The application of transcervical non-inflatable endoscopic posterior inferior sternocleidomastoid approach in thyroid surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transcervical non-inflatable endoscopic thyroidectomy through the posterior inferior sternocleidomastoid approach. Methods:From December 2022 to May 2023, the clinical data of 35 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma treated by transcervical non-inflatable endoscopic surgery via posterior inferior sternocleidomastoid approach were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 21 females, with an average age of 44.7 years. The operation time, bleeding volume, postoperative recovery, complications and follow-up were recorded. Results:All 35 patients successfully completed the surgery, with an average operation time of 4 hours and 7 minutes, an average bleeding volume of 14 ml, and an average postoperative hospital stay of 3.5 days. There were no serious complications and no obvious neck discomfort during postoperative follow-up. Conclusion:Transcervical non-inflatable endoscopic thyroidectomy via posterior inferior sternocleidomastoid approach is safe and effective, with fast postoperative recovery,high appearance satisfaction and good neck comfort.

Comparison of cervical motion range and curvature after C3 laminectomy and mini-titanium plate fixation after single-door vertebroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Axial symptoms often occur in patients after posterior cervical single-door vertebroplasty. Some studies have proposed a modified surgical method to remove C3 lamina and retain cervical semisacinous muscle on C2 spinous to reduce the occurrence of axial symptoms after surgery. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects, cervical motion range and curvature of C3 laminectomy and mini-titanium plate fixation after single-door vertebroplasty. METHODS: Totally 43 patients with cervical spondylosis were selected from the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA from June 2012 to June 2017, including 25 males and 18 females. Among them, 27 patients underwent C3-6 or C3-7 single-door mini-titanium fixation vertebroplasty as fixation group and 16 patients underwent C4-6 or C4-7 single-door mini-titanium fixation vertebroplasty through posterior approach after C3 laminectomy as resection group. Preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively and at final follow-up, JOA score, cervical motion range, and C2-7 Cobb angle were compared between the two groups. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All 43 patients successfully underwent the operation without vascular or spinal cord injury. (2) JOA score was higher in the two groups at postoperative 6 months and final follow-up than that preoperatively (P 0.05). (3) Motion range in the two groups was smaller at postoperative 6 months and final follow-up than that preoperatively (P < 0.05). Motion range was smaller in the fixation group than in the resection group at postoperative 6 months and final follow-up (P < 0.05). (4) C2-1 Cobb angle in the two groups was smaller at postoperative 6 months and final follow-up than that preoperatively (P < 0.05). C2-7 Cobb angle was smaller in the fixation group than in the resection group at postoperative 6 months and final follow-up (P < 0.05). (5) There was no hypersensitivity, rejection or immune response in the two groups. (6) Results indicate that C3 laminectomy and mini-titanium plate fixation have the same effect on improving neurological function, but the removal of C3 lamina can more effectively prevent the reduction of postoperative cervical motion range and curvature.

Desplazamiento del tercer molar inferior al espacio submaxilar: presentación de dos casos clínicos / Displacement of the third molar bottom to the submaxilar space: presentation of two clinical cases

Los desplazamientos del tercer molar inferior a espacios extraorales constituyen un accidente poco común, sin embargo, pueden acarrear graves consecuencias a la salud del paciente. Se presentan dos casos clínicos, donde se describe la exéresis de terceros molares inferiores alojados en el espacio submaxilar, a través de un abordaje cervical (AU)

The displacement of lower third molars to extra-spaces are a rare accident, however, they can have serious consequences to the health of the patientTwo cases where excision of third molars staying in the submandibular space is described through a cervical approach are presented (AU)

Paracondylar-lateral cervical approach for resection of jugular foramen schwannomas: a retrospective analysis of 15 cases / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of paracondylar-lateral cervical approach for resection of the jugular foramen schwannoma(JFS).@*Methods@#A total of 15 patients with JFS operated via the paracondylar-lateral cervical approach between December 2011 and March 2016 at Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 8 females, aging from 22 to 77 years with a mean age of (41.9±15.8) years.There were 12 patients who accepted primary surgery, 3 patients who accepted secondary surgery. There were 10 patients with tinnitus or hearing loss, 8 patients with dysphagia, 9 patients with hoarseness, 7 patients with tongue hemiparesis, 8 patients with ataxia, 1 patient with Pyramidal signs, 2 patients with facial hypesthesia or pain, 1 patient with facial paresis. According to Samii JFS grading system, 2 patients were type B, 4 were type C and 9 were type D. All patients were followed-up through outpatient and telephone by MRI in 3, 9, 12 months postoperation.@*Results@#Gross total removal of tumors were achieved in 14 patients and subtotal removal in 1 patient. Two patients had new hoarseness, 2 had new dysphagia and 3 had more serious dysphagia, 1 patient had more serious facial paresis after the operation. There were 2 patients with intracranial infection, 2 with pneumonia, 1 with subcutaneous effusion, 1 with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, 5 with gastric intubation during perioperative period. There were no death, intracranial hematoma and decreased hearing patients. All patients were followed up, the follow-up time were 3 to 33 months with a mean of (26.9±11.2) months. Till to the latest follow up, dysphagia improved in 2 cases, hoarseness and tongue hemiparesis improved in 3 cases, hearing loss and tinnitus improved in 9 cases, balance function improved in 7 cases, facial hypesthesia and pain improved in 2 cases, pyramidal signs disappeared in 1 case, facial nerve function improved to normal in 1 case. There was no recurrence and progressed case.@*Conclusion@#Paracondylar-lateral cervical approach is an alternative approach for both intracranial and extracranial JFS.

A Case of Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum in the Esophagus

A Killian-Jamieson diverticulum (KJD) is an unfamillar and unusual cervical esophageal diverticulum. This diverticulum originates on the anterolateral aspect of the esophagus through the Killian-Jamieson's area that is formed between cricopharyngeal muscle and the lateral to longitudinal esophageal muscle. Recently, we experienced a patient who was found outpouching lesion on lateral side of left esophagus on the duodenoscopy. Then, a barium esophagography performed and in left lateral position demonstrated a left-sided diverticulum with a frontal projection, highly suggestive of a KJD. There are two ways of surgical approach to manage the KJD. First is external approach, another one is endoscopic approach. In common, external approach has been recommended for the treatment of KJD because of concern of nerve injury. We present a case of KJD that underwent external approach and sternocleidomastoid muscle flap in the management of KJD.

Effects of Microscopic Anterior Cervical Approach in Cervical Spondylotic Diseases / 天津医药

Objective To assess the curative effect of microscopic anterior cervical approach in cervical spondylotic diseases. Methods A total of 75 patients were selected, who underwent microscopic subtotal anterior cervical decompres-sion and titanium mesh to fusion fixation or microscopic decompression of resection of the cervical intervertebral disc and cage implant fixation in Tianjin People's Hospital since October 2011 to October 2012. The Cervical vertebra gap involved 1 level in 41 cases, 2 levels in 30 cases and 3 levels in 4 cases. Pateints followed up regularly after operation. The nerve func-tion was assessed using Japanese orthopaedic association scoring system (JOA) function was calculated to examine the im-provement rate and to assess the curative effect of microscopic anterior cervical approach. Results All patients were fol-lowed up. The nerve function recovery was excellent in 44 cases, was well in 25 cases, was general in 6 cases, and the ex-cellent and well recovery rate was 92%. There was no significant difference between excellent recovery rate and well recov-ery rate. There were significant differences in values of each cervical levels between before and after surgery in the last fol-low-up of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Microscopic operative treatment for cervical spondylotic is safe and effective, with less trauma and bleeding. After surgical decompression, the recovery is rapid in patients with early ambulation.

Osteoblastoma of C2 Corpus: 4 Years Follow-up

Osteoblastomas are rare neoplasms of the spine. The majority of the spinal lesions arise from the posterior elements and involvement of the corpus is usually by extension through the pedicles. An extremely rare case of isolated C2 corpus osteoblastoma is presented herein. A 9-year-old boy who presented with neck pain and spasmodic torticollis was shown to have a lesion within the corpus of C2. He underwent surgery via an anterior cervical approach and the completely-resected mass was reported to be an osteoblastoma. The pain resolved immediately after surgery and he had radiologic assessments on a yearly basis. He was symptom-free 4 years post-operatively with benign radiologic findings. Although rare, an osteoblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck pain and torticollis, especially in patients during the first two decades of life. The standard treatment for osteoblastomas is radical surgical excision because the recurrence rate is high following incomplete resection.

Análise de fatores associados à lesão do nervo laríngeo recorrente em cirurgias de discectomia cervical via anterior / Análisis de factores asociados a la lesión del nervio laríngeo recurrente en cirugías de discectomía cervical por vía anterior / Analysis of factors associated with laryngeal nerve injury in anterior disc herniation surgery

OBJETIVO: Estudar os possíveis fatores associados com lesão do NLR após cirurgia de hérnia discal cervical com abordagem anterior. MÉTODOS: No período de junho/2009 a junho/2010, avaliamos 30 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de hérnia discal via anterior no Hospital São Lucas da PUC-RS. No pré-operatório, foi realizada a medida da circunferência cervical (ao nível da cartilagem cricóide) e da altura cervical (do ângulo da mandíbula à borda superior da clavícula). (...). Pacientes que apresentaram resultado anormal na VEL foram considerados com lesão do NLR e submetidos à reavaliação mensal até a recuperação espontânea ou no período máximo de seis meses quando a lesão foi considerada definitiva. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 3/30 (10 por cento) casos de lesões não definitivas do NLR que se recuperaram em até 120 dias pós-operatórios. Os pacientes com lesão do NLR apresentaram uma maior circunferência do pescoço, tempo cirúrgico e número de níveis operados em relação aos pacientes sem lesão do NLR. Também, pacientes com lesão do NLR apresentaram um menor comprimento do pescoço. Duas lesões ocorreram na abordagem pelo lado direito e uma pelo lado esquerdo. Todos os pacientes com lesão tiveram incisão transversa e não fizeram uso de halo craniano. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem pelo lado direito apresentou maior índice de complicações com o NLR. Apesar de o número limitado de pacientes não permitir conclusões estatisticamente significativas, fatores anatômicos intrínsecos do paciente como pescoço curto e diâmetro do pescoço aumentado, bem como tempo cirúrgico, e dificuldades técnicas que possam aumentar o tempo cirúrgico podem estar associados com lesão do NLR. Novos estudos avaliando as variáveis acima estudadas devem ser considerados.

OBJECTIVE: To study other possible factors associated with RLN injury after anterior approach for treatment of disc herniation. METHODS: Between June 2009 and July 2010, we evaluated 30 patients underwent anterior approach for treatment of disc herniation in Hospital Sao Lucas, PUC-RS. At preoperative period, we evaluated the measure of neck circumference (at the level of the cricoid cartilage) and cervical height (angle of the jaw to the upper edge of the clavicle). At perioperative period, we evaluated the time and difficulty in endotracheal intubation, surgical time, the approach side , the number of levels operated, and the type of incision (transverse / longitudinal) and the use of the cranial halo. (...) Patients who showed injuries were followed monthly until a period of six months when injuries were considered as definitive. RESULTS: We found 3/30 (10 percent) cases of temporary RLN injury which recovered to up to 120 days post operate. Related to patients with no RLN injury, these patients had a neck circumference greater than average, their surgical time was above average, as well the number of levels operated, and the neck length was shorter than average. Two injuries occurred in the approach through the right side and one in the left side. All patients with lesion had a transverse incision and no cranial halo was used. CONCLUSION: The approach from the right side showed a higher rate of complications in the RLN. A significant statistic conclusion was not possible due to the limited patients numbers; however, anatomical factors such as short neck and increased neck diameter, surgical time and other technical difficulties that can increase surgical time may be associated with RLN injury. New studies evaluating these factors must be considered.

OBJETIVO: Estudiar los posibles factores asociados con la lesión del NLR postcirugía de hernia de disco cervical con abordaje anterior. MÉTODOS: En el periodo de Junio/2009 hasta Junio/2010 evaluamos 30 pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico de hernia de disco por via anterior en el Hospital São Lucas de la PUC-RS.(...) Se realizó una evaluación videoendoscópica de laringe (VEL), en la búsqueda de lesión del NLR en el preoperatorio y en el décimo dia después de la cirugía. Pacientes que presentaron un resultado anormal de la VEL (asimetría de movimiento de las dobladuras al verbalizar las vocales A, E, I, O y U) fueron considerados con lesión del NLR y fueran reevaluadosmensualmente hasta la recuperación espontánea o en el periodo máximo de 6 meses, cuando la lesión fue considerada definitiva. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 3/30 (10 por ciento) casos de lesiones no definitivas del NLR que se recuperaron en hasta 120 dias postoperatorios. Los pacientes con lesión del NLR presentaban una mayor circunferencia del cuello, tiempo quirúrgico y número de niveles operados con relación a los pacientes sin lesión del NLR. También, pacientes con lesión del NLR presentaban una menor longitud del cuello. Dos lesiones ocurrieron en el abordaje por el lado derecho y una por el lado izquierdo. Todos los pacientes con lesión tuvieron incisión transversal y no hicieron (incisiones) de halo craneano. CONCLUSIÓN: El abordaje por el lado derecho presentó mayor índice de complicaciones con el NLR. A pesar de que el número limitado de pacientes no permite conclusiones estadísticas significativas, factores anatómicos intrínsecos del paciente como cuello corto y diámetro aumentado, bien como tiempo quirúrgico y dificultades técnicas que puedan aumentarlo, pueden estar asociados a lesiones en el NLR. Nuevos estudios evaluando las variables arriba estudiadas deben ser considerados.

Discectomía cervical anterior con artrodesis intersomática con cesta de titanio: experiencia en 102 casos (2002-2008)

La elevada frecuencia de pacientes con trastornos cervicales, ha llevado a estudiar estas afecciones, cuya diferenciación de otras enfermedades en muchas ocasiones resulta difícil. En la práctica neuroquirúrgica las enfermedades cervicales y degenerativas son unas de las más frecuentes, las hernias de columna cervical representan el segundo lugar de frecuencia de la patología discal. Este trabajo está basado en la revisión de la técnica de artrodesis cervical anterior posdiscectomía y fusión utilizando la cesta roscada de titanio, sin uso de injertos óseos, placas o tornillos, el cual es continuación de una revisión realizada dada la experiencia del autor en el 2004. Se analizan los procedimientos diagnósticos más frecuentemente utilizados y los criterios para la selección del tratamiento quirúrgico. Se presenta la experiencia en 102 casos. Las principales ventajas que ofrece esta técnica son: menor instrumentación; acortamiento del tiempo quirúrgico; estabilización inmediata de la columna cervical con recuperación y deambulación precoz de los pacientes, con retorno precoz a sus actividades normales, con mínimas complicaciones y reducción de costos

Cervical spinal degenerative and discal diseases are among the most common conditions encountered in medical practice. Herniated discs are more common in patients under 40 years of age and degenerative processes are more common after that age. In this study, the most common diagnostic methods and the current criteria for surgical management are reviewed. The author presents his experience of 102 cases with cervical discal and degenerative disease treated by discectomy and fusion through anterior approach, using the titanium cage without use of bone grafts, plates or screws. The main advantages of this technique include shortening of surgical time and fewer instrumentation, immediate stabilization of the cervical spine, early functional recovery and return to normal activities within two weeks with minimal complications, and lower cost

Iatrogenic Vertebral Artery Injury During Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery : Report of Two Cases

The incidence of vertebral artery injury during the anterior approach to the cervical spine is rare, but potentially lethal. The authors describe two cases of vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical decompression surgery. In the first case, infection was the cause of the vertebral artery injury. During aggressive irrigation and pus drainage, massive bleeding was encountered, and intraoperative direct packing with hemostatic agents provided effective control of hemorrhage. Ten days after surgery, sudden neck swelling and mental deterioration occurred because of rebleeding from a pseudoaneurysm. In the second case, the vertebral artery was injured during decompression of cervical spondylosis while drilling the neural foramen. After intraoperative control of bleeding, the patient was referred to our hospital, and a pseudoaneurysm was detected by angiography four days after surgery. Both pseudoaneurysms were successfully occluded by an endovascular technique without any neurological sequelae. Urgent vertebral angiography, following intraoperative control of bleeding by hemostatic compression in cases of vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical decompression, should be performed to avoid life-threatening complications. Prompt recognition of pseudoaneurysm is mandatory, and endovascular treatment can be life saving.

Transcervical Approach for Mediastinal Mass Originated from Thyroid Gland: An Alternative Surgical Option Using Ballooning Catheter

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to introduce an alternative surgical technique using a ballooning catheter and assess the outcomes of its use in patients with an upper mediastinal mass originated from the thyroid gland. METHODS: Between May 2001 and April 2004, 8 patients undewent an operation via a cervical approach using a ballooning catheter were enrolled in this study. The study group was reviewed by their clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, postoperative results, histopathological findings and prognosis. Instead of a sternotomy, a ballooning catheter technique was used to assist in the transcervical delivery and extraction of these huge or deep mediastinal masses. The ballooning catheter was placed at the base of the mediastinal mass via a narrow plane which could not be reached by the surgeon's fingers. When the mediastinal mass was freed up by careful dissection with traction using an inflated ballooning catheter, could the mass was able to be delivered without injury to the surrounding tissues. RESULTS: There were 3, 2 and 3 cases of substernal goiters, substernal goiters combined with a papillary microcarcinoma and metastatic papillary carcinoma from thyroid cancer, respectively. The mean operation time and period of hospitalization were 121 minutes, (ranging from 70 to 195 minutes), and 6 days, (ranging from 3 to 10 days), respectively. In the 5 cases with a substernal goiter, the average size of the resected specimen was 9.9 cm, (ranging from 5.5 to 17.6 cm), with an average weight of 100.2 g, (ranging from 45 to 172.2 g). In the 3 cases of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes, the postoperative 131I scan and serum thyroglobulin level showed no evidence of remnant metastatic tissue or cancer spillage. The median follow up duration was 24.8 months (ranging from 13 to 42 months). No major complications were documented, and no evidence of recurrence was encountered. CONCLUSION: The use of the ballooning catheter was found to be helpful in the transcervical removal of an upper mediastinal mass, and useful for substernal goiters. Furthermore, for mediastinal lymph node metastasis, this technique can be adopted as an alternative method in carefully selected cases.