Oral Healthcare Services Delivered During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Report from Eastern Mediterranean Region

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe oral healthcare services administered during the lockdown in the Eastern Mediterranean region and to investigate the role of socio-professional characteristics of dental practitioners or their self-reported COVID-19 infection. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to dental practitioners in all healthcare sectors in Jordan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Results: There was a total of 335 participants, with the majority being females (N=225, 67.2%) and general practitioners (N=202, 60.3%). Cellulitis was the most common emergency encountered (N=108). The most common urgent procedures were for pulpitis, abscesses, and pericoronitis (N=191, 130, and 95, respectively). Country-specific significant associations were pulpitis in Egypt and Jordan, broken symptomatic teeth in Jordan, and biopsy in Egypt (p<0.05). The Ministry of Health was significantly associated with the management of dental infections, avulsion, and orthodontic emergencies, while university hospitals were significantly associated with advanced restorative procedures (p<0.05). Male practitioners performed significantly more procedures, particularly surgical emergencies (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental infections were the most common complaints among dental patients during lockdown. Countryand sector-specific dental procedures are detected. Male gender seems to play a determinant role in performing a higher number of procedures, particularly for surgical emergencies (AU).

Acute cellulitis with Shewanella algae bacteremia

ABSTRACT Shewanella algae are gram-negative bacteria commonly found in aquatic environments. Infections caused by this agent are rarely documented; however, they are increasingly reported, mainly in countries with warm to temperate climates. Herein, we present a case of a 46-year-old immunocompetent woman with acute cellulitis and S. algae bacteremia (the first isolation culture performed at our hospital). To better understand the epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and treatment possibilities for S. algae bacteremia, we searched literature for similar cases; however, we did not find any cases of infections caused by this microorganism reported in Portugal or the Azores.

Angina de Ludwig, aspectos semiológicos útiles para el diagnóstico presuntivo de una patología letal / Ludwig`s angina, useful semiologic points for the presumptive diagnosis of a lethal pathology

Resumen Mujer de 74 años consulta al servicio de urgencia por cuadro de sepsis origen aparentemente no precisado, hasta su evaluación por dermatología que describe eritema violáceo cervical anterior más una infección en cavidad bucal como puerta de entrada. Considerando la clínica y los estudios por imágenes confirmamos el diagnóstico de Angina de Ludwig, cuadro de alta morbimortalidad que puede progresar a otras complicaciones más graves. Finalmente la paciente evoluciona de manera tórpida no respondiendo a medidas realizadas de soporte y fallece. La Angina de Ludwig es una celulitis de evolución rápida y grave, muy poco frecuente, que por lo general tiene una puerta de entrada a través de infecciones de la mucosa oral, donde su sospecha obliga a iniciar terapia precoz con antibióticos, quirúrgico y soporte.

Abstract This is a 74-year-old female patient with comorbidities who consulted the emergency service due to symptoms of sepsis of apparently unspecified origin, until her evaluation by dermatology revealed mild anterior cervical violaceous erythema and probable dental infection as the portal of entry. Based on clinical and imaging findings, a diagnosis of Ludwig's angina is confirmed, a condition with high morbidity and mortality that can progress to other more severe complications. Finally, the patient had a torpid evolution, not responding to support measures, and died. Ludwig's Angina is a cellulitis of etiology, usually rapidly progressive, infrequent oral infections, where a mandatory physical examination should be considered and suspected in order to start early therapy.

Factors related to deep vein thrombosis in patients with cellulitis/erysipelas at two high-complexity facilities. A case-control study

Lower extremity venous thromboembolism in the presence of soft tissue infection (cellulitis/erysipelas) is difficult to diagnose using clinical findings alone. This leads to an overuse of Doppler ultrasound, which is unnecessary in many cases. In Colombia, there are no studies to date reporting the simultaneous prevalence of these two conditions. Objective: to determine which factors are related to deep vein thrombosis in patients with lower extremity cellulitis/erysipelas. Materials and methods: a case-control study. Patients seen at Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe and the university hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 who were diagnosed with cellulitis/erysipelas and underwent lower extremity venous Doppler. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging variables were considered. Results: altogether, 637 patients with a diagnosis of lower extremity cellulitis and erysipelas were found during the study period in both institutions. Of these, 18.5% (118 patients) had a lower extremity Doppler ultrasound ordered to rule out deep vein thrombosis, finding a total of 25 positive studies (21.19%). Out of the total sample, 56 (47.4%) were male, with a mean age of 65 years. Most of the cases (55.08%) had an intermediate risk according to the Wells scale. The most common patient factors related to thrombosis were: immobility 33%, lymphedema 29.66%, and chronic kidney disease 23.73%. Neoplasms were the factor which showed statistical significance for the presence of thrombosis OR 5 (1.64-15.16) (P=0.0056). Conclusions: cellulitis is not a unique finding to justify carrying out a Doppler test, and the routine use of this imaging technique in the diagnostic approach is not justified if there are no other risk factors for thrombosis. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2109).

El diagnóstico de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa de miembros inferiores en presencia de infección de tejidos blandos (celulitis/erisipela): es difícil de determinar con sólo los hallazgos clínicos, lo que lleva a un sobreuso de la ecografía Doppler que resulta innecesaria en muchos casos. En Colombia a la fecha no hay estudios que reporten la prevalencia simultánea de éstas dos condiciones. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son los factores que se relacionan con trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) en pacientes con celulitis/erisipela en miembros inferiores. Materiales y métodos: estudio de casos y controles. Pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe y la IPS universitaria entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019 con diagnóstico de celulitis/erisipela y a quienes se les realizó Doppler venoso de miembros inferiores. Se consideraron variables demográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas e imagenológicas. Resultados: en total se identificaron 637 pacientes con diagnóstico de celulitis y erisipela de miembros inferiores en el periodo de estudio en ambas instituciones. De estos en 18.5% (118 pacientes) se solicitó ecografía Doppler de miembros inferiores para descartar trombosis venosa profunda, encontrando un total de 25 estudios positivos (21.19%). Del total de esta muestra fueron 56 hombres (47.4%) con una media de edad de 65 años. La mayoría de casos (55.08%), tuvieron riesgo intermedio según la escala de Wells. Los antecedentes más frecuentes relacionados con trombosis fueron: inmovilización 33%, linfedema 29.66%, enfermedad renal crónica 23.73%. La presencia de neoplasia fue el antecedente que demostró significancia estadística para la presencia de trombosis OR 5 (1.64-15.16) (P=0.0056). Conclusiones: la presencia de celulitis no es un hallazgo único que justifique la realización de Doppler, y el uso de imagen de rutina dentro del abordaje diagnóstico no está justificado si no existen otros factores de riesgo de trombosis. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2109).

A case of permanent vision loss due to a carotidcavernous fistula: importance of early diagnosis / Relato de caso de perda visual secundária a fístuda carótido-cavernosa: a importância de um diagnóstico adequado

ABSTRACT A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss.

RESUMO O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso de uma paciente de 97 anos com início agudo e espontâneo de hiperemia e edema palpebral. Estes sinais não levaram a uma suspeita diagnóstica de fístula carótido-cavernosa até um segundo momento, quando a paciente apresentou progressão importante do quadro clínico. Apesar da realização de tratamento efetivo com embolização da fístula, a paciente manteve alterações oculares como edema de córnea, coágulos e turvação no humor aquoso, e manteve perda visual definitiva.