Conhecimento dos enfermeiros recém-formados sobre Precauções Específicas na pré-pandemia da COVID-19 / Newly graduated nurses' knowledge about Specific Precautions in the pre-pandemic of COVID-19 / Conocimiento de los enfermeros recién licenciados sobre las Precauciones Específicas en la prepandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros recém-formados sobre as medidas das Precauções Específicas (PE). Método: Estudo transversal descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital privado de São Paulo, em fevereiro de 2019. Os enfermeiros foram abordados para participar da pesquisa enquanto aguardavam o início do processo seletivo para "Enfermeiro Junior". Para avaliar o conhecimento, foi utilizado um instrumento validado, contendo 29 questões de múltipla escolha, divididas em cinco eixos temáticos, sendo definida como ponto de corte a média 7,0 (de zero a 10). Para análise dos dados, foi usado o pacote estatístico R Core, e o lme4 para os modelos mistos generalizados, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 190 enfermeiros recém-formados com nota geral de 5,82, sendo a maior média (7,9) no eixo "Equipamento de Proteção Individual". Nos demais eixos, as médias foram abaixo de 7,0, tendo a menor pontuação (4,35) no eixo "Cuidados com o Ambiente". Conclusão e Implicações para a prática: O estudo evidenciou déficit de conhecimento sobre as PE entre os enfermeiros recém-formados, com implicações para a segurança dos pacientes e dos profissionais de saúde, desde a prática assistencial na graduação (estágios) ao início da carreira profissional

Objective: To assess the knowledge of newly graduated nurses about Specific Precautions/Isolation measures. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach was conducted in a private hospital in São Paulo in February 2019. The researcher approached the nurses waiting for the "Junior Nurse" position selection process to participate in the survey. The participants answered a validated instrument with 29 multiple-choice questions, divided into five thematic categories. A score of 7.0 (from zero to 10) was defined as the cut-off point. The R Core statistical package and the lme4 for generalized mixed models were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 190 newly graduated nurses participated in the study, with an overall knowledge of Specific Precautions score of 5.82, with the highest mean (7.9) in the "Personal Protective Equipment" category. In the other four categories, the nurses scored below 7.0, with the lowest score (4.35) in the "Care for the environment". Conclusion and Implications for the practice: The study showed a deficiency of Specific Precautions knowledge among newly graduated nurses, with implications for the patients' and healthcare professionals' safety from graduation practice (internship) to the beginning of their professional career

Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos de los enfermeros recién graduados sobre las medidas de Precauciones Específicas/aislamiento. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo-exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo en un hospital privado de São Paulo en febrero/2019. El investigador abordó a los enfermeros que esperaban el proceso de selección del puesto de "Enfermero Junior" para que respondieran a la encuesta. Se utilizó un instrumento validado con 29 preguntas de opción múltiple, divididas en cinco categorías temáticas, y definió como punto de corte 7,0 (de cero a 10). Se utilizó el paquete estadístico R Core y el lme4 para modelos mixtos generalizados, y nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: Participaron 190 enfermeros recién graduados con una puntuación global de 5,82, con la media más alta (7,9) en "Equipos de protección personal". En las demás categorías, las puntuaciones fueron inferiores a 7,0, siendo la más baja (4,35) la de "Cuidado del ambiente". Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: El estudio mostró una deficiencia de conocimientos sobre Precauciones Específicas entre los enfermeros recién graduados, lo que tiene implicaciones para la seguridad de los pacientes y de los profesionales de la salud desde la práctica de graduación (pasantía) hasta el inicio de la carrera profesional

Construction of risk assessment index system of epidemic infectious diseases in primary and middle schools / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To establish a risk assessment index system for epidemic infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools, for early warning and prevention of school infectious diseases accurately and timely.@*Methods@#Through literature review, the indicators pool was established by consulting relevant experts and referring to practical experience. Then two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method were conducted(13 experts of round 1, and 20 experts of round 2). The concentration of expert opinions (the average, the percentage of full marks) and the coordination of expert opinions (the coefficient of variation, the coordination coefficient W ) were calculated and analyzed. The coordination coefficient W was obtained by nonparametric Kendall s W test of multiple samples. According to the experts feedback, necessary addition, reduction and modification of the indicators were carried out to determine the evaluation index system, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the weight of each indicator.@*Results@#The expert authority coefficients of the two rounds of consultation were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively, and the form recovery rate was 100%. The range of the variation coefficient of each three level indicator was 0.07-0.31 and 0.06-0.19, and the coordination coefficient W was 0.25 and 0.47, respectively, indicating that the consistency and credibility of expert opinions were good. Finally, the risk assessment index system of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools was established, which was composed of 5 first level indexes, 23 second level indexes and 86 third level indexes. The AHP was used to calculate the intra level weight of the index. The variation coefficient of five first level indicators of school health management and security system, school health personnel facilities, health monitoring and cognition level, severity and coping measures were 0.09, 0.06, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.06 , respectively, and the weight coefficients were 20.42%, 21.19%, 19.87%, 17.45% and 21.08%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The risk assessment index system of school infectious diseases is applicable to primary and secondary schools. The initiative, coordination and authority of experts in this system are all high. It is of practical guiding significance for the early warning of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools.

Infecções emergentes e reemergentes / Emerging and reemerging infectious

Doenças emergentes são aquelas novas que promovem significativo impacto sobre o ser humano, devido à sua gravidade e à potencialidade de deixar sequelas limitadoras e morte ou pelas repercussões sociais relacionadas com a sua prevalência, reveladoras de degradação ambiental. As doenças reemergentes ou resistentes às drogas são as que reaparecem após período de declínio significativo ou com risco de aumento no futuro próximo.

New emerging diseases are diseases that promote significant impact on human beings, due to its seriousness and potential consequences of allowing limiting and death or the social implications related to its prevalence, indicative of environmental degradation. The reemerging diseases resistant to drugs are those that reapper after a period of significant decline, or at risk of increasing in the near future.