Investigación del Proceso de Cambio en Psicoterapia en la Adultez en Pacientes con Depresión: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Última Década

La investigación del proceso de cambio en psicoterapia es el estudio de los procesos por los cuales ocurre el cambio en psicoterapia. Siendo la depresión una problemática con altas prevalencias y diversas complicaciones, es una tarea ineludible de los clínicos poder entender cómo ocurre el proceso de cambio en pacientes con este diagnóstico. Por ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura, para explorar y analizar la investigación empírica del proceso de cambio en psicoterapia individual en la adultez en pacientes con depresión, en los últimos diez años. La revisión se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science, APA PsycNet, PubMed y EBSCO, siguiendo los lineamientos que señala la metodología PRISMA. Luego del proceso de tamizaje y revisión, se seleccionaron y analizaron 39 artículos. Se aprecia una clara tendencia a la utilización de metodologías mixtas de investigación, es decir, cualitativas y cuantitativas, con diseños longitudinales en casi la totalidad de estudios y una amplia gama de instrumentos para la recolección de datos. Los resultados sugieren que el proceso de cambio suele seguir un desarrollo no lineal, originando comúnmente cambios positivos profundos en áreas diversas y con trayectorias que tienden a patrones comunes.

Change process research in psychotherapy is the study of the processes by which change occurs in psychotherapy. Since depression is a problem with high prevalence and various complications, it is an unavoidable task for clinicians to be able to understand how the process of change occurs in patients with this diagnosis. Therefore, this study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature, to explore and analyze the empirical investigation of the process of change in individual psychotherapy in adulthood in patients with depression, in the last ten years. The review was carried out in the Web of Science, APA PsycNet, PubMed and EBSCO databases, following the guidelines indicated by the PRISMA methodology. After the screening and review process, 39 articles were selected and analyzed. There is a clear tendency to use mixed research methodologies, that is, qualitative and quantitative, with longitudinal designs in almost all the studies and a wide range of instruments for data collection. The results suggest that the change process tends to follow a non-linear development, commonly causing deep positive changes in diverse areas and with trajectories that tend to common patterns.

Transformation of Dressing Change Process to Reduce Temporary Catheter-related Infection in Hemodial-ysis Patients / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective: To explore clinical effect of transformation of dressing change process on reducing temporary catheter?related infection in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients underwent temporary hemodialysis from Apr 2013 to Apr 2014 were randomly divided into intervention group and control group, 30 cases in each. The patients in the control group received conven?tional treatment, the patients in the intervention group received dressing change according to the process, infection rate was compared and analyzed. Results: The indwelling time in the intervention group was (46?35±6?24) days, the total infection rate was 3?33%. The indwelling time in the control group was (39?24±4?64) days, the total infection rate was 13?33% (P<0?05). And there was significant difference in the number of dressing changes, treatment time ( P<0?05) . Conclusion: The scientific, effective dressing process playes an inhibitory effect in temporary catheter?related infection in hemodialysis patients and can prolong the service life of catheter, promote the rehabilitation of patients.

Mudança em psicoterapia de grupo: reflexões a partir da terapia narrativa / Change in group psychotherapy: understandings from narrative therapy

Este estudo de caso visa compreender o processo de mudança de uma pessoa em psicoterapia de grupo a partir de uma perspectiva narrativa. A observação participante e a análise dos registros das doze sessões de um grupo de curto prazo permitiram investigar episódios e intervenções terapêuticas que contribuíram para a construção de uma narrativa em que a pessoa se descrevia com uma maior autonomia em sua vida, superando a narrativa anterior saturada pelo problema. Entendemos que os recursos propostos pela perspectiva narrativa, tais como a identificação de acontecimentos extraordinários, a externalização do problema e o fortalecimento das narrativas de enfrentamento ajudaram a construir novos sentidos por meio da criação de um espaço dialógico no contexto grupal. Apesar da fertilidade da aproximação das propostas narrativas ao campo grupal, as reflexões realizadas apontaram ainda alguns desafios a serem enfrentados.

This case study aims to understand the change process of a person in group psychotherapy, from a narrative perspective. Participant observation and an analysis of the notes of twelve sessions of a short-term group allowed us to investigate episodes and therapeutic interventions that had contributed to the construction of a narrative in which the person self-described as more autonomous, surpassing the previous narrative saturated by the problem. It was observed that narrative resources such as, the identification of unique outcomes, externalizing the problem and the reinforcement of confrontational narratives have helped to construct new meanings through the creation of a dialogical space in the group context. In spite of the fertility of the use of narrative proposals in the group field, our reflections pointed out some challenges to be faced in this approach.

Construção coletiva de mudança no Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem: um desafio / Change in the collective construction in the Nursing Undergraduate Nursing Course: a challenge

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a elaboração de uma proposta de integração para o quarto bloco do Curso de Enfermagem da NOVAFAPI. Objetivou-se descrever a rede de estrutura de conteúdos, as competências e habilidades a serem desenvolvidas, como também discutir a metodologia e o método de avaliação indicada e elaborar proposta para o quarto bloco. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, com base no referencial da pesquisa-ação. Os sujeitos foram os docentes e representantes discentes do bloco, acrescido da coordenadora do curso. Os resultados evidenciam que já existe a compreensão de que o currículo integrado contribuirá para a formação de sujeitos mais capazes de transformar a realidade social.

This study aims to draw up a proposal of integration for the fourth term of Nursing from NOVAFAPI. The main focus was to describe the subjects' structure chain, the competences and abilities to be developed, as well as discuss the methodology and the method of assessment specified and draw up a proposal for the fourth term. A qualitative approach was used, based on the action research referential. The subjects were the faculties and students from the term, plus the coordinator of the course. Its results show there is already the understanding that the integrated curriculum will contribute for the education of subjects more capable of transforming social reality.

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la elaboración de una propuesta de integración para el cuarto bloque del curso de Enfermería de NOVAFAPI. El objetivo consistió en describir la red de estructura de contenidos, las competencias y habilidades a seren desarrolladas, como también discutir la metodología y el método de evaluación indicada y elaborar propuestas para el cuarto bloque. El abordaje cualitativo fue utilizado, con base en el referencial de la pesquisa-acción. Los sujetos fueron los docentes y representantes discentes del bloque acrecido de la coordinadora del curso. Los resultados indican que ya existe la comprensión de que el currículo integrado contribuirá para la formación de sujetos más capaces de cambiar la realidad social.