RESUMEN
La problemática de la contaminación marina y su marcada influencia en la salud de los ecosistemas costeros, está estrechamente relacionada con el aumento creciente de las poblaciones que habitan estas zonas y, de igual manera, con el incremento de las actividades domésticas, agrícolas e industriales que, por el mal manejo e inadecuado control de los desechos sólidos y líquidos, afectan el medio marino con significativas implicaciones a nivel ecológico, socioeconómico y de salubridad (Marín et al., 2005). Cada vez más la contaminación en el planeta abarca un tema importante de tratar, esto se debe al agotamiento de los recursos naturales y al calentamiento global que afecta a toda la humanidad de diferentes maneras. Vargas (2016) aclara que la sostenibilidad juega un papel fundamental que busca no poner en peligro al medio ambiente ni los recursos naturales que existen en el lugar. Con el propósito de evaluar los efectos e impactos que ocasionan la contaminación, la susceptibilidad al deterioro de funciones ecológicas, servicicos ecosistemicos, y la capacidad de adaptación, se desarrollo un análisis integrado de amenazas y vulnerabilidad ante la contaminación orgánica y microbiológica en la población costera de Santa Elena-Ecuador, 2020. La presente investigación permitio evidenciar el estado de vulnerabilidad de la localidad situada en zona costera de Santa Elena, ante la contaminación orgánica y microbiológica. Asimismo puede ser utilizada como soporte en la generación de planes y programas que ofrezcan para el control y disminución de la contaminación en los hogares como en la zona marino-costera, en la medida en que se identifican puntos clave para el fortalecimiento de la comunidad tanto en términos de infraestructura como el caso de los servicios de acueducto y alcantarillado así como de capital social y dependencia del uso de agua en la comunidad en estudio(AU)
The problem of marine pollution and its marked influence on the health of coastal ecosystems, is closely related to the growing increase in the populations that inhabit these areas and, in the same way, with the increase in domestic, agricultural and industrial activities that, due to the mismanagement and inadequate control of solid and liquid waste, affect the marine environment with significant implications at an ecological, socioeconomic and health level (Marín et al., 2005). More and more pollution on the planet encompasses an important issue to deal with, this is due to the depletion of natural resources and global warming that affects all of humanity in different ways. Vargas (2016) clarifies that sustainability plays a fundamental role that seeks not to endanger the environment or the natural resources that exist in the place. In order to evaluate the effects and impacts caused by pollution, susceptibility to deterioration of ecological functions, ecosystem services, and adaptation capacity, an integrated analysis of threats and vulnerability to organic and microbiological contamination was developed in the coastal population of Santa Elena-Ecuador, 2020. The present investigation allowed showing the state of vulnerability of the locality located in the coastal zone of Santa Elena, in the face of organic and microbiological contamination. It can also be used as a support in the generation of plans and programs that offer for the control and reduction of pollution in homes and in the marine-coastal zone, to the extent that key points are identified for the strengthening of the community both in terms of infrastructure, such as the case of the aqueduct and sewerage services, as well as social capital and dependence on the use of water in the community under study(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Turismo SostenibleRESUMEN
An investigative study was conducted during September 2017 along the eastern Red Sea coasts (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). During this study, 5 stations were prospected and samples of sediment were especially collected in order to study their meiobenthic organisms. Results showed important variations of the environmental factors between stations mainly for salinity measurements that were clearly higher at Shuaiba lagoon (47.70 psu). Meiofauna densities ranged from 218.50 to 485.25 ind.10 cm-2. Nematodes, Polychaeta, Foraminifera and Ostracoda were the most abundant among the 14 taxa registered. The highest densities of meiofauna were related to high levels of organic matter in Al Saif bay station while the lowest were observed in Shuaiba lagoon station with muddy sediments, low dissolved oxygen and high salinity. Statistical analyses showed that dissolved oxygen rate had a positive effect on Polychaeta, Turbellaria, Gastrotricha and Tardigrada whereas Arachnida, Mollusca and Brachiopoda were respectively affected by organic matter and salinity.
RESUMEN
O presente trabalho visou avaliar efeitos agudos e crônicos em amostras de sedimento do rio Cubatão e dois de seusafluentes (Perequê e Pilões), por meio de ensaios ecotoxicológicos. Os organismos-teste foram a Hyalella azteca para avaliaçãode sedimento integral. A análise de crescimento corpóreo do organismo também foi realizada. As amostras foramcoletadas entre 2010 e 2011 (quatro campanhas), em nove pontos da Bacia do rio Cubatão. Os ensaios de toxicidade paraefeitos agudos do sedimento integral em H. azteca resultaram em toxicidade para as amostras de P2 e P5 (2ª e 4ª campanhas),com mortalidade superior a 50% dos organismos expostos. A análise de crescimento corpóreo identificou menorcrescimento nos organismos expostos ao sedimento proveniente dos locais P4 e P5, onde ocorreu a industrialização naregião estudada.
The present paper assessed acute and chronic biological effects at sediment samples from Cubatão River and two othercontributors (Perequê and Pilões Rivers), by using ecotoxicity assays. Hyalella azteca were exposed to integral sediments.Body growing size was also determined. The samples were collected in 2010 and 2011 (four data) and nine different siteswere included, representing the Cubatão River Basin. The acute effects for Hyalella azteca were obtained at P2 and P5 (2ªand 4ª samplings), with mortality higher than 50% of the total number of exposed organisms. Organisms body size analysisdetected lower growing rates at sites P4 and P5, places identified as pertaining to the mainly industrialized sites.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Costas (Litoral) , Ecotoxicología , Salud Ambiental , ToxicidadRESUMEN
As cidades litorâneas atraem inúmeros turistas pela sua beleza cênica e atrativos recreacionais, incrementando a fonte de renda dos municípios. Dessa forma, é evidente a necessidade de programas de monitoramento da qualidade de suas praias, a fim de assegurara saúde dos banhistas. Apesar de haver um monitoramento eficaz para as águas recreacionais marinhas, ainda não existem, no Brasil, programas que atestem a qualidade das areias das praias. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a densidade de bactérias do gênero Enterococcus nas areias e águas de duas praias do município de São Vicente-SP, Brasil correlacionando com parâmetros abióticos (temperatura, salinidade, granulometria, matéria orgânica e variação de maré). Amostras de água e areia foram coletadas durante o mês de fevereiro de 2006 nas praias do Gonzaguinha e da Ilha Porchat, e as densidades das bactérias,determinadas com base na técnica de membrana filtrante. Temperatura e salinidade foram medidas in situ com o auxílio de um termômetro e um refratômetro, enquanto que granulometria e matéria orgânica foram determinadas em laboratório, de acordo com os métodos descritos por Suguio e Dean. Houve diferenças significativas entre as densidades encontradas na água e nas areias(p=0.004), sendo aproximadamente 20 vezes superior na areia das praias do Gonzaguinha. Resultado semelhante foi obtido para as amostras das praias da Ilha Porchat, sendo as densidades encontradas nas areias cerca de três vezes superior às encontradas nas amostras de água. Em ambas as praias, salinidade e temperatura correlacionaram-se de maneira negativa com as densidades obtidas, o que sugere que há um efeito deletério desses parâmetros sobre a população bacteriana. O presente estudo demonstra que há uma grande necessidade de estabelecimento de programas de monitoramento para areias de praias, visto que atualmente a avaliação da qualidade das praias é parte importante de programas de gerenciamento costeiro integrado.
Coastal cities attract a large number of tourists for their beautiful landscape and recreational activities, increasing the municipalitiesincome source. Thus, a need is clear for the establishment of beach quality monitoring programs to ensure bathers health. Although there is an effective monitoring program for recreational waters in Brazil there are no programs to certify the quality of beach sands. In this sense, the aim of this work was to analyze the density of bacteria from the genus Enterococcus in both sand and water from two beaches from São Vicente, São Paulo (Brazil) and correlate these densities to abiotic parameters such as: temperature, salinity, particle size, organic matter and tides). Water and sand samples were collected during February 2006 on the beaches of Gonzaguinha e Ilha Porchat and bacterial densities were determined by membrane filter technique. Temperature and salinity were measured in situwith a thermometer and a refractometer while particle size and organic matter were determined according to methods described by Suguio and Dean. There were significant differences between densities found in water and sand (p=0.004), being approximately 20times higher in Gonzaguinhas beach sands. Similar results were found for Ilha Porchat beach samples, being the densities found insand 3 times greater than those found in water. Both beaches showed a negative correlation between bacterial densities and salinity and temperature, suggesting a deleterious effect of these parameters on the bacterial community. On the other hand, no correlation was found between organic matter and particle size and bacterial densities. This work demonstrates that there is a great necessity for monitoring beach sand since the evaluation of beach quality is an important part of integrated coastal management programs.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Costas (Litoral) , Indicadores de Contaminación , Salud Pública , ArenaRESUMEN
The oceanographic conditions of west and east coasts of India provide variations in ecological conditions. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the geographic distribution and diversity of foraminifera (Protista) of west and east Coasts of India to gain insights in to ecological conditions that effect their distribution. The intertidal sediment samples, collected for a period of two years from October 2004 to September 2006 were analysed for foraminiferal diversity and sediment characteristics by standard methods. Relatively high densities (west coast -156 to 19,400 g-1, east coast – 37-214 g-1) and diversities were observed at all the sites of the West (74 species) compared to the east coast (57 species). Thirty three species were common to both the coasts. Forty one and 24 species were found to be unique to west and east coast, respectively. Foraminifera of west and east coasts form distinct clusters as revealed by Bray-Curtis cluster analysis, indicating distinctly different foraminiferal assemblages. The geographical and oceanographic conditions thus seem to influence a differential diversity of forams.