RESUMEN
O presente artigo objetiva caracterizar o perfil dos(as) usuários(as) do Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (SINPDEC). O referido Sistema é, no Brasil, a instituição governamental que concentra as intervenções sobre riscos no contexto das emergências e desastres. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida na região metropolitana do Recife, na qual foram analisados 53 documentos de avaliação de risco e realizadas 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Observamos que os(as) usuários(as) do SINPDEC são, em sua maioria, pessoas do sexo feminino, pobres e em condição de desenvolvimento humano abaixo da média das cidades em que vivem. Nesse sentido, observa-se a situação de estar incluído em um processo que também é de exclusão, ou seja, o acesso aos serviços de defesa civil não tem garantido a esse público a vida fora das áreas em risco.
The present article aims to characterize the profile of end-users of the National System for Civil Protection and Defense (SINPDEC). In Brazil, the system referred to is the government institution that concentrates interventions on risks within the context of emergencies and disasters. Qualitative methods were used, developed for the metropolitan region of Recife. The study observed 53 documents of risk evaluation and performed 15 semi-structured interviews. It was seen that those who had contact with SINDPEC were mainly female, poor and in a segment of human development below average for the city where they lived. In this sense, one observes that they are included in a process of exclusion, where access to civil defense services does not guarantee the protection of these people.
El presente artículo objetiva caracterizar el perfil de los(as) usuarios( as) del Sistema Nacional de Protección y Defensa Civil (SINPDEC). El referido Sistema es, en Brasil, la institución gubernamental que concentra las intervenciones sobre riesgos en el contexto de las emergencias y desastres. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, desarrollada en la región metropolitana de Recife, en la cual fueron analizados 53 documentos de evaluación de riesgo y realizadas 15 entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Observamos que los(as) usuarios(as) de SINPDEC son, en su mayoría, personas del sexo femenino, pobres y en condiciones de desenvolvimiento humano bajo la media de las ciudades en que viven. En ese sentido, se observa la situación de estar incluido en un proceso que también es de exclusión, o sea, el acceso a los servicios de defensa civil no ha garantizado a ese público la vida fuera de las áreas de riesgo.
RESUMEN
AbstractBackground: The pellet gun is a shot gun weapon which is used by law enforcement agencies to maintain law and order in conflict zones whenever need arises. Sometimes these minute sized pellets may lead to grave injuries to vital structures of the body which may sometimes led to permanent disability. The objective of this study was to investigations and manages these fatal injuries in war conflicted valley. Methods: The prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar at the time of civilian unrest in 2016 and onwards when thousands of people were injured with pellets by security agencies. Results: Maximum number (67.1%) of patients had injuries to eyes and face, among the total number of patients 69 (17.2%) of patients had abdominal injuries. CECT abdomen showed pellets in all 69 (100%) of patients, pellets in gut lumen in 48 (69.5%) of patients. In the abdominal group 40 patients underwent laparotomy which showed hemoperitoneum in 49 (71.01%), pneumoperitoneum in 6 (8.69%) of patients. Conclusion: Pellet gun weapon has become a common arsenal to suppress the unarmed civilian agitation which may lead to fatal injuries to vital structures of body, where prognosis remained poor despite of best available treatment.
RESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Establecer las actitudes hacia los desmovilizados de la guerrilla por parte de civiles y militares en uso de buen retiro de Bogotá. Método: El estudio tuvo un alcance descriptivo, con un método de comparación de grupos, se seleccionó una muestra de 120 participantes, bajo un procedimiento no probabilístico, con edades entre los 40 a 60 años distribuidos en 60 militares en uso de buen retiro y 60 civiles, residentes en la ciudad de Bogotá, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Actitudes hacia Desmovilizados de la Guerrilla. Resultados: Se encontró que el 84,1 % de los participantes presentan una actitud positiva o neutra, y estadísticos de compara ción superiores al 0,05, lo que permite afirmar en discusión que ambos grupos presentan actitud positiva hacia los desmovilizados de la guerrilla, y que no se encuentran diferencias significativas entre civiles y militares en uso de buen retiro, residentes en Bogotá. Conclusión: Se afirma que el tener una actitud positiva, neutra o negativa no depende de la diferencia entre ser militar o civil.
Abstract Objective: This study aims to establish civilian and military retired officials' attitudes towards guerrillas demobilization from Bogotá (Col), for a well retirement. Method: This study scope was descriptive, it was conducted, comparing groups, 120 selected participants, between 40 and 60 years, based on a not probabilistic procedure distributed as follows: 60 military retired officials and 60 civilians residents from Bogotá; a questionnaire related to attitudes toward demobilized population of armed conflict, was used. Results: 84.1 % of participants show a positive or neutral attitude, and statistical comparison higher than 0.05; this result, allows to say that both groups have a positive attitude towards demobilized guerrillas and there are not significant differences between civilian and military retired officials, residents in Bogotá. Conclusion: As a conclusion, a positive, neutral or negative attitude does not depend on the difference between being military retired official or civilian.
RESUMEN
Según Sidanius y Pratto (1999) las sociedades crean consensos sobre ideologías específicas, estableciendo mitos de legitimación que promueven la superioridad de un grupo por sobre otro a fin de minimizar los conflictos que puedan surgir en la vida social. Las creencias y los valores respecto a la igualdad o desigualdad de los grupos, son importantes para el funcionamiento de las instituciones sociales de las que son miembros y de los roles que deben desempeñar. Con el objetivo de explorar la relación entre dominancia, contra-dominancia, autoritarismo y valores e indagar si existen diferencias según el tipo de institución educativa, se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra intencional compuesta por 516 estudiantes universitarios civiles y militares. Los militares presentan mayores niveles de dominancia y autoritarismo, y los civiles mayor contra-dominancia y valores de crecimiento y centrados en lo social. Asimismo, existen diferencias entre quienes asisten a la universidad pública y privada.
According to Sidanius and Pratto (1999) societies create consensus on specific ideologies, establishing legitimizing myths that promote superiority of one group over another in order to minimize conflicts that arise in social life. Beliefs and values about group’s equality or inequality are important for the functioning of social institutions to which individuals belong and the roles they should play. With the aim of exploring the relationship between dominance, counter-dominance, authoritarianism and values and to investigate whether there are differences depending on the type of educational institution, a correlational descriptive study with an intentional sample of 516 civilian and military university students was developed. The military have higher levels of dominance and authoritarianism, and greater civil counter-dominance and values- centered growth and social. There are also differences between those who attend public and private universities.