Calidad de vida relativa a la visión según estudios psicofísicos en pacientes hipermétropes con cirugía facorrefractiva / Quality of life relative to the vision according to psychophysical studies in hyperopic patients undergoing phaco-refractive surgery

Objetivo: describir los resultados de la calidad visual para la mejoría de la discriminación cromática, así como la estereopsia y la sensibilidad al contraste, posterior a la cirugía facorrefractiva en pacientes hipermétropes mayores de 40 años, y si la mejoría visual es sustancial en los parámetros de función visual según estudios psicofísicos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo a 70 pacientes operados en el período de enero a diciembre del año 2016, hipermétropes présbitas con buena visión corregida, atendidos en el Servicio de Microcirugía del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", quienes mostraron mejoría subjetiva en su calidad de vida al disminuir la dependencia de los espejuelos. Se realizó un estudio de sensibilidad al contraste con la cartilla de Pelli-Robson; discriminación cromática con la prueba de Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue y estereopsia a través de la prueba de The Netherlands Organization. Resultados: hubo una mejoría significativa en todos los exámenes realizados. La sensibilidad al contraste pasó de una media en el prequirúrgico de 1,44 cd/m2 a 1,56 cd/m2 en el posquirúrgico. La prueba FMH-100 mejoró cuantitativa y cualitativamente (de 142,06 errores en el pre, bajó a 52,91 en la poscirugía); predominaron discriminadores promedios con 50 pacientes y 13 altos discriminadores; mejoró la estereopsia con y sin cristales después de la cirugía, lo que pudo cuantificarse. Conclusiones: hay una mejoría objetiva de la calidad visual después de la lensectomía refractiva en el paciente hipermétrope, demostrada en los resultados de la discriminación cromática, la estereopsia y la sensibilidad al contraste(AU)

Objective: describe visual quality results related to improved chromatic discrimination, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity after phaco-refractive surgery in hyperopic patients aged over 40 years, and determine whether substantial visual improvement is achieved in visual function parameters according to psychophysical studies. Methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of 70 presbyopic hyperopic patients with good corrected vision undergoing surgery from January to December 2016 at the Microsurgery Service of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology, who experienced subjective quality of life improvement on reducing their dependence on eyeglasses. Contrast sensitivity was evaluated with the Pelli-Robson chart, chromatic discrimination with the Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue test and stereopsis with The Netherlands Organization test. Results: significant improvement was observed in all the tests performed. Contrast sensitivity rose from a preoperative mean of 1.44 cd/m2 to 1.56 cd/m2 in the postoperative period. Results of the FMH-100 test improved both quantitatively and qualitatively (from 142.06 errors in the preoperative period to 52.91 in the postoperative period); average discriminators prevailed with 50 patients and 13 high discriminators; stereopsis improved after surgery with and without glasses, which could be quantified. Conclusions: objective quality of life improvement is observed in hyperopic patients after refractive lensectomy, as is evidenced by chromatic discrimination, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity results(AU)

Long-term loss of color vision after exposure to mercury vapor

We evaluated the color vision of 24 subjects (41.6 ± 6.5 years; 6 females) who worked in fluorescent lamp industries. They had been occupationally exposed to mercury vapor (10.6 ± 5.2 years) and had been away from the source of exposure for 6.4 ± 4.04 years. Mean urinary concentration of mercury was 40.6 ± 36.4 æg/g creatinine during or up to 1 year after exposure and 2.71 ± 1.19 æg/g creatinine at the time of color vision testing or up to 1 year thereafter. All patients were diagnosed with chronic mercury intoxication, characterized by clinical symptoms and neuropsychological alterations. A control group (N = 36, 48.6 ± 11.9 years, 10 females, 1.5 ± 0.47 æg mercury/g creatinine) was subjected to the same tests. Inclusion criteria for both groups were Snellen VA 20/30 or better and absence of known ophthalmologic pathologies. Color discrimination was assessed with the Farnsworth D-15 test (D-15) and with the Lanthony D-15d test (D-15d). Significant differences were found between the two eyes of the patients (P < 0.001) in both tests. Results for the worst eye were also different from controls for both tests: P = 0.014 for D-15 and P < 0.001 for D-15d. As shown in previous studies, the D-15d proved to be more sensitive than the D-15 for the screening and diagnosis of the color discrimination losses. Since color discrimination losses were still present many years after the end of exposure, they may be considered to be irreversible, at least under the conditions of the present study.