RESUMEN
Background: Smoking, drinking and chewing tobacco producthave been positively associated with oral lesions. The objectiveof the present study was to determine the prevalence oforomucosal lesions in relation to tobacco habit among a NorthIndian population.Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study wasstudy conducted among 1840 patients who reported in thedepartment of dentistry at NSCB Medical College Jabalpur MP.Along with patient's demographic details, information regardingthe type of habits, duration, frequency, site of placement,period of contact with mucosa, and history of discontinuation ofhabit were recorded using a standardized interviewer-basedquestionnaire. The diagnoses of clinically suspicious lesionswere confirmed by biopsy. Tobacco-related OMLs werediagnosed based on the clinical features. The collected datawere tabulated, and frequency and distribution tables of OMLswere generated using Statistical Package for Social Sciencesversion 21 (SPSS for Windows, Version 21.0. Chicago, SPSSInc.).Results: In the present study total patients were 3250 in which1840 patients were having habits. 58.69% males were havinghabits and 41.30% females were having habits. 67.59% maleswere smokers, 21.85% males were chewers and 10.55%males were having mixed smokers. 63.15% males weresmokers, 28.94% males were chewers, and 7.89% maleswere having mixed smokers. 36.90% patients were smokers,42.38% patients were chewers and 20.71% patients werehaving both smoking and chewing habits. The prevalence oftobacco coated tongue (31.57%) was highest in femaleswhereas in males prevalence of smoker’s melanosis (30.46%)was highest among all oromucosal lesions.Conclusion: Our study concluded that in both males andfemales smoking tobacco habit was more common thanchewing. The prevalence of tobacco coated tongue washighest in females whereas in males prevalence of smoker’smelanosis was highest among all oromucosal lesions.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de alteraciones linguales y factores relacionados en niños que asisten a las clínicas odontológicas de la universidad de Cartagena, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se examinaron aleatoriamente 134 niños que consultaron en el segundo semestre del año 2011. Se realizó examen clínico al niño, revisión de su historia clínica médica y una encuesta a la madre, para evaluar la presencia de alteraciones linguales, clasificación, características sociodemográficas y los posibles factores relacionados (ingesta de medicamentos, anemia, problemas nutricionales, déficit de vitamina B, alergias, estrés, psoriasis e higiene bucal). Se utilizaron proporciones, intervalos de confianza y la prueba estadística χ², asumiendo una significancia menor a 0.05. Resultados: La prevalencia de alteraciones linguales fue de 79.9%, siendo las lesiones más frecuentes la lengua saburral con el 74.6% y anquiloglosia con el 5.2%. No hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de alteraciones linguales y los factores evaluados. Conclusión: Las alteraciones linguales en niños tuvieron una alta prevalencia en especial la lengua saburral, en este sentido se deben implementar protocolos de manejo para incentivar en los niños y los padres conductas de higiene bucal saludables enfatizando en la superficie dorsal de la lengua.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe prevalence of tongue alterations and related factors observed in child patients attending the University of Cartagena, Colombia. Method: The present study was of a cross-sectional, descriptive nature. 134 children were randomly examined after attending consultation during the second semester of 2011. Selected children were subjected to clinical examination, their medical history was reviewed and their mothers were interviewed, in order to ascertain presence of tongue alterations. A classification was undertaken and socio-demographic characteristics were noted as well as possibly related factors (drug intake, anemia, nutritional problems, vitamin B deficiencies, allergies, stress, psoriasis and oral hygiene. Proportions, confidence intervals and χ2 statistical test were used, assuming significance lesser than 0.05. Results: Prevalence of tongue alterations was 79.9%. Most frequent lesions were coated tongue (74.6%) and ankyloglossia (5.2%). No statistically significant relationship was found between presence of tongue alterations and assessed factors. Conclusion: Tongue alterations in children were highly prevalent, especially coated tongue cases. Bearing this in mind parents and children should be encouraged to implement healthy oral hygiene habits stressing hygiene of the tongue's dorsal surface.