Anestesia general durante la atención odontológica a niños y personas con discapacidad / General anesthesia for the dental care of children and people with disabilities

Introducción: La anestesia general es considerada como una herramienta farmacológica que forma parte de las técnicas avanzadas en odontología para el manejo de la conducta de pacientes poco colaboradores o con alguna discapacidad física y/o mental, sirviendo como mecanismo de soporte en la ejecución de tratamientos odontológicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de la anestesia general durante la atención odontológica a niños y personas con discapacidad. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura en la que se analizaron 17 estudios publicados entre el 2009 y el 2019, seleccionados de seis bases de datos (MedLine-PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Clinical Key, IBECS y Cuiden). Para el estudio se tuvieron en cuenta las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyes (PRISMA) y se mantuvo el rigor ético y metodológico correspondiente. Resultados: Los resultados de la búsqueda permitieron caracterizar los estudios por año, país y abordaje metodológico. La evidencia muestra que el uso de la anestesia general como técnica odontológica es útil y eficaz para el manejo de conducta en pacientes pediátricos y discapacitados. Conclusiones: La anestesia general es una excelente alternativa como técnica odontológica para la resolución de problemas bucodentales en niños y personas con discapacidades físicas y/o mentales y en el mejoramiento de su calidad de vida(AU)

Introduction: General anesthesia is considered to be a pharmacological tool included among the advanced dental techniques used to manage uncooperative and physically and/or mentally disabled patients, as well as a support mechanism in the performance of dental treatments. Objective: Evaluate the use of general anesthesia for the dental care of children and people with disabilities. Methods: A systematic bibliographic review was conducted of 17 studies published from 2009 to 2019 in six databases: MedLine-PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Clinical Key, IBECS and Cuiden. The study followed the recommendations contained in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and maintained the corresponding ethical and methodological rigor. Results: Search results made it possible to characterize the studies by year, country and methodological approach. The evidence obtained shows that general anesthesia is useful and effective as a technique to control the behavior of children and people with disabilities during dental care. Conclusions: General anesthesia is an excellent alternative as a technique to solve the oral problems of children and people with physical and/or mental disabilities, thus improving their quality of life(AU)

Burnout and Stressor Related Factors among Nurses Caring For Children in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

@#Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of burnout and correlation between burnout score and stressor domain score and to determine the association between sociodemographic and occupational related factors with overall burnout among nurses caring for children in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using bilingual validated questionnaire; the General Stressor Questionnaire (GSQ) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) conducted among nurses providing medical service for children in Hospital USM particularly in wards and clinics. All 159 eligible nurses were recruited and 157 completed questionnaires were analysed. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to study the correlation while simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regressions were applied to study the association. Results: The prevalence of burnout among nurses caring for children in Hospital USM was 28.7% (95% CI = 21.6, 35.7) with the majority of them experienced personal burnout (49.7%, 95% CI = 41.9, 57.5). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between different stressor domain score with overall burnout score with p-value < 0.05. Work placement and bureaucratic constraints were identified as the main contributory factor leading to overall burnout. Conclusion: Burnout among nurses providing medical services for children in Hospital USM is of concern especially involving personal burnout. The main stressor related factors of burnout were work placement and bureaucratic constraints. Therefore, burnout among nurses providing care for children must be addressed in order to enhance their psychological well-being.

Ventilação não invasiva em pacientes em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica: fatores associados à falha / Noninvasive ventilation in a pediatric ICU: factors associated with failure

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia da ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VNI) em prevenir a intubação orotraqueal em uma população heterogênea de pacientes pediátricos e identificar os fatores preditivos associados à sua falha em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). Métodos Estudo clínico, prospectivo não randomizado, com pacientes de 0 a 10 anos de idade internados em UTIP com indicação de VNI, que apresentaram insuficiência respiratória aguda ou crônica agudizada. Foram avaliados parâmetros demográficos, clínicos e cardiorrespiratórios, e os pacientes que não evoluíram para tubo orotraqueal (TOT) por 48 horas após retirada da VNI foram classificados como "grupo sucesso". O "grupo falha" necessitou de TOT. Para identificar os fatores preditores para falha na prevenção de TOT, foi realizada a regressão logística multivariada. Resultados Foram incluídos 52 pacientes, sendo 27 (51,9%) meninos, com idade mediana de 6 (1-120) meses. Ao avaliar a eficácia da VNI, 36 (69,2%) pacientes apresentaram sucesso, sem necessidade de TOT. Após análise dos fatores preditivos para pertencer ao "grupo falha", os pacientes com taquipneia após 2 horas da colocação da VNI apresentaram 4,8 vezes mais chances de necessitar de TOT em 48 horas. Independentemente do desfecho, foram observados diminuição da frequência cardíaca (p < 0,001) e da frequência respiratória (p < 0,001) e aumento da saturação periférica de oxigênio (p < 0,001) 2 horas após a colocação da VNI. Conclusão A utilização da VNI foi eficaz na população estudada, com melhora significativa nos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios 2 horas após a colocação da VNI, sendo a presença de taquipneia um fator preditivo para falha na prevenção de TOT.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the efficacy of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV) in preventing Endotracheal Intubation (ETI) in a heterogeneous pediatric population and identify predictive factors associated with NIV failure in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Methods Prospective non-randomized clinical trial conducted with patients aged 0-10 years, hospitalized in a PICU with NIV indication, who presented acute or chronic respiratory failure. Demographic data and clinical and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated, and patients who did not progress to ETI in 48 h after withdrawal of NIV were classified as "success group", whereas those who progressed to ETI were included in the "failure group". Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the predictive factors of failure to prevent ETI. Results Fifty-two patients, 27 (51.9%) males, with median age of 6 (1-120) months were included in the study. When evaluating the effectiveness of NIV, 36 (69.2%) patients were successful, with no need for ETI. After analyzing the predictive factors associated with failure, patients with tachypnea after 2 h of NIV were 4.8 times more likely to require ETI in 48 h. Regardless of outcome, heart (p<0.001) and respiratory (p<0.001) rates decreased and oxygen saturation (p<0.001) increased after 2 h of NIV. Conclusion We concluded that use of NIV was effective in the studied population, with significant improvement in cardiorespiratory parameters after 2 h of NIV, and that tachypnea was a predictive factor of failure to prevent ETI.

Análisis de los factores relacionados a la presencia de eventos adversos, en Unidades Pediátricas de Cuidados Intensivos / Analysis of the factors related to the presence of adverse events in pediatric intensive care units", "_e": "n

Introducción: la presencia de un evento adverso durante el proceso de hospitalización aumenta la morbimortalidad, se generan mayores tiempos de estancia hospitalaria, costos y deterioro de la calidad de atención. Objetivo: conocer la frecuencia de ocurrencia de los eventos adversos en las Áreas Pediátricas de Cuidados Intensivos para identificar los factores intrínsecos, extrínsecos y del sistema en un Hospital Público de Tercer Nivel de Atención. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional, durante un año, del 2013 al 2014, se utilizó una ficha de notificación de eventos adversos tomada y adaptada del Proyecto de Incidentes y Eventos Adversos en Medicina Intensiva, Seguridad y Riesgo del Enfermo Crítico (SYREC 2007). Resultados: en total se presentaron 105 eventos adversos, 71% en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, 18% en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y 11% en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiovasculares, 62% de los pacientes presentaron durante su proceso de hospitalización un evento adverso, el 30% presentó dos eventos adversos y el 8% más de tres. Más frecuente en el sexo masculino en un 50.5% y en las alteraciones cardiovasculares en un 22%. El 30% de los eventos adversos ocurrió dentro de las primeras 48 horas de ingreso a la unidad. Conclusiones: el conocer este tipo de accidentes permite implantar estrategias para disminuir o controlar las posibles causas. Para el profesional de enfermería es de suma importancia identificar estos detonantes para participar de forma activa en los programas de seguridad y calidad de atención.

Introduction: the presence of an adverse event during the process of hospitalization increases morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stay times, costs and deterioration of the quality of care arise. Objective: to know the frequency of occurrence of the adverse event in pediatric intensive care to identify the intrinsic, extrinsic factors and areas of the system in a public tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: descriptive, transversal and observational study, for a year from 2013 to 2014, we used an information notice of adverse event taken and adapted from the project of incidents and adverse events in intensive medicine, safety and risk of the sick critic (SYREC 2007). Results: in total were 105 adverse event, 71% in unit therapy intensive Pediatric, 18% in neonatal intensive care unit and 11% at the unit of cardiovascular intensive care, 62% of the patients presented during their hospitalization an adverse event, 30% presented two adverse event and 8% more than three. More common in males in 50.5% and 22% cardiovascular alterations. 30% of the adverse event occurred within the first 48 hours entering the unit. Conclusions: know this type of accidents allows to implement strategies to decrease or control the possible causes. For nursing professional it is important to identify these triggers to participate actively in the programs of safety and quality of care.